Biography
Ukufumana izipho nge-8 Matshi Izipho kunye nezipho ezinesiqingatha esihle, esinesiqingatha sele silibele ukuba le holide inyanzelekile ukuba le holide inyanzelekile ukuba i-rollistries i-rosembourg ubango yendawo yokuqala. I-biography ye-rography ngokwayo ikwiindawo zokuhamba ngeentyatyambo-ubomi bakhe babugcwele umzabalazo, iingcinga ezisebenzayo kunye nemizamo yokutshintsha i-odolo yeHlabathi, eyokugqibela ikhokelele kwi-tragic junction.Ubuntwana noLutsha
URosalia wazalwa ngo-1871 kwintsimi yePoland, ethi ngaloo mihla yayiyinxalenye yoBukhosi baseRussia. Kwintsapho etyebileyo yamaYuda, uLuenburg waphinda waba nabantwana abahlanu, kwaye uRosa wayesemncinci. Emva kokuzalwa, intombazana yenzekile ukuba ilahle izinqe, kwaye ngenxa yoko wafumana ukonzakala okungapheliyo, ngenxa yoko kushiywe ebomini.
Izifo zomzimba azizange zithintele i-marxist yexesha elizayo igqibezela i-gorncium eWarsaw. Ibanjwe kwindalo, wafunda kakuhle, wathetha ngeelwimi ezintathu - iPoland, isiJamani nesiRashiya. Ngelixa ngelixa i-guynasium, le ntombazana yaphefumlelwa yimibono yoguquko, ifuna ukubona kuyo yonke ibhinqa, kwaye ilungelo lokuthembeka, ityala elithembekileyo.
I-Luxembourg sele iqhubekile intshutshiso yokuqala eneminyaka eli-18, ngenxa yayo yemka eSwitzerland, apho yaba ngumfundi weyunivesithi yaseZurich. Apha uRosa waqalisa ukufunda iiSayensi zeMithetho, ezopolitiko nezoqoqosho. Ukusebenza kwezopolitiko okusebenzayo kwabelwe intombazana eyabelwe imvelaphi yabanye, kwaye yajika yaba yinkokeli yentshukumo yabafundi.
Ezopolitiko
URosa Luxembourg wayedume ngokuba i-therist ye-marxism, isithandi-sobulumko kunye nentatheli. Ibhinqa lilandela izimvo zokuguqula, likhusela iinjongo zentando yesininzi. Ukuqala umsebenzi wezopolitiko ePoland, intombazana yaqhubeka ikhankanyisela eSwitzerland naseJamani. Kwimidlalo e-antimemaricary ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, iRose iqhubekile kangako, iqhutywa kwisigqibo seminyaka emi-4.
Emva kokuba ungene kwinkcaso esemthethweni yePalamente yeDyunivesithi yaseJamani, eli bhinqa ekugqibeleni lalishiya le ntlangano, lahlala kunye nabantu abathandabuzekayo kaKarl Lightknecht "I-Union Parartak", emva koko uMbutho wamaKomanisi waseJamani.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngaphandle kwento yokuba iRomalia ukususela ebuntwaneni yayibonakala ngathi yintshontsho elimnandi, ubomi bakhe buqu babunesaqhwithi. Ukukhula kwe-150 cm kwaye i-chromota ayizange iphazamise ibhinqa labantu abanomtsalane ngamadoda ane-charsma kunye neentetho zomlilo. Uye wadibana nothando lokuqala eSwitzerland ebusweni bukaLeo joghes, awayenalo lowo wasondela emhlabeni wezopolitiko. Imanyano ihlala iminyaka eli-16, nangona yayingazange ibizelwe ngokusemthethweni: Intloko yanyanzelisa ukuba i-rosa izinikele ngokupheleleyo kumzabalazo wezopolitiko, ungacingi malunga nabantwana kunye nentuthuzelo yentsapho.
Nangona kunjalo, "i-valkyrietion i" ValkyrieReutite "yayingengomntu ungamkanga nanye umntu, kwaye waphupha usapho olungaphantsi kakhulu ngaphandle kokubekwa kwengqondo yentlalo. I-Luxembourg utshatele ayitshatanga eluthandweni, kodwa ukwenzela ukuhlala eJamani, ngenxa yoko iGustav Lübeck, eneneni, yaba ngumyeni okrelekrele.
Ngamanye amadoda, uRosa wayehlala ngaphandle komtshato, phakathi kwabo yayinguTonstantin - unyana wenguqu edumileyo eCollity Clara Zetkin, uthando oluphumayo, nangona lo mtshato uneminyaka eli-14 ubudala. Ngenxa yoko, i-lover encinci ishiya umfazi ngenxa yenye, kwaye wadibana negqwetha likaPawulos, nalo mncinci kunaye. Kodwa olu lwalamano lwalulinde i-finsele elusizi, ngenxa yoko kulungiswa ngu-Luxembourg ukuba ngoku ubomi bakhe busidlangalaleni.
Ukufa
Ngo-1918, uRosa, kunye noKarl Liebnecht, othathe inxaxheba ekumiselweni kweqela lamaKomanisi baseJamani, olonakeleyo lwabangela inkxalabo yorhulumente. Ayikhokeleli ukuqhuba iphulo lokuguqula kukaFrank, umbutho ovunyiweyo ovunyiweyo, kubandakanya imvukelo yabasebenzi ngoJanuwari 1919. Ngenxa yoko, iinkokeli zeqela zabhengezwa kuLuhlu olusemthethweni.
I-Luxembourg ngokungathi ichaze unobangela wokufa kwaye yaxela kwangaphambili ukuba uza kufa "ngaphandle okanye entolongweni." URose wabanjwa ngoJanuwari 15, 1919, kodwa andifikanga kwisakhiwo sentolongo: kodwa andifikanga esakhiweni sentolongo: i-Evaloor, ndibetha umfazi onesitya, wadubula intloko, waphosa umzimba wangena emlanjeni. Apho kwafunyanwa ekupheleni kukaMeyi kwaye wangcwatywa kufutshane neKarl Liebknecht, ebulewe ngosuku olunye. Ukugweba ngefoto, izitovu zazo zengcwaba ezenziwe nge-pink marble njengamaconsi emibini yamanzi.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1899- "uphuhliso lwamashishini ePoland"
- I-1899 - "Utshintsho lwentlalo okanye inguqu"
- Ngo-1906 - "Ukubetha kakhulu, Iqela kunye nemibutho yabasebenzi"
- Ngo-1913 - "Ukuqokelelwa kwemali"
- Ngo-1915 - "Ingxaki yedemokhrasi yentlalo"
- Ngo-1916 - "Ukuchasene nokugxeka"
- Ngo-1922 - "Utshintsho lwaseRussia. Uvavanyo olugxekayo lobuthathaka "(PostHumous)
Imemori
- I-rose yerereyitha ye-hlerlin
- I-rose yerente
- I-rose yerente ye-roseembourg in dresden
- Izitrato zeRosa Luxembourg eMoscow, eSt. Petersburg, eSaratov kunye namakhulu ezinye izixeko
- I-sanatorium. I-roses-Luxembourg kwi-GagePolpres