Biography
I-Aris Merdock ibizwa ngokuba ngomnye wababhali baseBritani benkulungwane yama-20. Ilifa lakhe libandakanya imisebenzi engama-26 enomdla engeyiyo enye yesizukulwana seencwadi. Umfazi onetalente wachitha uncwadi ubomi bonke, ngaphandle kwento yokuba bekukho ubunzima obukhulu kwikamva lakhe.Ubuntwana noLutsha
I-bin kaJin Iris Reandock yaqala ngoJulayi 15, 1919 kwikomkhulu laseIreland - Dublin. Utata wakhe wayeyiCaltollorist kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuqala, kwaye kamva wabhalisa kwiNkonzo yoLuntu. Intombazana yamama yayiyimvumi ye-opera opera. Abantu abancinci baqala ukudibana eDublin, kwaye ngo-1918 bazibophelela emtshatweni. Kunyaka kamva, intombi yavela entsatsheni.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyNgo-1920, i-Iris, kunye nabazali bakhe, yafudukela eLondon. Ikwidolophu enkulu yaseNgilani eyaqhutywa ngumbhali. Ngaphandle koku, iingxaki zendandla yaseIreland zihlala zenzakalisa umfazi ukuba aphile, akazange aphambise imvelaphi yakhe. Kudliwanondlebe, umbhali okhankanya ukuba ubuntwana bakhe bonwabile, kwaye umanyano lwaKho nabazali bakhe babiza "uBathathu Emnye ogqibeleleyo."
UMondi uphumelele kwisikolo esizimeleyo kwiRochempton, emva koko wangena esikolweni amantombazana eBristol. Ngo-1938, waba ngumfundi weKholeji yaseThota yaseTisesville, yeYunivesithi yaseOxford. Ekuqaleni, le ntombazana yafunda kwi-English, yaza kamva yaqalisa ukufunda i-Antique kunye noncwadi lwaseBritani. Ngo-1942 wafumana idiploma ye-1 ye-1, yaphumelela kwikholeji ngokugqibeleleyo.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyQhubeka nemfundo iris ayiphumelelanga ngenxa yesiqalo semfazwe. Emva kokufunda, waya kusebenza kwi-Ofisi yezeziMali, kwaye ngo-1944 wafudukela kwi-UNISI-PRORY KAKHULU, apho yasungulwa iminyaka emi-2. Ngo-1947, le ntombazana ingena kumfundi wasemva kwesidanga seKholeji entsha kwiYunivesithi yaseCambridge, eqala ukufunda intanda-bulumko.
Kulutsha lwemihlathi, utitshala woMfundisi wefilosofi kwikholeji ka-Saint Anne kwiYunivesithi yaseOxford. Lo msebenzi wawusasazekile kwiminyaka eli-15 yobomi bakhe. I-Oxford yaba yindawo eyomileyo yayo: yayilapha apho ezona ziganeko zibaluleke kakhulu kwibhayiloji yakhe zazisenzeka.
Iincwadi
Ukubhala uMgodi ongumsebenzi waqala kade. I-Novel yakhe ye-Debut, eyayinomxholo othi "Ngaphantsi kweNethiwekhi", yapapashwa ngo-1954. Kumfazi, ukubhala amabali eyokuqala yayingumsebenzi wase-Amateur. Uye waqulunqa ukukhululwa ngokusemthethweni incwadi yakhe, kodwa imizamo yokuqala yoncwadi ngaphambi kokuba ibonakaliswe luluntu oluninzi.Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyAbagxeki bamkelwe "phantsi kwenethiwekhi" eyahlukileyo ngokupheleleyo: Umntu othandwayo, kwaye umntu othile wawala umdibaniso wobunzima bezithethe ze-plutovsky kunye nefilosofi. Kwixa elizayo, le ncwadi yangena kuluhlu lwe "100 ezingenamali zokuthetha isiNgesi ezithetha isiNgesi ngawo onke amaxesha" ngokwephephabhuku lexesha. Umsebenzi wetyala wakwa-Iris waba yenye ye-bibliography yayo yonke i-biblicy yohlobo oluhlekisayo.
