Taariikh nololeed
"Waxaan ahay nin Yuhuudi ah oo loogu talagalay dhiigga, Ruushka dhaqanka, waxbarashada Soviet," ayuu yiri horyaalkii lixaad ee Lixaad ee Mikhail Botvinnik oo naftiisa ku jira taariikhda Chess. Ardayda dhigata iskuulka ay abuurtay ee ay ka soo baxeen ciyaarta qadiimiga ah waa Harry Kaprov iyo Vladimir Kramnik.Caruurnimada iyo dhalinyarada
Laacibka chess wuxuu dhashey bishii Ogosto 1911, maalintii Avdoti Okurchnitnitsy, oo ku yaal tuulada gobolka ee Kookelt ee Karelian isthmus. Hadda meesha dhalashada yar ee botvinnik waxaa lagu magacaabaa reminik sharafta ku saabsan deganeheeda ugu caansan - fan faashad Russia Eyara Repin.
Tobannaantii sano ee ugu horreeyay qarnigii 20-aad ee ka dhacay tuulada, midabka caqliga ee Ruushka, Maxim Gorky, Fyodor Shanchapin, Vladimir Mayavesky, Vladimir Mayavesky, ee tuulada Villas (ama ay joogeen). Haddii dadka caanka ahi bilaabeen inay wax yeelaan ilkahooda, iyagoo ka caawiya inay ka codsadaan waalidiinta qaan gaarka ah: Hooyada ciribta. Qoyska Mikhail Issac ayaa sidoo kale ka soo kacay qoyska.
Waalidka ciyaartoyga chess mideysan ma ahan oo kaliya xirfadda, laakiin sidoo kale kacaankii kacaankii hore, iyo sidoo kale dhalasho. Si kastaba ha noqotee, aabuhu wuxuu joojiyay hooyada inuu la hadlo carruurta on IdiAA, maxaa yeelay wuxuu rabay wiilal inay si guul leh u dammaanad qaadaan.
Kacaanka ka hor, waalidiinta waa la furay, laakiin si macquul ah u caajisay dahabka farsamada ee farsamada ee ay ka tagtay xaaskii hore. Guurka cusub ee guurka Muuse Girschovich wuxuu soo bandhigay Mikhail iyo Isxaaq walaashii walaasheed ee Maryan.
Chess, Mustaqbalka Grandmaster wuxuu la kulmay 12 sano jir, ka hor, wiilku wuxuu danaynayay sawir qaadista iyo jimicsiga. Tacliinta Sare Botvinnik ayaa ku heshay Machadka LENINGRAD POLYTECHECHECHECHECHECHECHECHNIC SANADKA KA HOR MIKHAIL KINININ. Hadda dhismaha ugu weyn ee jaamacadda, oo Mikhail Mosesevich uu qaatay injineer koronto ku ah dhallinyardiisa, guddi xusuus ah ayaa la rakibay.
Nolol shaqsiyeed
Dhamaan kuwa ogaa in Mikhail Moseevich ay ku garteen ciyaartoy caan ah ee Soviet chess chess-ka ah sidii xayndaab. Farxad ahaan nolosha shaqsiyeed Nin nin ka soo qaatay ballerina ee masraxa Kirov ee Guruane Ananova. Sanadkii 1933, ka dib barbaro la gashay Bronon Flom, Botvinnik Baabuur wuxuu fursad u helay inuu la ciyaaro saaxiibkiis xaaskiisa mustaqbalka - Galna Ulanova. Laacibka chess wuxuu sheegtay in farshaxanka wareega wareega isku mar oo leh laba lugood oo diirada la saarayo ay ka fiican yihiin lammaanaha.Dhallinyaradu waxay guursadeen 1935. Sannad ka hor arooska, José Raul Kapbbcanca wuxuu ku tilmaamay Gaye oo uu ku tilmaamay Gaye iyadoo ereyada laga soo qaatay filimka "Caucasian maxaa" filim kadib markii 34 jir ah - "iyo xariifnimo, iyo qurux." Laga yaabee in astaantan la siiyay gabadh kaliye caan ah uu siiyay Michael kalsoonida saxda ah ee doorashada aroosadda, oo uu soo jeediyay dhaanto iyo wadnaha.
Gabadhii kaliya ee lammaane ee Olga waxay ku dhasheen 1942 Perm: magaalada, ka dibna loo yaqaan Molotov, waxaa ka daadgureeyay masraxa Kirov. Guureeyn, qoys ka kooban toddobo qof (oo ay ku jiraan senapapyoilovna, Nyaya Oli iyo qaraabo kaladuwan), oo ka dib qolka jiifka, ee ka dib, dagaalka qolka jiifka ah ee Moscow ee adduunka ee hadda jira .
