Biography
Ukufika kwe-icon ye-icon yaseRussia kuwela kumgca we-XIV yeenkulungwane ze-XV-Ixesha elifanelekileyo apho ubugcisa babo benza iipeyinti ezidumileyo u-Andrei Roblev noFeokn Greek. Eleloku lafika eRussia ukusuka kwi-Byzantium esele ihambile inkosi, kodwa inkulu yaba yi-1390s. Ezonacawa zikhulu ze-moscow kunye ne-nizhny novgorod zihonjiswe ngeefrescoas kunye nemifanekiso yaseFeokn Greek.Ikamva
Ngokutsho kwenguqulelo eyamkelweyo ngokubanzi, i-Icon Paiter yazalwa nge-1340 eConstantinople-Intliziyo yoBukhosi baseByzantine, awafumana igama lesidlaliso. URUS uye waba ekhaya uFeofan ngo-1370 - weza eNovgorod, ngokufanayo, kunye ne-metropolitan Brick. Emva kweminyaka engama-20, ngo-1390, wafudukela eMoscow, apho wabeka khona ubomi bakhe bonke. Ngokutsho kwabathile ababhali-mbali, uFoofan wayehlala eSerpukhov naseKolomna, kodwa amalungelo obunye edalelwe apho bengagcinwanga.
I-Foofan Greek ngumlandeli we-IICham. Le nkohliso yamaKristu ibiza ukucamngca ngendlela ulwazi ngoThixo. I icon pantiter yasweleka malunga ne-1410, kodwa yangaphambi kwe-1413. Unobangela wokufa yinto yendalo, kuba uFeokan Greek, ngokutshona kwentente yesibhozo.
I-1413 ye-1413 yenziwa kwiimpawu zehlathi le-Greek Facebon, ethi umbhali nomculi owokiswa ngumhlobo wakhe i-Kirill i-kirill barzezerky. Ngendlela, ileta e-Epiphany ngowona mthombo ophambili apho idatha malunga nobomi bobuqu be-feofan kunye nendlela yayo yomsebenzi.
Indalo
Ngokutsho kwe-Epiphhany yolukiweyo, kubomi balo, uFoofan wapeyinta iicawa zamatye ezinamatye eConstantinople (i-Istanbul), i-chalkidone, i-chaoosia, ngoku i-feoosia) nakwizixeko zaseRussia zakudala. Kuphela kusekupheleni kwe-Russia kubuchule balondolozwe unanamhla.
Umsebenzi wokuqala kunye nomfundi obhaliweyo wakwaFeofin Greek yiCawe yoTshintshiselwano kwiSitrato sase-Illin, esisasebenza ngokuhonjiswa kwe-veliky novgorod. Kude kube ngamaxesha ethu, ukupeyinta kwenzeka. Izinto ezifakelweyo zikuvumela ukuba uvavanye ubuchule bombhali kunye nobungakanani bomsebenzi owenziwayo.
Eyona igcinwe kakuhle i-Dome kunye ne "Drum". Kwinxalenye ephakathi yoyilo, i-pitch-boiler iboniswa, usindisindisa uSomandla. Ngokutsho kwe-potrait, yarhoxa kwiNdumiso, neentende ezine, iikerubhi ezine, noSerafam bazobe phantsi kwentliziyo. Ubhaliso lwe-Dome ngokwesiko alikho kuphela kwi-NoVgorod, kodwa ne-Byzantine yoyilo: Ukudala i-Fressoes, isiGrike saseFeofi exhomekeke ekuhonjweni kwecawa yeHagia Sophia.
I-Traity Pesti-Premozhenskaya igcinwe kakuhle. Ixabiso elithile ngumfanekiso wangaphambili kaBathathu Emnye. Iinyawo zakhe, ngokwembono ka-Abraofian, uAbraham noSara, eziza neendwendwe. Ngoku kwi-Fresco ungabona i-sarra kuphela.
