Biography
UJohn Khmelevskaya ngumbhali odumileyo kunye nomsunguli wohlobo loncwadi lwe-Indernic olizukileyo oluzukiswa ngumsebenzi wakhe. Ibhinqa lisoloko linendawo yokuhlala kunye nemozulu. Nge-81 yokugqibela, wadlula kwinani elikhulu leziganeko eziqaqambileyo kunye nabantu obaqhelileyo benezinto ezinomdla, ezazisenza kamva amagorha amagorha emisebenzi yakhe yokusebenza.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-biegraphy ye-Irena Banbara Kun (Nee Irena Barbara Jobker) yaqala ngo-Epreli 2, ngo-1932 kwintsapho ephakathi yasePoland. Utata wakhe wayengumqeshwa wenye yeebhanki zeWarsaw. Le ndoda yayihlala isebenza rhoqo, ngenxa yoko wayengenalo nexesha elaneleyo lokukhulisa intombi yakhe - umama wakhe kunye nomakazi obini babezibandakanya. Enkosi omnye wabo, intatheli iLucina - intombazana yasebudeni afundisa i-French, ifuna uncwadi kwaye yayiyinto eguquguqukayo.
Ukuthomalalisa kukaJohn John emva kokuba imikhosi yaseJamani yahlasela iPoland ngo-1939. Umbhali wexesha elizayo kwafuneka ayeke isikolo kwaye afumane ulwazi kuphela kwiiklasi zabucala ezinomakazi. Emva koko, intombazana yaqhubeka nezifundo zakhe kwisikolo sokubhoda kwimonki yendawo. Emva koloyiso ngaphezulu kwee-factcist, iPoland laziva umoya wenkululeko, kodwa ixesha elide, warsaw kwafuneka abuyisele izibonelelo.
Khmelevskaya, ukukhuthaza iindlela ezibalaseleyo kwisikolo sokubhoda, uthathe isigqibo sokufumana imfundo ephezulu. Yayihlala ihlasela umsebenzi kunye nokuveliswa kwentle, ngoko ke uJohn omncinci, edlula ekucamngca ngobuhlungu, wayahlulahlula i-Acatectmy. Nangona kunjalo, kulungile okanye kubi, umfundi akazange abe yitalente nekukhulu.
Ngokwexesha labo ababephila ngexesha, ingongoma yokugqibela yeKHmelevskaya yayiluhambo lokuya eFrance. Apho wabona i-chapel kwisixeko sase-Orly, emva koko ndaqonda ukuba ayinakuze izenze into entle nenentsingiselo. Emva koko, intombazana yaqalisa ukukhangela iitalente ezintsha.
Umtsalane wakhe kuncwadi onoloyiso oloyileyo, ngoko ke uYohane wagqiba kwelokuba azame ukufumana imali ngesonka ngoncedo lokubhala ubugcisa bokubhala. Imisebenzi yokuqala yazisa umvuzo omncinci kakhulu. Imali yeRhafu yayingabi sanele ubomi, ngokumalunga noku, umbhali wagqiba kwelokuba aphendukele kulwaphulo-mthetho - waqalisa ukubandakanyeka kwi-Pemart yawo eDenmark. Ishishini elangeniweyo laqalisa ukuqhubela phambili, ngoko ke uJohn wayekwazi ukuphepha intolongo.
Iincwadi
Impumelelo yokuqala i-ocedook ibhinqa nge-1960s. Inoveli yakhe ye-Debut ebizwa ngokuba "Wedge Wedge" yawa kwimidlalo yaza yahlala isebenza nanamhlanje. Ukongeza kwimali nozuko, iKMelevskaya ifumene uphononongo oluhlekisayo lwabagxeki kunye nabaqashiyo kuqala. Kwixa elizayo, i-bibliography ka-John ifikelele kwiincwadi ezingaphezu kwama-60 kuhlobo lwe-Ironic yoMfanekiso kunye ne-Autobiographical Prose.Yonke imisebenzi yomfazi iqulethe iyelenqe elibonakalayo, iphazamiso elinomdla leminyhadala, amagorha amaninzi eneprototype yokwenene kwaye, ewe, i-protory ehlekisayo kwaye inesithukuthezi esincinci kwaye inesingqala, ethi ixabiseke kakhulu kwiinoveli ze-khmelevskaya. UJohn ngengozi wafumana uhlobo. Njengombhali ochazwe kolunye udliwanondlebe, ubomi buhlala bunento ehlekisayo, eyonwabisayo kunye nokugcina ithoni.
Ngenxa yovavanyo, wenza iincwadi ze-tyuts kwezona zintle ze-irol onesicuphi, emva koko kwakuqonda ukuba inomdla kwaye iqhubeke nokusebenza kwicala elifanayo. Xa usenza imifanekiso yencwadi, umfazi wathatha isiseko sabantu bokwenyani-amaqhawe eencwadi zikaYohane ezihlala zizihlobo zakhe kunye nabantu obaqhelileyo, kunye noMbhali ngokwakhe. Ucacisile kwangaphambili ukuba ngekhe asondele 'ekuthatheni ", kodwa, njengomthetho, kwakungekho kusilelo.