Caruurnimada, waaliddiintu waxay isku dayeen inay gabadh gabadh ku xidhaan fanka oo ammaanay. Sawir ah Mikhail Moseevich, oo baraya O Olga si uu ugu dhaqaaqo qaababka ku yaal madow. Si kastaba ha noqotee, Chess ama gabadh cabasho ah oo xiiseynaya.
Waxaa ka mid ah hiwaayadaha aan laga maarmi karin ee botvinnik-ka oo ah barafka iyo Kayak. Mikhail Moseevich wuu jeclaa heesta xisbiyada opera oo u sheeg kaftanka. Si kastaba ha noqotee, jacaylka ugu weyn wuxuu ahaa aqal ku taal Nicolina Mount.
Grandmaster-ka ayaa shaqsiyan horumarisay mashruuc guri wadan ah, iyo in la soo saaro agab dhisme oo yar, uu siiyay fadhi in ciyaar isku mar ah oo ku taal shirkad alwaax ah oo ka shaqeeya karelia. Awoodda, botvinnik waxaa sidoo kale laga keenay xadka maydhista iyo weelka weelka lagu dhaqo, iyo qaataha, oo ay weheliso cidka chess-ka ee ay dhageysteen idaacadda BBC, iyo riyada carruurnimada waa Finnishsi.
Mikhail Moseevich iyo Gayane Davidna waxay ku noolaayeen nus Qarni, in kastoo dabeecadda ay gabi ahaanba ka duwan yihiin. Haweeneydu waa mid jilicsan oo saaxiibtinimo leh, oo saaxiibtinimo leh deriska, oo ay ku jirto sayga / is-deriska TIKHONKONIKOVE iyo naqshadeeyaha diyaaradaha Andrei Khotolev, oo ninku waa mid aad u xulasho ah isgaadhsiinta. Iyada oo ay adag tahay, botvinnik wuxuu caawiyay qoysaska walaalkii iyo walaashii iyo wadan waddan oo dagaalka ku dhintay dagaalka.
Grandmaster-ka waxaa lagu kala soocay madax-bannaanida xukunka iyo mabda'a - ma uusan saxiixin hal xaraf oo wadareed, gaar ahaan ciyaartoy soo laabasho ah (gaar ahaan victor Cark), oo aan ahayn codsi keliya, oo soo gaadhay siyaasada adag ee reer binu Israa'iil, oo badan Dadka caanka ah ee Soofiyeedka ee dhalashada Yuhuudda. Botvinnik, wuxuu ku dhashay Emperor Nicolae II, sanadihii ugu dambeeyay taariikh nololeedkii taariikh nololeedku ku noolaa, laakiin, si ka duwan xubno badan oo ka mid ah CPSU, kama tagin xisbiga CPSU.
Chess iyo sayniska
Mar hore lix bilood kadib markii uu is bartay Chess, Mikhhail ayaa ku guuleystey guushii ugu horreysay ee Lambarka Horyaalka Iskuulka 157, kaas oo uu ku bartay, iyo sanad ka dib magaca magaca Rabbiga ah ee ku xusan liiska majaladda "Chess". Bishii Nofembar 1925, intii lagu gudajiray kalfadhiga isku xigxiga isku xigxiga ee LENINDRAD, oo da'yarta si dhakhso ah oo horumarsan u horumarsan ayaa ka adkaaday horyaalnimada adduunka. Sannadkan soo socda, Mikhail wuxuu u kala qaybiyey goobaha 2aad iyo 3-aad ee ka mid ah Tartanka Leningrad Championship Championship ee Chess-ka oo uu ku qoran yahay magacyadiisa (hooyadiis) Ilya Rabinovich.
Markii uu jiray da'da 20, Botvinnik wuxuu noqday horyaalnimada USSR, iyo bishii Ogosto 1933 wuxuu heystay horyaalka, isagoo xaqiijinaya in guusha ugu horreysa aysan ahayn shil. Cinwaanka cayaaryahankii ugu xoogga badnaa ee kuyaala dhaladka adduunka ee kaliya 1948: ma ahan oo keliya dagaalka, laakiin sidoo kale difaacay Mikhail Mosesevich Thesis. Grandmaster-ka ayaa ka shaqeeyey isku-habeynta ka-hortagga kontoroolka korantada lagu soo daray nidaamka tamarta midaysan ee midowga Soofiyeeti. Botvinnik waa qoraaga in tiro ka mid ah wax-qabadyo lagu wanaajiyo maaraynta mashiinnada korantada korantada.
Guud ahaan, Mikhail Moseevich wuxuu yaqaanay sida loogu dhiiri geliyo koox ka soo horjeedda qaab aan fiicneyn isaga. Gaar ahaan hadiyaddani lafteeda waxay ku muujisay aargudashada ciyaarta ee taajkii chss ee Mikhail Thale Thale 1960-yadii.
