Biography
Zinaida serebyakakova ngumculi waseRussia osebenze kwi-portrait uhlobo. Ivelaphi ukusuka kusapho olukhuni. Ngendlela yokuyila yeSerebyayov, utyekelo lomfanekiso wendalo, abantu, kodwa kusekho izikhumba. Yeyokwenza intshukumo ye "World of Art", umkhonto ophambili wathintelwa. Kanye eFrance ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1930s, uZinaida Serebyakakov ixesha elide alinakubuya ikhaya. Wamkela ubumi baseFrance kwaye kwakhona badibana nezalamane ngo-1966. Namhlanje, imisebenzi yakhe iboniswa kwiimyuziyam ezidumileyo zehlabathi.Ubuntwana noLutsha
IZinaida I-Lancer yazalwa ngoNovemba 28 (nge-10 kaDisemba) ye-1884. Le fani yayingutata kayise. Intsapho yamantombazana yayihlala kwilifa elingenathemba phantsi kweKharkov. Akumangalisi ukuba i-biography yakhe ihambelane ne-ART. Utata we-Artist wexesha elizayo wasebenza njengomzobo, umama wakhe wayezibandakanya kwimizobo, utat'omkhulu yayingu-Ambelitect Nikolai Beikoua, kwaye uninzi lwezihlobo ezininzi lwazinikela kubugcisa.
Izipho ezikhulayo kunye nezipho zokuyila bezingaqwalaselwa kwindalo yazo nento engaqhelekanga. Ke ngoko, umnqweno we-zina ukufezekiswa kwisikhokelo sobugcisa saziwa njengoko kunikezelwa. Ukhule kunye nabazalwana. Emva koko, omncinci waba nguMyili, kwaye omkhulu kungumdwebi.
Iminyaka yolutsha yeZinaida yaqhubeka eSt. Petersburg, apho usapho lwafudubeka emva kokusweleka kukayise. Ikamva lentombazana yayibandakanyeka kuMama uAlexander Benoit. I-Serebyayova iphumelele kwi-Gymnasium yabasetyhini ngo-1900 kwaye yaba ngumfundi wesikolo sobugcisa. Iziseko zobugcisa ezibonakalayo, wahluthwa phantsi kobunkokeli be-Ilya, nakwiindibano zocweyo, ezikhokelwa yi-OSIP BRAZ. Ngo-1902-1903, uZina watyelela e-Itali, ophefumlele kakhulu.
Ukupeyinta
Umsebenzi we-Debut wabonisa indlela umntu ngamnye wobugcisa kunye nombhalo wombhali wayo. Ukufundisisa inkcubeko yenkcubeko yehlabathi, uSerebyayova wayenomdla kwiifom zeplastiki, utyekelo lwababhali kwintetho yesizwe. Inomdla ngokwemvelo, iMisombo kunye nobomi baseRussia beqhelekileyo. Phakathi kwezintandokazi zeZinaida yayinguNikola Poussin, iBrobhu, uAlexey Venetsian.
Ihlala ibukele kwi-En-Pie Ele-Pie Elephant, iSerebyayov ifanekiwe kwiiplani zemifanekiso yazo. Ukuba sengubo yendalo, waqonda indawo ebonakalayo, elinganisa ubomi belifa, ukuhambahamba kweplastiki emsebenzini. Ukujonga isivuno okanye omnye umsebenzi wengingqi, umculi waphefumlelwa yimisebenzi emitsha.
Phakathi kwepeyinti yangaphambili yeZinaida Serebyava - "intombazana enamava", ibhaliwe ngo-1906, "igadi yeziqhamo ngombala" ka-1908. Umbhali waziva ngokuchanekileyo ukuba umxholo wakhe wokupeyinta yayiyindibaniselwano yobuhle bohlobo lwemveli ekubalekeniyo kunye nekamva labantu.
