Biography
I-Alexander Svirky yenye yezona zihlonitshwayo zabaNgcwele kwiCawa yobuOthodoki yaseRussia. Lo mdala wayehlala kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-500 eyadlulayo, kodwa inkumbulo yakhe unanamhla ezintliziyweni zamakholwa ezithembayo ngemithandazo yakhe ukuba ifumane uncedo kwezomoya nehlabathi. Abangcwele baphila ubomi obungqongqo, obugcwele ukonakaliswa kwaye bathandazekile, awathi wanikwa isipho sikaThixo sesipho se-Wills kunye nobude bokuthobeka, nomonde nothando nothando.Umfanekiso wobomi
Ubomi obude be-Alexander Svirsky ixhunyiwe kunye nomhlaba onobunzima emantla eRussia. Umfundi webhayolotile wazalwa kwilali yaseMandelara, owayesemlanjeni waya e-Oyat kwi-Obony Spboard (ngoku le ndawo yengingqi yeLeningrad). Abazali babengenabo abantwana ngaphambi kokwaluphala, kwaye babengadinwanga ukuba babuyele kuThixo ngale ngxaki. Kuyabonakala imithandazo yomntwana wakhe wokuzalwa komntwana, kwaye ngo-1448 usana lwabonakala kwiHlabathi elibizwa ngokuba nguAmos uzukisa uMprofeti wakudala.
I-biography ye-biedden ngamanye amaxesha inyusa ubomi babanye abangcwele. Njengo-Inter. ISergia, umntwana wayengenakuphumelela ekufundiseni ixesha elide, kodwa kwimithandazo kunye nokukhuthala wavuzwa ngesipho sokuqonda ngcono idiploma ngaphezu koontanga. UAmosi wabonakala engaqhelekanga: wayengawuthandi umthandazo kaNoingy, umthandazo wokuzinikela ixesha elide, wabeka izithuba ezingqongqo kunye nezithintelo kuye.
Umama wayekhathazekile ngonyana wakhe kwaye wayefuna ukucwangcisa ubomi bakhe ngokukhawuleza, ukutshata nentombazana yakhe yobuThixo. Nangona kunjalo, igxothwe ngeebhodi zomfana, kuba kungekudala waziva ebizela indlela eyimfihlo kunye neyona ndlela.
Omnye umfana othile womelezwe kwesi sigqibo, ekuhlanganeni kwakanye iimonki zemonastery, ezazikhawulezayo ngeemfuno zoqoqosho. Incoko ende kunye nabemi basezishini, idume ngokungqongqo, uAmosi ophefumlelweyo wabalandela esiqithini esingcwele. Kodwa iimonki zala ukuthatha uzinikelo oluncinci kunye nabo, zibhekisa ekungabikho kwentsikelelo yabazali kunye ne-abbot.
Ke oyena mfo wagqiba kwelokuba enze le ndlela. Umfana othandazayo, umfana osesanduluka ngasese wayishiya indlu kayise, waya eValam ukuba angene inani labazalwana. Kwindlela ende, kanye njengengelosi imncedileyo kuye kwabo bazisa abalandeli bengazange bamenzele iindonga zeemonki, apho wayehlala khona iminyaka emininzi. Intloko, ukubetha kweMonic wandulela ixesha lokuthobela, elakhutshwa iminyaka esi-7. Ngeli xesha, lo mfana wayekwazi ukubonisa ubunzulu beenjongo zakhe nokuxhathisa ekuxhaseni isithuba, ukuthandaza kunye nokuthandabuza.
Xa uAmos wafumana iminyaka engama-26 ubudala, wachukumiseka kwiimonki ngegama lika-Alexander. Kwangelo xesha, abazali beva malunga nendawo yokuhlala elahlekileyo, kwaye utata wakhe wakwazi ukumhambela, engafundanga kwi-Inki yoNyana wakhe. Wasondela uStephen noVassa emva koko beme kwindlela yeMonic. UAlexander wayefuna ubomi obukhulu kwaye wacela ubomi obanzi kwaye wacela ukuba umcebisi wentsikelelo ukuba azinze kwisiqithi esikude seValaam archipelago.
