Biography
Ambalwa kwezopolitiko eJamani anemifanekiso yokuxhathisa izimvo zobuzwe kunye ne-anti-in anti-in-in-inArist yaseAdolf Hitler. Olunye lobuqu libetkin, obuthathaka, kodwa onobuqili, umsunguli weqela laseJamani, umhlobo osondeleyo kaVladimir Lenin, Rosa Luxembourg.Ubuntwana noLutsha
UClara U-Icener wazalwa nge-5 kaJulayi, nge-1857 kwividiyo, emazantsi e-Leipzig, eSaxonyo (intsimi yeJamani yanamhlanje). Intombazana ikhulisa utitshala wasemaphandleni i-Aisner kunye noJosefu Vitaly, i-feminary ethobekileyo.
Umxholo wobuntu obuvela ebuntwaneni walandelwa nguClara: wafunda kwisemina yabasetyhini babucala ye-leipzig phantsi kobunkokeli be-Augus Schmidt, enye yezona zinto zibalulekileyo zentshukumo yabasetyhini yenkulungwane ye-Xix. Kuyinyani, ngokungafaniyo ne-schmidt i-icenen icinge kakuhle kakhulu. Ihambelana nemibono yayo kunye nesangqa sonxibelelwano, esiguquliweyo kubandakanya i-OSP ZETKIN, umyeni wasemkhosini wexesha elizayo uClara.
Umsebenzi wezopolitiko
Ngo-1878, uClara Ucener wajoyina umsebenzi we-Ofisi kaMongameli, kunye neenyanga ezimbalwa, u-Otto, uBimarck, wavuma umthetho oqinisekileyo ngokuchasene nontlalontle. Amaxwebhu anqatshelwe intlanganiso, injongo eyayisasazeke ngayo imibono yontlalontle, ivaliwe amakhulu eemagazini kwaye enyanisweni yayithetha ukwenzakala kwabalandeli benkqubo yezopolitiko.
Ngo-1881, ngaphandle kokugcina uxinzelelo, i-Icener ishiye iJamani. I-Switzerland naseOstriya yaba yindlu yakhe entsha, kwaye isusela ngo-1882th - Paris, apho i-Osip Zetkin yayisele ifulelwe. Esi sibini sihlala kunye, singancitshiswa iziphelo kunye neziphelo zemali engenamsebenzi ovela kwiimpapasho kumaphephandaba, iinguqulelo kunye nokuhlamba iimpahla.
Intlupheko yomzimba eyandichasayo. Imeko ye-Clara Zetkin yayinguLaura Lauratg, intombi kaCharles Marx, nomyeni wakhe uPawulos, oyena mkhulu we-subsm ye-marxism, amanye amanani anamandla kwintlalo-ntle yaseburhulumenteni.
Umsebenzi wezopolitiko uchuma i-Clara Zetkin yawa ngo-1889, xa inkxaso yakhe eParis, iCongress yokuqala yomcimbi wesibini wamazwe aphesheya wabanjwa. Wenza intetho esekwe kwiithiyori ze-ridrich i-eels kunye ne-Agasti ka-Agasti, malunga nendima yomfazi kwi-intlalontle. I-Zetkin ibhengeza ilungelo lesini esibuthathaka lomsebenzi, eliya kuba yeyona "yimfuneko yenkululeko yokuzimela kwezemali yabasetyhini" kwaye iya kubasindisa kwingcinezelo yendoda.
Phakathi kweminye imibono yebhinqa uClara Zetkin - umvuzo olinganayo kuzo zombini imiyalezo yesini, umthetho ofanelekileyo wenyama kunye nelungelo lomfazi lokukhupha isisu noqhawulo-mtshato. Ngo-1907, inani ladibana ne-vladimir lenin, eyaba liqabane lakhe. Inkokeli ye-UnismIm kunye nonyulo lwayo nidezhda krupskaya bezihlala zikwi-Zetkin, wenza utyelelo lokubuyisela kwakhona, kwaye iminyaka yokugqibela yobomi ichithe ekuthinjweni eSoviet Union.
I-Clara Zetkin inokubizwa ngokuba yiPacifist. Ngexesha lemfazwe yehlabathi yokuqala, wathabatha inxaxheba yoxolo kunye neenkomfa, apho kwakubanjwa ngalunye usuku kwaye watyholwa ngokuvutha komsindo (izityholo zaphela). Ke ngoko, xa usemoyeni ngaphezulu kweJamani ovuthiweyo kwakhona, le ntokazi yakhetha ukwenza igunya lezopolitiko.
Ukuba ngusekela we-reindestag ukusukela ngo-1920 kunye nebhinqa lokwaluphala, i-Zetkin inakho ukuhlawula inkululeko ezintlanganisweni. Umzekelo, ngo-1932, ngo-1932, ngelo xesha lokuza kwezakwa-Adolf Hitler, wavakalisa ithemba kube kanye lokuvula "intlanganiso yeConoviet Jamani" kwaye wagxininisa ukubaluleka kokulwa i-fascism kunye neNazi .
Enkosi kuClare Zetkin ngonyaka ngo-Matshi 8, uSuku lwaMazwe ngaMazwe lubhiyozelwa.
Ubomi Buqu
Ngo-1882, ubomi bobuqu obunguClara Aisner kunye ne-Osip zetkin yaqala eParis. Le ntombazana yathabatha ifani yentanda, kodwa kumtshato osemthethweni wasemthethweni, abantu abaselula abaze bakulondoloze ubumi baseJamani. Abantwana bazalelwe kwintsapho: UMaxim (nge-1 ka-Agasti, 1883. R.) kunye noKonstantin (ngo-Epreli 14, 1885.). Ulonwabo lwentsapho lwavela lwaphila-phantse-ka-Januwari 29, 1889, i-Osip Zetkin yafa sisifo sephepha.Imigca kwimifanekiso ye-GettyNgo-1897, uClara Zetkin watshata umculi wexesha elizayo uGriderich Trundel Tsundel, owayeneminyaka eli-18 ubudala. Imanyano iwile ngo-1914 ngenxa yomahluko kwiMfazwe yeHlabathi yokuqala - uClara ochasile ubundlobongela, kwaye i-Georg yakhawuleza ngaphambili. Eli bhinqa lalixhala kakhulu ngokubahlulahlula kwaye ngo-1928 kwavuma ukuqhawula umtshato.
Ukufa
I-biegraphy Clara Zetkin iphazamise ngoJuni 20, 1933, ngonyaka wama-75 we-75 wobomi, kwilifa le-Arthangellengelsk kwiSithili se-Arscow kufutshane neMoscow. Unobangela wokufa yindalo. Batsho, ngelo xesha le-ZETKINE ephindaphindekileyo iRosa Luxembourg, bajonga ifoto yabo eqhelekileyo, kunye neLizwi lokugqibela, laphuka kwimilebe yokufa, yayiligama lentombi. I-Zetkin itshixiwe, i-irn ngothuthu olugcinwe kwi-necropolis kudonga lweKremlin.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1925 - "Umbuzo wabasetyhini"
- Ngo-1929 - "isincoko sembali yokuvela komdlalo we-protalian kwi-germany"
- Ngo-1968 - "iinkumbulo zeLenin"
- Ngo-1974 - "Iminqophiso yaBafazi baseLenin yehlabathi liphela"