Umfanekiso ongeniswe nguZinaida uFame wayengumzobo obizwa ngokuba "yindlu yangasese" eyenziwe nguye ngo-1909. Yaboniswa kwi-venice ye-Union yamagcisa eRussia nge-1910. Emva koko abaphulaphuli bawubone umsebenzi we "mifanekiso", imizobo yezihlobo ezazibhala umculi. Ukuyila iSerebrayakov kufunyenwe Ukwamkelwa ngo-1914 ukuya kwe-1917, emva kwenkcazo yothotho lweepeyinti malunga nephondo laseRussia kunye nobomi babantwana abaqhelekileyo. Phakathi kwemisebenzi eyaziwayo ngeli xesha - "abalingane", "ukuvuna" kunye "nokulala".
Ngo-1917, abaphulaphuli bawubona umsebenzi obizwa ngokuba "ngumhlamo we-canvas", apho indlela yendlela ebalulekileyo yombhali yabonakala. IZinaida ibonisa amanani anamandla yamantombazana ngokuchasene nemvelaphi yesibhakabhaka. Ukuqulunqwa okudibanisa iindiza ezibanzi zezandla ezikhanyayo, ezigcwelekileyo. Umsebenzi odlala umsebenzi wabantu abaqhelekileyo, ezukiswe iSerebyayov.
Imixholo ekhethwe ngumbhali yomsebenzi wawuyixhole kakhulu phakathi "kweLizwe lobugcisa" baseStebyayov. Ngo-1916, waba ngumncedisi kuMama uMalume uAlexander Beaua ngepeyinti yeSikhululo saseKazan kwaye wasebenza kwinkampani e-Evgeny Lancer, iBoris Kustodiinsky.
Phakathi kwabo babenomdla eZinaida, amazwe aseMpuma yayiyingqondo ekhethekileyo awayedlula ngayo kwimifanekiso yabasetyhini. Ukuchaza iJapan, iTurkey, India, wayesebenza nakwimifanekiso enxulumene nezinto zakudala. Kuyinyani, uninzi lweepeyinti zesihloko sokugqibela sahlala singaphelelwanga. Ibhinqa laqala ukubaluleka kakhulu emsebenzini weSerebyayova. I-Conquckry, uvuyo lobunye maliyaba, lusizi olulula, oluchazwe yibrashi yakhe, wayenemo yemvakalelo ekhethekileyo.
Ikamva lobugcisa yayinzima. Emva komlilo owenzekile eNesuchny, indlwane yentsapho yajika itshatyalaliswe njengeworkshop yakhe. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, wahlala emhlolokazi emva kokusweleka kweqabane lakhe kwiTyhis. Intsapho yayihlala kwimfuno enkulu, kwaye umfanekiso "wekhadi", wenziwe ngeli xesha, wenza ubu bunzima bendawo yayo.
Intombi yeSerebyakakova yangena kwi-ballet ruupi, kwaye ukusukela ngoko kwimisebenzi yomfazi yayingumxholo wethiyetha. Umzobi wabhala i-ballerin kwizinto aziqhelisela kwaye ngaphambi kokuba uye kwinqanaba, kodwa akazange afumane ulwaneliseko emsebenzini wakhe. Ukususela ngo-1920, wafundisa kwi-Academy yobugcisa. UZinaida wayiphepha indlela yephulo, wangena kwi-ART ngeli xesha, oshiyekileyo umxholo nezithethe zeMissusnikov.
Ngo-1924, umboniso wesisa wabanjwa eUnited States, owazisa impumelelo ye-Artist kunye nengeniso. Ufumene i-odolo yepeyinti yokuhombisa eParis. Emva kokugqiba umsebenzi, yayiza kubuyela kwilizwe lasekhaya, kodwa ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwezopolitiko kwafuneka ihlale eFransi. Emva koko kwalandela imfazwe yesibini yehlabathi. Ubomi phesheya yayiyenzelwe uZinaida uvuyo, ukulangazelela ilizwe kubonakalisiwe kwimisebenzi yayo emva kowe-1924. Kwakufuneka ayeke ubumi bokuphepha intshutshiso phesheya.
Isikhumbuzo sokwenyani kunye ne-folk ayimisi ipeyinti. Ukuhamba, uSerebyavava waya brittany, i-algeria kwaye wade watyelela iMorocco. Imifanekiso yabantu abaqhelekileyo babehlala bekhona kwimizobo. Indalo kunye nomntu, umzobi ungonwabanga ngokungathandabuzekiyo malunga nelizwe lakhe kwaye waphazamisa unxibelelwano kunye nabantu obathandayo.
