Imbali yomlinganiswa
"Ngaphezulu kwenzonzobila e-rys kwi-rye" ngowona msebenzi udumileyo we-american jerome sallinger. IRoma yapapashwa ngo-1951. Oyena mlinganiswa wakhe wayekwishumi elivisayo. UBuntar oselula uyatshaya, ufunga kunye nokukhalaza ngeentlungu ezinzulu ezifunyanwa ngenxa yobuntu. Kunyaka wokuqala emva kopapasho, le ncwadi yahlulwa ngokusasazwa kwezigidi ezingama-60 iikopi. Umfanekiso wegorha le-ausoal wakhutshwa kwincopho yokuthandwa.Imbali yendalo yempawu
I-salinger iphindaphindwe kaninzi ekufumaneni imisebenzi ephindaphindiweyo kwiinjongo "ngaphezulu kwenzonzobila kwi-ryse". Ezinye iindinyana kunye nezincoko ezimfutshane zangena kule ncwadi, ziba ziintloko. Umzekelo, "i-riot i-riot kwiMadison-Avenue" yincwadi ye-17. Kule msebenzi, i-Colflen Colflen ikhule kumaphepha enoveli eyaziwayo. Kwibali "Crazy" Umbhali unike iingcebiso ngenxa yeziganeko ezimbalwa kwinoveli.
URoma wayewa phantsi kumshicileli iminyaka emibini ngaphambi kokukhululwa. Ngesizathu esithile, uhlelo lwalo lwalubanjiwe. Incwadi epapashwe ngo-1951 yaba luphawu lokungangqinelani. IGAMA LEGAMA LENKONZO YENZA ISELWANO YOKUGQIBELA, ETHUMBI EBONAKALISEKILEYO KULWIMI LUFUNA "Hlala kwimimandla enomdaka." Umfana oneminyaka elishumi elinesithandathu ubudala unqunyanyisiwe eluntwini kwaye uzama ukukhuphela abafowunelwa noluntu.
"Ngaphezulu kwenzonzobila ye-ryse" ngumsebenzi wemfazwe owawudalwa ngexesha lokudideka koluntu. Kwinoveli kukho i-storgint yengozi. Kwimibhalo enjalo, amaqhawe ahlala efumana ingxaki eqhubekayo okanye engazizazi zoluntu zanamhlanje.
Ethukile kwaye badidekile abakwazi kuzifumana. Abazishiyi ngendlela yabo, kodwa baqhubeke ngaphandle kwenjongo. I-Colfled Coflin ibhekisa kwinani labalinganiswa abafanayo. Ukongeza, i-sallinger ichaza kwinoveli kunye nebhayoloji yayo.
I-DEARD. I-IntMorver, ayikwazi ukwamkela ezayo izibonelelo, lo mfana uphulukene nentonga engaphakathi kwaye ukufuna inkxaso yokuziphatha. Iimvakalelo zeqhawe ziyanda. Ubona yonke into eyenzekayo ngokunzulu kwaye ibuhlungu. Lo mfana ubonakala uyazi ukuba wayeyazi into yobomi, ngoko ke iyacaphukisa, ingachazwanga kulwazi olufihlakeleyo. Kuyo yonke indawo apho kukho umntu obambeleyo. Ukusuka kwiimveliso ezineemvakalelo zomntu kunye neentsingiselo.
Kuba akunamsebenzi nokuba uthathwe ngumntu, akukho nanye yamatyala aziswe kude kube sekupheleni. Lo ndoda ayizongezi zincwadi esikolweni kwaye azizami ukuguqulela uthando lokuqala kwimvakalelo enzulu. Umbuzo osisigxina "Kutheni le nto" "ihamba phambi kwakhe, inyanzela ukuba ivume ngezenzo. Kubamba, akukho nto ivakalayo.
IRomani "ngaphezulu kokuthathwa kweRye"
Umsebenzi yinkcazo yokuhamba komntwana okwishumi elivisayo, wemka esikolweni. I-Podnap inxenye, oyena mntu wagqiba kwelokuba ahlale ehotele ngaphambi kokuba agoduke kwaye anike abazali ithuba lokuphila. I-Poston ikwimo yokusasazwa luluntu kunye nehlabathi. Indoda ayinabahlobo abasondeleyo.
Uba krwada kwaye apele abo banomdla kuyo. Ishawa yendodana iyafuneka kumnyhadala ophawula umhlaba oya kukhokelela kwimilinganiselo yokuziphatha. Ufuna ukubonakala ngathi ngumntu omdala, usela kunye nokutshaya, ukhathalele "amabhabhathane ebusuku, kodwa ufikelela kwenye indlela enqwenelekayo.
Ubomi obuzimeleyo obufutshane xa ukungabikho kwengcinezelo yabazali nootitshala kukhokelela kwinto yokuba iDolden yenza into engalindelekanga. Kuyavela ukuba unembopheleleko nesazela, ubukho babo bengakwazi ukuchaneka. Indoda inika umhlobo, uSally, ukubaleka. Kodwa, ukuba ifumene intombazana eyaziwayo, erhabaxa.
Udadewabo omncinci uPhoebe ulungele ukufika, njengoko ungacingi malunga necala lezinto zeshishini. I-Lumbensen iqala ukuqonda ukuba yintoni inkathalo. Kuya kufuneka acinge kwangaphambili kwaye acwangcise. Inkululeko, eyathi iqhawe igorha iza kuye ngokuyeka ukuntywila. Uvavanyo lokuqala luba luxanduva. Ukulibala malunga ne-bias, ngoncedo lwe-feebe feben luza kulwa ukwamkelwa, ukulila koxinzelelo kwaye kuqala ukuthanda.