Le ndoda yaqalisa ukuhlala kumqolomba wamatye, olondolozwe unanamhla. Namhlanje, kule ndawo nguAlexander Svir, apho iimodks zobomi obungqongqo buphila. AbaPilogrim babonisa ingcwaba, basasazeka emhlabeni, apho kulityelwa khona okungcwele kangangeyure ukuze bakwazi ukulibala "ukubulawa ngokufa".
Ngo-1486, uAlexander washiya iValaam kwaye wazinza kwindawo yeRoshchinsky Lake kufutshane noMlambo iSvir. Apha, kangangesi-7, othe tyaba osivayo lonke usukelo lakhe, echitha ubusuku kwindlu ebizwa ngokuba yindlu ebiyilo kunye nokondla kuphela izipho zehlathi. Ngamanye amaxesha i-Saint yayinomhlaba kuphela. Kwindlela yokuphila ye-oscetiyeli, impilo yendoda yaphelelwa ngamandla, kodwa iNkosi yayixhasa umlungiseleli wayo kwaye wanika loo mandla angakhawulezi kwaye aqhubeke nendlela yokuzabalaza.
Ngenye imini, ikhulu ladibana ngengozi ye-Andrei zavavalishin kwi-boyars yalapha ekhaya. Le ndoda yamangaliswa yingqondo yayo kwaye yaya naye kwincoko, wayekulo sonke ubomi bakhe. Ukubuyela kwethu ekhaya, indoda yayingakwazi ukumelana namabali malunga nokuzizuzisa eziziintshaba nezisweleyo, ezihlala emahlathini, kwaye ngokuthe ngcembe ku-Alexander waqalisa ukujoyina indlela yeMonocar.
Oku kwakuphelisa ubomi bobulungisa, kwaye inqanaba elitsha laqala xa waba ngumcebisi wabantu ababefuna ukuzinikela ekukhonzeni uThixo kwaye behlambulula umphefumlo kwiinkanuko. Kujikeleze uAlexander, bahlanganiselana abantu, befuna ukuhlala bethule, bethobekile, benomxholo, kuphela ziziqhamo zomsebenzi wabo. Ke ngelo xesha kukho i-monastery eyiphilela eyona ndlela iphantsi nengqongqo.
Abangcwele babehlala kude nabazalwana, balungiselela intlango, apho waqhubeka khona esebenzisa iposti kunye nomthandazo. Imikhosi yedemon ilungelelaniswe ngokuchasene neHermit ye-Brani, imibono eyoyikisayo izama ukuqhuba ngaphandle, kodwa uThixo akazange anikezele. Ngenye imini, kunyaka wama-23 wokuhlala amahlathi aseSward, wayeyinto ebalaseleyo yoNyana kaThixo osikelelekileyo, emva koko kwaqala ukwakhiwa kwegama elinye elifanayo.
Iimonki zakhiwe icawe ye-thikhi ye-thewding yokuhlonipha uBathathu Emnye, ethatyathwa ityelwe lilitye emva kweminyaka engama-20. Ngo-1508, emva kokuphela kwexesha elide, uAlexander, uAlexander wamkela i-sanral san kwaye waba ziindima zemonki. Kwangelo xesha, akazange aphulukane nokuthobeka kwaye athobekile, eqhubeka enxiba iimpahla eziwileyo, alala phantsi kumgangatho owenzekileyo kwaye ezenza umsebenzi onzima kwaye omnyama kwi-novices ezinzima.
