Biography
I-Antonin Dvorak - Czech Commser, eyongezo lwayo lubhekisa kuhlobo lwezothando. Kwindalo yakhe, umbhali udibanisa i-leitmotifs yeklasi kunye nemveliso eyahlukileyo yomculo wesizwe. Abagxeki kunye nabaphulaphuli babuxabisa ubuchule be-maestro kunye nobuhle obukhethekileyo beengoma ezidalwe nguye. Ilifa lokuyila lelifa lendalo libandakanya i-Waltza, i-Operas, ukugxotha, iikonsane, ii-symon kunye ne-exon.Ubuntwana noLutsha
U-Antonin Leopold Dvorak wavela ngoSeptemba 8, 1841 kwilali ekufuphi nenqaba inqaba intsholongwane. Ubuzwe, abazali bakhe yayingamaCzechs. Usapho luyixabisile kakhulu izithethe zelizwe labo lokuzalwa. Utata wakhe wagcina irestyu, umsebenzi apho wakwazi ukudibanisa nomsebenzi ophambili. Ngamaxesha okuzonwabisa, uyakuthanda ukudlala i-cira. Ke uAntonin wadibana nomculo.
Indoda endala, inkwenkwe ifumana umsebenzi wabantu abadala, wancedwa kuphuhliso lwetyala losapho, kodwa intliziyo yakhe yaba nomdla kwingoma. Kwiminyaka emi-6, abazali basichonge unyana esikolweni. Ukongeza kwiileta kunye nokubala, wafundiswa kwaye umculo. Utitshala wokuqala wenkwenkwe waba nguYosefu Spitz, umfundisi weCawe. I-Antonin yonyulwe isixhobo sokuqala se-violin kwaye emva kweminyaka emi-2 sele siyonwabele iindwendwe zendawo yokutyela katata ye-lyrical melodies. I-Dvorak nayo yacinywa kwiinkonzo ecaweni.
Kwiminyaka eli-9 ubudala, wagqiba izifundo zesikolo sakhe waza wathunyelwa kwidolophu yaseZlonens. Apha uAnton wayefuna ukufunda i-butcher. Inkwenkwe yayihlala umalume, owachaza umtshana esikolweni ngokufunda isiJamani. I-Kantor Antonin Lehman yayingumfundisi weklasi. Uye wabona amandla okudala omntwana okwishumi elivisayo aze aqalise ukumnika izifundo zokudlala ipiyano kunye nelungu.
I-dvorak yoncinci idityaniswa nomsebenzi obulalayo kwiiklasi ezikhuthazayo kwaye ngo-1856 wafumana uxwebhu ukuba lisebenze njengeseti. Ngeli xesha, usapho lwakhe lwaya e-Zlonian, kwaye utata wakhe wagqiba kwelokuba athumele unyana wakhe ukuba afundele iCzech Kamenets. Emva koko, u-Antonin waba ngumfundi welungu lesikolo ePrague.
Amaphupha okuqala aqeqeshiweyo ale ndoda yanxulumana nomsebenzi we-organist ecaweni. Ngokuthe ngcembe, wayeqhelene nemisebenzi yabaqambi kwaye azive engakumbi kwaye engakumbi ngokwakhe enze izinto ezibalulekileyo. Ukufunda ngokuvisisana, ukwakha i-fuges kunye ne-prevare, i-produnt, umculo wafumana ubuchule bomdlalo kwimitya.
Umculo
Emva kokugqitywa koqeqesho esikolweni, i-DVARK inokuba yindawo esemaphandleni, kodwa yahlala ePrague. Ukususela ngo-1850, wasebenza njenge-altal karelle Karelle Kombuzak, kwaye ngo-1862 waba yimvumi ye-Orchestra "yethiyetha yethutyana". Ngomhla we-1866, isahluko sakhe yayinguMfuyi ogxothiweyo. Umqambi wenza imisebenzi ye-ferez yegqabi, hector berlioz, richard wagner, mikhail glinka.
Ukujikajika kwembono ye-opera, i-dvorak iyeke kwi-orchestra. I-Presere yoRhwebo "yokumkani kunye ne-Coalcher" yenzeka ngo-1874. I-Opera yajika iphumelele ngendlela engathethekiyo, kwaye, iphefumlelwe yimpumelelo, iDvorak yaqalisa ukubhala nzima. I-Opera "Wanda", "inkani", "sly geasant", kunye nemisebenzi yefomathi encinci, kubandakanya "ii-Duets" zeMoravies "zavela. Emva koko, indalo yaxatyiswa kakhulu nguJohannes Brahms.