Iimpawu zomlinganiswa ophambili wokuchasana. Umfanekiso wakhe wengqondo yabazali abaninzi abakwishumi elivisayo. Ngalo lonke uvavanyo kunye nokuba krwada, imbaleki ibonakalisa ububele, nentliziyo, iitalente kunye nemfundo. Unehlabathi lokomoya elityebileyo.
Iimpawu ezifanelekileyo zikufuphi nokungakhathali kunye nokungafihlisi. Ucinga ukuba umntu ocinga ukuba unesifo-ndoda kunye naye, ukuxabana malunga neqhina elicaphukisayo. Ukuchasana naye, iqhawe liyabaleka.
Ulixoki elifuna ubomi obutsha. Ilizwe lezinto ezinqabileyo, apho i-doadded ifuna ukuya, ayizamkelanga. Ukunqongophala kokuzimisela kunye nobukho besazela kukhokelela ekuqinisekiseni nokuguquka, ukuqonda ngeziphoso zabo. Ukuphuphuma, angathanda ukuba ngumtsalane wemiphefumlo yabantwana engaphezulu kwe-precidice. Lo mfo waba ngabo, becela lo dade ukuba angaphelelwe endlwini.
I-Sallinger ichaze ukungqubana kwe-intrapernating yomlinganiso kumhlaba wokungazi nto. Ngelishwa i-gorha ngaxeshanye balule abantu, babathiyile. Ufuna ukukhula ngokukhawuleza, kodwa anamathele kwixesha elininzi. Emva kwayo yonke into enesithukuthezi, kwaye ngaphambili ayinto engaziwayo. I-doadden ibona isithukuthezi njengesisombululo kwaye kwangaxeshanye sisombulula imibuzo yakhe.
Kwisiphelo seRoma, umfana oselula ubuya usapho. Kwizicwangciso zakhe, uhambo oluya entshona. Lo dade uceba ukuhamba naye, kwaye i-Assen inyanzelekile ukuba ixele iingxoxo ezifanelekileyo zokumkhulula. Umfana kufuneka ayeke iiplani, eziqonda umgangatho wokukhathazeka kwakhe. Ishawa echazwe ngumbhali ekupheleni kwesahluko sokugqibela sehla incoko yabamba, ukutshiza, ukwenzakala emphefumlweni. Ke kukho iqhawe elikhulayo lesalinger.
Ukukhusela
UJerome Sallinger uvinjelwe inoveli "ngaphezulu kweRya." Emva kwemvume kuye, abadlali abadumileyo nabangumlawuli weHollywood banyangwa, kodwa impendulo yayingalingani. Umbhali wasweleka ngo-2010, kwaye enganikeli mveliso yakhe kwi-cinematographic uqhubeke. Ngaphandle koku, iinjongo zesincoko esiphambili sesalinger zasetyenziswa rhoqo kwindalo yemovie.
UDustin Hoffman, olonakeleyo ngo-1967 kwifilimu mike nichols, "wacela indima ye-Arvemed. I-echobe yeenjongo zesa-siltinger zijongwa kwi-tepi "yeholide". Lo ngumfanekiso wokuqala kaJim Jarmuse ngeChris Parker kwindima ekhokelayo.
Ngo-2017, kwakhutshwa ifilimu kwizikhuselo ze-cinemas ezibizwa ngokuba "ngenzonzobila ye-rye". Ifilimu Danile Danic Abagxeki abomeleleyo bathathwe kunye nediliya. Abadlali bakaKevin Spaysy kunye neNicholas Holt bamenyelwa kwindima ephambili. Esi sisivumelwano sebhayiloji ye-jerome kaJallinger, sishiya imibuzo kubaphulaphuli kunye nabalandeli boyilo lombhali.
Iinyani ezinomdla
- Ngexesha ukusuka ngo-1960 ukuya ku-1980, "ngaphezulu kwenzonzobila yeRye" wavalelwa ukuthengisa kwiivenkile zencwadi kunye nokufunda kumathala eencwadi aseMelika. Ngaphandle kwezithintelo, inoveli ibisoloko iyonwabela inzala yoluntu, njengoko ichaziwe imibuzo kanaphakade.
- Kwinkumbulo yeqhawe, amanani athile abucala adala iiprojekthi ezingaqhelekanga, kwaye iinkwenkwezi zanamhlanje zihombisa umzimba wabo nge tattoo. I-oxeron ilungisiwe.
- Kwiiprojekthi ezininzi zobugcisa kunye neefoto, apho i-Collen Complen Commen ibonakaliswa, imbonakalo yayo kunzima ukuyichaza, kuba ababhali beguqukela ekuthini. Kodwa banikezela ngokungacacanga iqhawe lenoveli nge-cap yokuzingela ebomvu, awayeyifumana eNew York.
- I-salinger yabhala inoveli ngaphambili. Izahluko ezithandathu "ngaphezulu kwe-distle eRye" zazalwa ngexesha lamehlo.
- Ngo-1942, umbhali weza esibhedlela kunye nesifo esophula umthetho. Imvakalelo kunye neemvakalelo zinxulumene naye nge-dollen colfeeld.