Ubuqaqawuli bamanzi monastere bakhula, kwaye inani le-inok lalisanda unyaka wonke unyaka nonyaka. Indawo yokuhlala eyandisiweyo, kwakhiwa iitempile ezintsha. Enye yazo yicawe yokuthathelwa kweyona themokoko eNgcwele kakhulu - yaqala ukwakhiwa ngexesha lokuphila kwabangcwele kwaye igcinwe unanamhla. I-ropot yophawu ekungeneni kwesigxina kubantu abavavanyi baqondwa ngokuthobeka. Imonki izamile ukushiya nabani na ngaphandle kwemiyalelo kunye namagama entuthuzelo.
Ukuhamba kwabancedi abanqwenela ukunceda ilungiselelo lemonakalo alizange liyeke. Nangona kunjalo, ayingawo onke amaxhoba athatyathwe yindoda endala. Kanye, i-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-I-Icelames yasalana isisiphelo, esithi isandla soMthetho siya kwenziwa, kuba wabetha umama wakhe. I-Teek Chstssings ye-Alexander yesilumko yasasaza abantu ukuba baguquke kunye notshintsho ebomini.
Phakathi kwabazalwana, umhlawuli wayonwabela isinyanzeliso nothando, abo baphila ubomi bamgqala umthambo. UAlexander Svirky wabona ukuba wafa bakhe wafa, wanyula abaviwa kwangaphambili, abaza kuthatha indawo ye-onuntu. I-Saser iNgena, ukuze indawo yokuphumla kwakhe yintlango yenkunkuma. Umdala wafudukela eNkosini ekwelukhuni nzulu, xa ingenguye, xa ingenguye okwisiko lokuqonda unobangela wokufa. Kwakungekho ngo-1533, nge-30 ka-Agasti, okuthathwa ngumhla wememori kunye no-Epreli 17 -ukuwa komhla wokufunyanwa kwabangcwele.
I-canonis kunye nememori
Isalathiso saqala ukufunda nzima emva kokufa. I-IRume Irodion, umfundi kunye noMlandeli, ngo-1545 inkcazo yayenziwe, apho wathetha khona malunga nokuxhatshazwa kunye nemimangaliso yomdala. Kwiminyaka emibini kamva, inyathelo leMetropolitan Metropolitan Makaria lahlula ikakhulu labasebenzi be-Alexander Svirsky basekwa ukubuyela umva.
Inkumbulo yakho, umntu osidlayo ushiye ileta yokomoya nemithandazo, apho amaKristu asakha amandla nobulumko unanamhla. U-Orthodox ufunda i-Akahlaty engcwele, gcina izindlu zemifanekiso yakhe kwaye wenze oohambo kwi-Alexander Svir Monastery ekukhangeleni intuthuzelo kunye nokuphilisa. Kwiminyaka yaseSoviet, inkampu yabasebenzi edibeneyo yacwangciswa kwintsimi yayo, kwaye ukusukela ngo-1998, iimonki zaye zadluliselwa ngokusemthethweni kubaphathi beCawa yobuOthodoki baseRussia.
Owona mmandla uphambili weemonki yi-Alexander engafunekiyo, evuleleke kumonde kwimvume yeNkosi. Okokuqala ngqa, iziqwenga zifunyenwe ngo-1641 kwifomu enzulu. Ngexesha leminyaka yamandla eSoviet onomhlaza kunye nezixhobo, uAlexander Svirky warhoxiswa, kwaye ezo zinto ixesha elide zazithathwa njengengaphathwanga.
Ngo-1990s, iKhomishini eYodwa yaqalisa isifundo ngokudibanisa ii-anthropologists, oochwephesha be-rootomos, kwaye ngenxa yemikhonto yengcwele baphinde bafumana kwakhona babuyela kwimonki. Namhlanje, uPilgrim unokujamelana neebhulukhwe kunye neenyawo zengcwele, engagutyungelwanga nokusetyenziswa, kwaye uqiniseke ukuba isiqingatha senkulungwane ayizange sinikezele kwindawo yethutyana.