Imbali yomlinganiswa
Ingonyama uNikolayevich Tolstoy - Umbhali wentanda-bulumko, ukhuthaza ukusilela kobubi ngogonyamelo. Ibali "Haji Murat", linikezelwe kumntu okhoyo, lukhanyisa ngokuqaqambileyo lo mgaqo.Imbali yendalo yempawu
Umfana oneminyaka engamashumi amabini ananye oneminyaka engamashumi amabini ananye oneminyaka engamashumi amabini ananye uTolstoy ungene kwiCaucasus kwaye uthathe inxaxheba kwimfazwe. Kwiidayari zakhe, iziganeko ezinxulumene noHaji Murat zikhankanywa rhoqo. Ukuthandwa kwalomntu kwakubuhlungu, ngoko uMbhali womsebenzi wakhetha i-hadji-murat ephezulu ye-prototyper yegorha lomsebenzi. Imbono yebali elamkelweyo ngo-1896. Umbhali waba nenzondelelo yokufunda kwi-biography yemfazwe kunye nolandelelwano lwezinto ezenzeka kwiCaucasus. Ngo-1897, imizobo yokuqala yebali yavela.
Ngo-1898, isincoko esibini sokudalwa sivele. Oku kwalandelwa ngeminyaka emithathu yomsebenzi ofuna ukungena okubi kakhulu kwintsingiselo yemibuzo nokufunda izibakala. Ngo-1902, umsebenzi waba kwinqanaba lokugqibela lomsebenzi. Kodwa uTolstoy wagqiba ekubeni akwazisele kumlinganiso we-nicholas i, kwaye umbhali kwafuneka afundele ezinye izixhobo. Yenziwe ngo-Pages yokugqibela ngo-1904.
UHaji murat wayengumgorha ongoyiki. Ubulumko bomphathi-bamangalisa abame abamele bafani nalo hlanga. Ukuhlaselwa kwenkokeli yeCovalry yayisaziwa njengobukrwada nokuzithemba, kunye nokubuyela umva. I-Tolstoy ivuyisiwe ukuba i-Haji muratu ikwazile ukujikeleza umnwe womphathi onobulumko - iNkosana iPrince Vorontsov kunye nePrince Argutinsky-Dolgarukovukova.
Intsingiselo yegama lamaSilamsi lichazwa nje. Iguqulelwe kwi-Arabic Murat ithetha "ekugxilwe kuyo", kunye ne-Hajj - "Pilgrimage". UHaji murat wazalelwa eHunzach. Iimbono zakhe zezopolitiko zitshintshwe ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto azithandayo.
Wayengumcebisi kunye nomncedisi wamaRussia, emva kweminyaka eli-15 wakhonza njengomkhuseli wemidla ye-Imam Shamil, owenze i-AVART i-ADJI YOBUCHULE BAKHO. Eyona nto iphambili kwigorha labumi imigaqo yobuqu kunye nezinto onomdla kuzo. Nge-22, inkokeli yabahlali iHongzakh ikwazile ukubamba amandla kwaye igcine iminyaka eli-9, kwicala elikwindawo ejongene nehlabathi ngeShamil.
Waxhasa imikhosi yaseRussia kwaye wahlala kwintendelezo emva kokubanjwa kweHongzakh. Ke umntu waba ngumphathi womkhosi ongu-avari, enombala omncinci eKhanson-ahmeda. Kungekudala ngenxa yembambano yakhe kunye neKhaji-Murat yayityholwa ngokuvutha komsindo kwaye igxothwe kwindawo yokuhlala, apho ishiyiwe iqhagamshelwe phantsi kweliso le-convoy.
Igorha likwazile ukubaleka. Emva koko, waba "yisandla sasekunene" sotshaba lwamva nje - uShamil. Ngokudibeneyo, amaSilamsi ayebanjwa eneminyaka eli-10 ubudala yokoyika isiRashiya, ukulungiselela ukuntywila kunye nemisebenzi yokohlwaya. Kodwa ubuhlobo kunye ne-imam bafika esiphelweni ngenxa yokulungela komphathi onesibindi.
Kwisiphelo sengqungquthela, waba yintsholongwane. Imfazwe yokurhoxisa yasamkela ukufa kumlo omde onegazi, apho wayejamelene namajoni aliqela. Nditsho ndalimala, waqhubeka nokubetha uhlaselo. UHaji muratt owenziwe nge-cliptha yentloko.