Ngo-1966, imiboniso yeepeyinti ze-binaida serebyayo yabanjwa eLeningrad, eMoscow naseKiev ofumene uphononongo oluhle kakhulu kubabhali-mbali bezobugcisa noluntu. Usuku lokuvulwa lwabantwana kunye nabahlobo bakhe. Uninzi lokupeyinta ngumbhali lwafunyanwa ngamaziko olondolozo lwembali, kwaye igama lakhe laziwa kwiSoviet Union.
Ubomi Buqu
Indoda yomculi yayiyindoda yaseBoris Serebyaki kufutshane nobuntwana. Ukuza ngeZinaida kunye nomzala, wayethandana nesalamane, kwaye incoko malunga nomtshato weza ngexesha lokuhlala eNesuchun. Icawe yayingakhuthazwanga emtshatweni, ngenxa yoko, imvume yoMtshato woLutsha akazange afumane ixesha elide. Ngo-1905, ukunika utata wasekuhlaleni i-ruble yama-300, abomtshato balungelelanisa umtshato eluthandweni.
UBoris wayengenamdla kubugcisa. Waba yinjineli kaloliwe kwaye ngexesha lemfazwe yaseRussia yayiseMadochua ngokuziqhelanisa. I-Zinaida iphupha lokupeyinta. Umahluko kwimidla ayizange iphazamise kuyo ukuze iphuphe ngekamva elidibeneyo. Ubomi bobuqu bawonwabile. Bachitha unyaka eParis de uZinaida afunde kwi-De La Jrand Schomym, kunye ne-boris - kwisikolo esiphakamileyo seebhulorho kunye neendlela. Ebuyele ekhaya, ngamnye kubo aqhubela phambili kwezorhwebo, kwaye abanye abantwana abane bavela entsatsheni: 2 oonyana neentombi ezi-2.
Ngexesha lokufuduka kweZinaida, unyana ka-Eurene nentombi kaTatiana bahlala nomakhulu wakhe. Bahlala ngokuqina, kwaye ngo-1933 umama weZinaida wasweleka ngenxa yendlala kunye neemeko ezimbi zokuphila. U-Eugene waba ngumyili, kwaye uTatiana waqala ukusebenza njengomculi kwindawo yemidlalo yeqonga. Ukuphupha kwakhona ukudibana nonina, babiza ilizwe lakhe ngeminyaka yee-1930, xa urhulumente wase-USS ameme umntu ukuba abuyele ekhaya. Kodwa uZinaida emva koko wasebenza eBelgium kwaye akakwazanga ukushiya iodolo engafakwanga.
Ukufa
UZinaida Serebyayov wasweleka eParis xa wayeneminyaka engama-82 ubudala. Unobangela wokufa yayiyimvelo. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba umculi wayehlala phesheya kangangeminyaka emininzi, kwilizwe lakhe, igama lakhe ukhumbula kwaye agcina iinkumbulo zomsebenzi welinye lamabhinqa lokuqala. Imyuziyam ngamaxesha onke iququzelela imiboniso yemisebenzi yakhe, kwiincwadi kwi-ART epapashwe ifoto yombhali. Intombi yeSerebrayakuova, emveni kokusweleka kukanina wadala isiseko segama lakhe.Ukupeyinta
- Ngo-1909 - "kwindlu yangasese. Umzobo wakho "
- Ngo-1913 - "i-badwa"
- Ngo-1914 - "kwisidlo sakusasa" ("kwisidlo sasemini")
- Ngo-1915 - "Ukuvuna"
- Ngo-1916 - "IIndiya"
- Ngo-1924 - "igumbi lokuhlambela le-ballet"
- Ngo-1932 - "moroccan kwingubo epinki"
- Ngo-1934 - "Umfazi oBlue"
- Ngo-1940- "Nude enencwadi"
- Ngo-1948 - "ndisekhona ubomi ngamaapile kunye nesonka esijikelezileyo"