Ekuqaleni kwe-1390s, uFoofan wafika eMoscow. Apha igcisa labhala ii-icons kunye neencwadi zecawa ezihonjisiweyo. Kucingelwa ukuba iPeru Byzantine yeyokubonisa kunye nobokuqala kwiVangeli ye-bosanana yekati yekati kunye neVangeli yeHeibano. Imisebenzi Umhla we-1392. Ababhali-mbali, baxhomekeke kuhlalutyo lobugcisa, uphawu lwe-feforcan ukubhalwa kwemisebenzi "yokucinga kukamama kamama" kunye "noDon icon kanina".
"Ukuthathwa kukaMama kaThixo" kungamazwe aphambili. Kwelinye icala, iholide yecawa inikezelwe kwinkumbulo yokufa, okanye ukuphicothwa kweyona ntombi iNgcwele. Intombi enyulu kunye nomntwana itsalwa ngasemva. Emva kwexesha, umzobo owoyisiweyo kwicala elivukelayo lafumana igama elahlukileyo - "don icon kanina kaThixo."
Kude kube isiqingatha sesibini senkulungwane yama-20 kuye kwakholelwa ukuba iFreofan yesiGrike yadala i icon yomiselo yoTshintshiselwano ePerslavl-Zallyky ". Nangona kunjalo, iingcali zanamhlanje zegalari yeTortykov zivakalisa ngokulula ukuba isandla saseByzantines asichukumisi le canvas. Ngoku i icon ibonakaliswa njengomsebenzi we "icon engaziwayo".
Ngo-1405, ezintathu ze-icon paisters - uFoofan Greek, Andrei Roblev kunye ne-prokrav ene-probri-iqokelelene ukuba ipeyinti i-blagovenky castral. Ukongeza, uFeofan ubangelwa kukubhalwa kothotho lweempawu ukusuka kwi-iconostasis yekati. Ngendlela, le i-iconostasis yahlukile kwi-ART yeCawe - waba ngowokuqala eRussia, apho amanani aboniswa khona ngokukhula ngokupheleleyo.
Iqulathe i-icodostalis ye-icofasi ye-icontey ye-9. Apha ungabona ubuso buka-villy omkhulu, umpostile uPetros, ingelosi enkulu, unina wangumsunguli, uJohn Sabrener, ingelosi enkulu, umpostile uGabriel, uJohn nguJohn Zlatoust. Ukubhaliswa kwe-gosofan yesiGrike ngenxa yokuba indlela yokwenza i-icons ifana nendlela yokupeyinta iCawe yoMsindisi yoMsindisi kwiVeliky Novgorod.
U-Wiofin wayene-heroev yemifanekiso okanye inike isigqibo sokuthetha kwakhe. Inkosi yayihlala ihamba emsebenzini yaza yathetha nabakhonzi betempile, amarhamente, ukuba ngokungathi uyanceda ukuqonda i-smear, eyayiza kusetyenziswa kwi-Fresco. Le ndlela yokusebenza icacisa isizathu sokuba uFek we-Fek wadala i-Floorpius, oko kukuthi, ngaphandle kwesifundo somfanekiso.
Abanye ababhali-mbali bengabizi ukuba i-Icon Poiter isebenza kwi-monochrome ubuchule bokusebenzisa iithoni ezibomvu-mdaka. Abanye bacebisa ukuba umbala wombala ulahlekile ngexesha le-feophan palette yayihluke kakhulu. Emva kwayo yonke loo nto, ukuze ivule ubuchule bobugcisa baseByzantine, ababuyisele ababuyiselek 'bakrokreza i-Plaster kwaye basebenzise i-lime.
Sebenza
- I-1378 - Icawe yoTshintsho loTshintshiselwano kwiSitrato sase-Illin
- I-1395-Icawe yokuzalwa kweNtombi kwiSeine
- I-1399 - ikati ye-Saint Archreart Mikhail kwiKremlin (i-Arthangelsk CatHedral)
- I-1405 - Blagovehkensky Catatyral yeKremlin