I-Tale "haji murat"
Umxholo webali uxela iHerbrom Avarza, echasene nemikhosi yaseRussia kwiCaucasus. Emva kokumshiya i-Imam, wafihla kwi-chechen Aul, emva koko wasaba. Iqhawe lagqiba kwelokuba liye kwintengiselwano yabachasi kwaye yaqala ukunceda amaRussia. Uqokelele isicwangciso soloyiso ngaphezulu kwe-imam kunye nenkululeko yosapho, owayethinjiwe nguShamil.
Ukuba kwimeko ye-cathive, i-Hiji Murat ifumana ulwamkelo olufudumeleyo kubahlobo abatsha. Iprinti ye-Worth ConrontSova irekhoda i-biography ye-anyvar, kwaye umfundi uba lingqina kwiziganeko ezibalulekileyo zobomi boqhawe. Ngenxa yobunkokeli bomphathiswa wezamkhosi we-Cbutyshes, isivumelwano kunye ne-haji murat ye-haji muratt yehla, kwaye uyabaleka. Ngenxa yokugxotha, umlo onesibindi uyaphuma ukuba aqeqeshelwe. Ibulawa, kwaye zizisa intloko kwinkosana.
Isibindi sikaHaji-Murat woyisa iintaba ngokwabo. Wayesoloko echasa amagosa amahle emikhosi yaseRussia, njengoko umlo wanyulwa kunye neshishini. Xa usenza umsebenzi, uTolstoy waphefumlelwa kukungabi nako ukungoyiki kunye nokuzimisela kwigorha lakhe. Indoda enothando nenesibindi yalwa ubomi bonke.
Ngenxa yosapho, waya kwizivumelwano ezingathandekiyo kwaye waba libanjwa. Inkalipho enkulu, eyazisukela iinjongo zakhe, yayingekufuni ukulala eRussia, iqonda ukuba ngekhe afumane izisombululo zabo kwingxaki yabo.
Ukukhusela
Ingonyama iTolstoy yayingeyiyo kuphela igcisa, elachukunyiswe ngabalandeli bakaHaji Murat. Abalawuli be-USSR, iTurkey no-Itali badale izikhululo zefilimu esekwe kwincwadi yombhali. Ifilimu yokuqala "yidemon emhlophe" - yaphuma ngo-1930 e-USSR. Umlawuli u-Alexander Volkov umenyelwe kwindima enkulu kwifilimu ye-Aator Ivana Mozroshin.
Ngo-1959, i-Itali yase-Italiya uFredya isuse ifilimu yeKHugi Murat - iMfuno emhlophe ngokuthatha inxaxheba kukaSteve Rivza. Ngo-1968, iprojekthi ye-endonymous yadalwa eTurkey. Indima ephambili kwifilimu yenziwa nguGünit yeKünit. Kwaye ngo-1966, uGeorgy Deiaaty waba ziziganeko zembali ezibandakanya uHasji murat. URasul Gamzatov wabhala iskripthi somfanekiso, kodwa ifilimu yayingavunyelwa ukuba idubule iSoviet.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- Ukusebenza ekudalweni kwebali, i-LEV Nikolayevich Tolstoy ifundwe isixa esikhulu sezinto. Wayefuna ukuthembeka ngokuthembekileyo kudlulisela umlinganiswa kunye nokubonakala kwegorha elinjengemfazwe, kunye nokuchaza ngokuchanekileyo izibakala zembali. Ukubhala umzobo wokuqala, umbhali ufunde amaphepha angaphezu kwama-5,000 eerekhodi kunye nezixhobo. Ibali libonisa idatha ayifundileyo kuVimba kunye namaxwebhu asemthethweni.
- Inkalipho netempile kaHaji Murattus yoyisa ubuninzi bothando, kwaye wada wadibana nesalamane samanqanaba aphezulu. Unyana ka-Antir Gullaha kwimbalelwano ekwabelwana ngayo nombhali ubomi bukaYise.
- UTolstoy akazange azabalazele uhlelo loHajimul kwaye akazange avumele ibali ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe. Eso yayisisigqibo sombhali. Emva kokuba efile, epapashe incwadi ebizwa ngokuba yi- "Pomendumumous Artworks l.n. I-Tolstoy, "apho ibali lingeniswe khona. Upapashwe eMoscow ngo-1912, emva kokwenza i-udits ngokwemigaqo yokubelekwa. EBerlin, kwangalo nyaka, le ncwadi yenziwa ngaphandle kokuhlela. Abafundi baseRussia baqala ukufunda ngokupheleleyo ibali ngo-1917.