Ngaphandle kokunyuka kwendalo, eli xesha lebhayiloji yeDvoraik lalilula. Abathathu abantwana bakhe basweleka, abachaphazela ubuchule. Umbhali wanyamezela usizi, usizi kunye nokulangazelela, onamava ngenxa yelahleko. Kuphela ngonyaka ka-1878 wakwazi ukujamelana nelahleko enkulu. Umfazi wamnika intombi, isiganeko sovuyo samisela imvumi ngendlela efanelekileyo.
Umshicileli womculo uFritz Frict u-onner uyiyalele umntu ohlelelekileyo wengqokelela yemida "yemidaniso ye-slavic". Isivuno sakhe saphawulwa yinyani yokuphendula yabagxeki. AbaMeliman bathenge amanqaku, kwaye kubabavakalisi bakhawuleza ukuphuma kwee-odolo. UAntonin wafunwa. Kwiphephandaba lasePrague, ukuguqulelwa kwenqaku le-laudigatory lokugxekwa lwaseJamani kubonakaliswe, kwaye inani elikhulu leendwendwe eziqokelelwe kwikonsathi yeDvoraik. Impumelelo yayingaphantsi.
U-Antonina Dvorakik wanyulwa lilungu leklabhu yamabala okuyila "incoko yeClepetskaya," kwaye wakhokelela ukhokelo lomculo. Ke umqambi waqalisa ukwenza njengelungu le-jury kwiziko lomculo. Ukuthandwa kwakhe kube yinto entle. Akukho khonkothi ayenzileyo ngaphandle kokuzaliseka kwemisebenzi yakhe, kodwa ngenxa yendalo yombhali wanikwa imirhumo enkulu.
Ngo-1884, wafumana isimemo esiya e-UK, apho wamkelwa ngokufudumeleyo. Ekuhambeni, uAntonin wadibana noPeter Tchaikovsky nase-England watyelela iRussia ngotyelelo. Intendelezo yayinomsindo apha.
Ngo-1901, i-Premiere ye-Opera eyaziwayo "ye-mermaid" yenzekile, yakhunjuzwa ngokutsha ngetalente enkulu yombhali. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yakutshanje yeDvoraik, ebhalwe ngaphambi kokuba ifa, yayiyi "Amaris", ethi umbhali agqibileyo ngo-1904.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1873, uAntonin Dvarak utshatile. Inyulu yakhe yayiyintombazana yakhe yentombazana e-hermakova. Ubomi bobuqu be-novice imvumi ye-novice yayinele, kodwa isikhundla sezinto ezibonakalayo sabaxhasi sajika sabuzwa. Abantwana bakhawuleza bavela entsatsheni. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba, i-dvorak yayisebenza njenge-organist kwiCawe yeCawe yeSt.
Imali yayiswele kakhulu, kwaye umqambi wafaka uloyiko lokufunda amanani okuba nzima. Ikhomishini eqokelelweyo yokuqwalaselwa kwesicelo yayikreqa. Ukuqinisekisa imisebenzi yokuyila ye-DVARK, ibonakaliswe kwiijaji ze-3 ne-4 symphony.
IKhomishini ivumile ukubonelelwa kwezibonelelo. Wanikwa imvumi kangangeminyaka emi-5. Uncedo lwezezimali lwalusendleleni ngexesha elinzima, xa abantwana abancinci bamaqabane basweleke.
Ukufa
UAntonin Dvarak wasweleka nge-1 kaMeyin, 1904. Unobangela wokufa yayinguHemourrhage kwingqondo. Ingcwaba lakhe likwiPrague kumangcwaba eVieiserad. Kwisixeko kukho imyuziyam enikezelwe kubomi bomqambi.Namhlanje, igama lakhe likhunjulwa ngabantu abanemfundo yomculo, kodwa indoda enqabileyo esitratweni ikhumbula iNoarrik, iphulaphula "ababhali" abangafiyo ". Nangona kunjalo, igalelo lemvumi kwilifa leli xesha libalulekile. Umzobo wakhe ubekwe kwiimpapasho ezahlukeneyo ezikhethekileyo kunye neencwadi zezifundo ..
Imisebenzi yomculo
- I-1870- "ALFRED"
- Ngo-1871 - "Kumkani kunye neCoil"
- Ngo-1874 - "inkani"
- Ngo-1875 - "WAnda"
- Ngo-1877 - "suthant"
- Ngo-1886 - I-Aratia "Saint Lymiudmila"
- 1890 - "imfuneko"
- Ngo-1900 - "mermaid"
- Ngo-1904 - "Amarid"