Ukuthatha isigqibo sokubandakanyeka kwabasebenzi bobhaliso ngobungcali, kwaqalisa ukwenza ngemveliso kwaye ngokuzithemba. Emva kweminyaka emi-2 emva kwempumelelo yokuqala kwizinto zokubala zevenkile yeencwadi, incwadi yakhe yesibini ibizwa ngokuba "yibaleke kwi-wizard", eyayichukunyiswe kakhulu yintanda-bulumko ethandwayo.
Ngo-1953, ibhinqa ladala incwadi malunga ne-jean-filre. Ekuqaleni kwendlela yakhe yokuyila, enomdla kwintanda-bulumko yokungasebenzi, le ntombazana iphenjelelwa ziinoveli zalo mbhali njengo "Wall" kunye "ne-nausea".
Ukuphela kweminyaka yoo-1960 kwaphawulwa ngokupapashwa koluhlu lweencwadi, kubizwa ngokuba ngabaphandi bendalo "kumaRoma": "I-Inicorn lixesha", "Italian". Kubo, uphonononga impembelelo kwindoda enezinto ezonakalisayo.
Itekisi ye-Comic iqhubekile emsebenzini we "rose zasendle". Kuyo, ibhinqa lakwazi ukuzibonakalisa njengombhali ongenantlonelo, kunye nokuqhubeka kwezinto ezihlanjululiweyo ezibekwe ezincwadini zoncwadi lwaseBritani. I-Roma elungileyo malunga nenkululeko, uthando nomtshato, kwaye umbhali ufundisisa ubudlelwane phakathi kwezi phenomena. Ngo-1974, kwakhutshwa ifilimu eli-4 kumabonwakude waseMelika, ongenanto yale ncwadi.
I-1970s ibonakaliswa kukukhula kwe-iris njengombhali. Wayefuna ukuqhubeka nezithethe ezibekelwe nguShakespeare, ongumzekelo wokuziphatha okuhle. Umbhali wambalisa abafundi bakhe kwimibongo yeholo yeholo yethiyetha kwaye wadala iinguqulelo zayo zezahlulo zoncwadi zakudala. Umjikelo weShakespeares ubandakanya imisebenzi enjengokuthi "yengxaki kaJackson", "inkosana enkulu", "ulwandle, ulwandle". Amaqhawe afumileyo afumene intsingiselo ehlaziyiweyo evela kumda kwaye watshintsha ingqalelo yakhe ekufumaneni intsingiselo yobomi kunye nokulunga.
Ixesha elinzima lobomi bakhe bokuyila uIris wabuyela ukuphefumlela ukusuka ePlato. Waqala ukucamngca ngeencwadi zakhe malunga nokufumana ubomi bokuziphatha, umyinge wobuxoki kunye nenyani. Kumsebenzi we "ndoda engaqhelekanga", ibhinqa laphikisana ngesiphelo sokuziphatha, kwaye lahlola ingxaki yokuziphatha koxanduva lomntu ngamnye, esebenzisa indlela yokugcwalisa.
I-Romari Iris "iNkosana yeBlack", ngokwesiko ithathiwe ukuba yeyona ilungileyo, yaphuma ngo-1973. Lo msebenzi umele utoliko lombhali webali le-hamlet. Kwakhona, abagxeki boncwadi babalwa kwiPlatonovsky Series.
"Inkosana enkulu" ibonakaliswa yinto yokomfuziselo kunye nobulumko, kunye nokugcwaliswa kwezimvo zentanda-bulumko. Ulwakhiwo olunzima lwelize luthathelwa indawo ngokubonakalayo komlinganiswa ophambili. Yiyo loo nto, incwadi yajika yaba nzima, kodwa inomdla kakhulu. Ukongeza, umbhali akayi kutolisha ngokupheleleyo inoveli ngokubingelela ukhetho oluncinci lokutolikwa kwakhe. Inoveli, inovezo yaseJamani iJamani kwaye ityunjelwe ipremiyamu ye-bucker, ukugxekwa ngokugxeka ngovuyo.