Ke, umzekelo, kwinoveli "zonke ezibomvu" abalinganiswa abaziintloko "babengumbhali uJohn Polanskaya kunye nomhlobo wakhe osenyongweni ogama linguAlion hansin. Ewe, indlela yobungcali kaJohn yayingeyongxaki kwaye ilula. Njengabantu abaninzi bokuyila, wayekufundeka inkxwaleko kunye nokucelwa, umfazi wazama ixesha elide ukuzifumana. Ngaphandle kwale, yonke imisebenzi yeKhmelevskaya inomdla kwaye ayifani.
Wayenencwadi ene-repipes engaqhelekanga. Umbono wokukhupha impapasho ngeendlela ezithandwayo nezimnandi ezazivela ngumbhali ngexesha lokuphuma kwenoveli, enomxholo othi "Remer vere". Kuyo, owona mlinganiswa uphambili wolwazi abaludingayo, belungiselela umphandi inani elikhulu lezitya ezingezomgangatho. Abalandeli bamcenga uYohane malunga neemfihlo zabo zokugcina, zibekwe kamva kwincwadi "yeCuminary".
Kubalulekile ukuthi uninzi lwamaRoma aseKhimelevskaya akakwazanga ukukhululwa ngenxa yokungenelwa okunzima. Umzekelo, intsingiselo ye "Concodile yeLizwe likaCharlotte" yayisekwe kwigosa laseburhulumenteni. Nangona kunjalo, abasebenzi beenkonzo ezikhethekileyo abakhange basebenzise le ndlela yokuqokelela ulwazi oluyimfuneko. Ngenxa yoku, umbhali wanyanzelwa ukuba aguqule uMphulaphuli kwinkanuko yabemi. Kwaye abachasi abakhulu abaphezulu 'kwilifa elinqatyisiweyo "ixesha elide basebenza njengomqobo wokuprinta.
Ngaphandle koku, uJohn uhlala unethemba nakwiimeko ezinzima. Wasabelanga kuzo naziphi na izithintelo kunye neengcikivo zotshintsho oluhlaziyiweyo oluzicwangcisa, kodwa aluzange luphuthile intsingiselo yomsebenzi.
Ubomi Buqu
UJohn wayenoyolo ebomini bakhe bobuqu kunye nomyeni wakhe uStanislav iminyaka eli-11. Abantwana ababini bavela kumanyano lwawo, bobabini abafana. Amaqabane afumileyo agcine ulwalamano olufudumeleyo na emva kokupheliswa komtshato.
Unyana wokuqala wazalwa ngo-1951. Emva kokuphumelela ekufundeni eyunivesithi, wemka umsebenzi wethutyana e-Algeria, kodwa ngoko nangoko wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe waza waqalisa ukukhulisa iimpatshisi. Indoda yanceda umntakwabo omncinci ogama linguRobert. Kwaye, ngokuhamba kwexesha wafudukela eCanada. Kweli lizwe, umzukulwana kaKmelevskaya uMowea waseKelevskaya usahlala aze aphile, ofumene isikhundla sengcali kwicandelo layo.
Ukongeza kokuqulunqwa kweenoveli, uJohn ukhetha ukuphumla ngokuguquguqukayo: Udlale amakhadi, waya kwimihlathi, eqokelelene kwi-Seashells, eqokelele inqwelo-mafutha, waqhubela phambili kwimoto ephezulu kwaye waya kwi-casino.
Kodwa ukusebenzisa i-World Cobweb Hmlevskaya ayithandanga konke-ikhompyuter ekwindlu yakhe ayizange iqhutywa yi-Intanethi. UJohn nge-spenic wayiphatha le datha kwi-hard disk yayo, enje ngefoto kunye nevidiyo evela kwindawo yokugcina ikhaya, inokubiwe okanye itshatyalaliswe nayiphi na intsholongwane eyingozi.
Ukufa
UJohn Khmelevskaya wemka ngentsimbi yesi-7 ka-Okthobha ngo-2013 eWarsaw. Unobangela wokufa uye waba sisifo eside, apho umfazi obandezelekayo kwiminyaka yokugqibela. Ingcwaba lombhali ikwindawo yaseRonzokovsky.Namhlanje, imisebenzi kaKMelevskaya isaphulukana nokubaluleka kwayo, iguqulelwe kwiilwimi ezahlukeneyo kwaye isebenze njengesiseko sovavanyo lweefilimu zemifanekiso. Kolunye lodliwano-ndlebe, khmelevskaya waqonda ikowuteshini, eyaba yimotto yobomi bayo:
"Zininzi izinto ezintle kwaye zihlekisa ebomini! Kwanakwezona ziganeko zimbi unokubona into ehlekisayo, kwaye kuya kuba lula ukuphila. "Iikowuti
"Asinamda kweli lizwe kuphela ezingabusebenzi" "ubutyebi kunye neendidi zokuncama iindidi ezibukhali" "kwindalo, indalo, akukho nto itshabalalayo."I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1972 - "Oko Bathe bafileyo
- Ngo-1973 - "les"
- Ngo-1974 - "Zonke zibomvu"
- Ngo-1979 - "Indlu Ngeziporho"
- 1992 - "QAPHELA"
- 1993 - "Imfihlakalo"
- 1998 - "i-garpia"
- Ngo-1998 - "igolide ibhabha"
- Ngo-2004-"iikati ezingxoweni"
- Ngo-2007 - "phatha ngokunciphisa umzimba"