Xisbigii 1963-kii wuxuu soo galay sheekada u dhaxeysa Botvinnik iyo Bobb Feeraleyaasha Da 'yarta ah ee Chess American Fisher, oo ku dhamaaday barbaro. Fasax, nasashada Mareykanka ayaa ka tagaya faa iidada hal pawn oo kalsooni ku qaba guul. Si kastaba ha noqotee, habeenka, kooxda tababarka ee Botvinnik, oo ay hogaaminayeen Efim Gelelle, ayaa la yimid xulasho keenay soo-dhafka barbaro. Ciyaarta ka dib, Kabeemee kalluumaysi baa ka soo baxay, oohinta ayaa gacmihiisii ka soo baxday.
Isla 1993, Tigran Petrosyan ayaa bedelay Mikhail Moseevich on Chess Olympus. Tartiib tartiib, botvinnik wuxuu ka dhaqaaqay howlaha ciyaarta wuxuuna diiradda saaray barbaarinta ciyaartoy da 'yarta ah isla markaana horumarinta algorithm ciyaarta ee kumbuyuutar. Gudaha Mareykanka, aabaha "aragtida macluumaadka" Claude Shannon ayaa xaliyay isla dhibaatadaas.
Fikradaha dhaqaalaha ee Mikhail Mosesevich ka dib geerida Joseph Stalin waxay u rogtay golaha dhexe ee CPSU, iyo adeegsiga kombiyuutarka si loo maareeyo dhaqaalaha qaranka iyo isku-darka, taas oo ah mideynta awooda hantida hantida iyo raasamaalka. Shaqaalayaashu waxay markii hore rabeen inay ka saaraan caqli-galka xisbiga, si kastaba ha ahaatee, iyadoo la tixgalinayo xaaladda Botvinnik maskaxdiisa ayaa beddelay.
Dhimashada
Mikhail Moseevich wuxuu ku dhintey 5-ta May, 1995. Sababta u ah qoraaga Botvinnik ee ku jira ilaalinta Slavic "iyo buugga" Shah XX qarnigii "wuxuu ahaa kansarka qandaraas ee lagu yaqaan 'Pancers'. 3 bilood ka hor geerida ciyaartoyga chess-ka ayaa siisay wareysigii ugu dambeeyay, taas oo si xun looga jawaabo xawaashka degdega ah, usbuuc ka hor inta aan daryeelka la jeclayn, iyo saacadihii ugu dambeeyay ee uu amray inuu abaabulo aaska.Codsiga Grandmaster-ka, Serviden-ka Madaxdan lama fulin oo kaliya macnaha vieed oo keliya ayaa ku dhah karaa nabad galyo. Qeybtii ka dib, caloosha ee dambas ee Mikhail Moseevich waxaa lagu aasay Columbarium ee qabuuraha Novodevichy, halkaas oo hadhaaga ah ee uu ka hadhay uu nastay 8 sano.
Xusuus
- Qashinka qalinka lagu xusayay "Sannad-guuradii 100aad ee dhalashada ciyaartoy chess ah M. M. botvinnik" oo leh laba rubles
- Gudiga xusuusta ee dhismaha ugu weyn ee Jaamacadda Petersburg Peter Peter Weyn
- Magaca Mikhail Botvinnik oo loo yaqaan diyaaradaha diyaaradaha ee Boeing Boeing 737 Aeroflot Airlines
Abaalmarino
- 1936 - amar "Saxeex sharaf"
- 1945 - Amarka labaad "Saxeex sharaf"
- 1945 - Maamuus Mas'uul ka ah Sports of USSR
- 1957 - Amarka Lenin
- 1961 - Amarka Baakadaha Cas
- 1971 - shaqaale sharaf leh oo dhaqanka ah ee RSFSR
- 1981 - Amarka Kacaanka Oktoobar
- 1991 - Shaqaale Saynis iyo Teknoloji ah oo Sharafta leh
Baybalka
- 1934 - "Match Flo - Botvinnik"
- 1938 - "Xisbiyada la xushay 1926-1936"
- 1939 - "Kulankii Alence Regerit Alekhin - Eywe Horyaalka Adduunka"
- 1949 - "qaybo la soo xulay 1926-1946"
- 1951 - "" Sannadka Soviet Chess "
- 1960 - "Mashiinka isku-darka isku mar
- 1968 - "algorithm ee cayaaraha chess"
- 1975 - "Seddex kulan Anatoly Karpova"
- 1975 - "Goolka isbadalka ee ciyaarta ee ciyaarta"
- 1978 - "nus qarnigii Chess"
- 1978 - "Si loo gaaro hadafka"
- 1979 - "Ciyaartoyga chess-ka ee gaariga"
- 1979 - "Go'aanka howlaha khaldan ee aan sax ahayn"
- 1979 - "Ilaalinta Greenfeld"
- 1983 - "Marxaladaha Chess Brates"
- 1989 - "Habka chess-ka ah ee xallinta howlaha sirta ah"
- 1997 - "Ujeeddo: Xusuus"