Ubuchule bombhali we-1980 buphawulwe kukwanda kwecandelo lomdlalo, kwaqala ukwenza iinoveli njengokuphindaphinda, iintsingiselo ezahlukeneyo zentsingiselo, i-manuzias, iireferensi. "Isikolo" samaRoma ", epapashwe ngo-1985, ethetha malunga nengqondo yengqondo, ongumntu obini nedemon, kunye ne-wizard oyithandayo.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyImisebenzi yokugqibela ebhalwe yi-meyity ilahlekile i-prorm engapheliyo yeprobs, eyayikholelwa emsebenzini wakhe kwangoko. Bomeleza indlela yokuziphatha. Umbhali wokugqibela weNovel, opapashwe ngo-1992, wabizwa ngokuba "yi-jackson kaJackson".
Ngo-1987, i-Iris yanikezelwa isihloko esithi "uNjingalwazi Oxford". Unyaka olandelayo, waba ngumnini webhaso elibalulekileyo leShakespeare. Ukongeza, ngo-1989, umfazi wanikwa olona phawu luphezulu "nenenekazi lomphathi woBukhosi baseBritane", yaye ngo-1997 - ibhaso leGold "leeNkonzo kuLwazi lweBritani.
Ubomi Buqu
Kubomi bobuqu baseIris sasinda emi-2 ebaluleke kakhulu: Ngexesha lemfazwe, wasweleka amadoda amthandayo - i-franz steiner kunye noFrank Thompson. Ngesi sizathu, ixesha elide umfazi akaphumelelanga ukubopha ubudlelwane obukhulu.
Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyEbutsheni bamalunga nama-50s, kwahlangatyezwa nge-Oxford kunye nomntu osebenza naye ogama linguJohn Bailey. Wayesebenza njengombhali, umbhali kunye nokugxekwa koncwadi, ukuze indoda kunye nabafazi babenomdla omkhulu. Ngo-1956, babezibophelela kumaqhina omtshato kwaye babengahlukanga de kwasweleka umbhali omkhulu. Esi sibini sasingenabo abantwana.
Inyaniso enomdla kukuba emva kokufa iris, umyeni wakhe waqulunqa incwadi yebhayiloji kunye neefoto zoovimba, ezazifunwa yifilimu edumileyo "e-Oscar". Ngaphandle koku, vala ukohlwaya kunye ne-goone waqondwa yile ncwadi, ukuxabanisa ukuba iziganeko zebhayiloji yakhe zazigqwethekile kwaye zazibhokoxa.
Ukufa
I-IRIS MEROCAT, YAKHO OBUCHULE BUYABONELELWA NGABE LOLUNTU LONKE, KWIMINYAKA YABASEBENZI BUKUFUNDILEYO kwisifo sika-Alzheimer's. Le yayingunobangela wokufa kwakhe.Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyUlahlekelwe yimemori, ukungakwazi kuqhubeka nemisebenzi yengqondo, kwaye wayengakwazi ukuzikhonza. Zonke iingxaki zambathisa umyeni wakhe, owayenze yonke into eyafunyanwa lo mfazi.
Nge-8 kaFebruwari ka-1999, i-Iris Mordock yasweleka. Umbhali ushiyele iLifa elikhulu.
Iikowuti
"Uthando lulapho embindini wendalo iphela kwaye ungene komnye umntu" "Fumana-oku kuyazifunda kakhulu amehlo ahluke ngokupheleleyo" "yonke imicimbi yoluntu ayinamehlo, kodwa kufuneka Baphathe ngokunzulu "I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1954 - "phantsi kwenethiwekhi"
- Ngo-1957 - "Inqaba eseSanti"
- Ngo-1963 - "Unicorn"
- Ngo-1964 - "Italian"
- Ngo-1969 - "ukulala bruno"
- Ngo-1970 - "Ukulahleka okuqinisekileyo"
- Ngo-1975 - "Ukufa Kwelizwi"
- Ngo-1978 - "Ulwandle, ulwandle"
- Ngo-1993 - "Lunight Knight"
- Ngo-1995 - "Ingxaki kaJackson"