Taariikh nololeed
Matilda Kshesinskaya kaliya maahan ciyaartoy qurux badan oo farsamadoodu si weyn u dhaaftay awoodda casriga ah. Iyadu waa mid ka mid ah dadka ugu saameynta badan ee xilli dambe ee XIX - qarnigii hore ee XX. Tusaale muhiimadda ay tahay ereyada ugu sarreysa ee Taliyaha Sare ee Guud Duke Duke Nikolai Nikololayvich. Intii lagu gudajiray dagaalkii ugu horreeyay adduunka, markii ciidankii Boqortooyadii Ruushka ay wax badan ka soo gaadhay qolof la'aan, maadaama Matda Kshesinska Ballerina ayna ka qeyb qaadataa qaybinta amarada inta udhaxeysa ururada kala duwan.
Matilda Kshesinskaya wuxuu ku dhashay Ogosto 31, 1872 qoys hal abuur leh. Aabaha - Pole Pole Felix Kshesinsky, ka soo saartay Poland Nikoley I Iikoleyda ugu fiican ee Mazurka ee uu jecel yahay, Hooyo - Yulia, Yulia xukunkiisa, oo hodan ku ah carmalka qoob-ka-ciyaarka barafka. Walaasha Matilda - Ballerina Yulia kshesinskaya (Waxaa loogu yeedhay "ksherinskayaya 1st", ee Guurka ', Walaalnimada Zededer), qoob-ka-ciyaarka iyo Madaxa Makepster Joseph Kissinsky.
Gabadhu waxay gashay iskuulka tiyaatarka boqortooyada iyo 1890 inay dhammaadaan. Tartanka, dhammaan qoyska boqortooyada ayaa la xaadiray, iyo cashadda isku-dhafka ah ee KSHEFINKAY waxay u fadhiisataa dhaxalka dhaxalka carshiga, Nikolai. Markaas Alexander III, oo faraxsan, raac dhaqdhaqaaqa Matilda, ku dhawaaqaya ereyada faqriga ah:
"Madmoiselle! Noqo qurxinta oo aad ku qosliso balletkeena! ".Matilda waxaa loo aqbalaa warqadda cod-bixinta ee tiyaatarka marinnada marisky, oo ku taal marxaladda boqortooyada, kaas oo Kshersinskaya ay tahay 2-aad (1st si rasmi ah loogu magac daray walaasheed Yulia) 3 sano gudahood.
Xirfadda Masraxa marisky
Matilda Kshesinskaya wuxuu ku cayaaray Ballet Mass Marius Pedipa iyo Libaax Ivanova (oo ka mid ahaa macallimiinteeda iskuulka). Riwaayadihii ugu horreeyay ee KSHEsinsky - Xirmooyin Dradele ", ayaa ku dhimanaya isla magacaas, odetta-odile", Nikia Swan ", ayay ku taal" Baydkta ".
Ka dib markii uu ka tagay Italy, Karlotta ee Brianz ayaa u tagay doorka aurora ee aurora oo ah ballt "hurdo hurdo".
Ka dib 6 sano oo shaqo ah oo ka mid ah tiyaatarka, Kshesinskaya waxaa la siiyay xaalada "Prima-Ballerina Theaters Theaters", in kasta oo ay diiddan ku tahay Balletmaster-ka madaxa ee Petipa. Sida laga soo xigtay warbixinnada qaar, waxay ahayd xiriirkii ka dhacay Barbarka ee ka caawiyay midka ugu sarreeya ee mowduuca ballet.
Sababta aawadood, kaliya baayoolal yar ayaa la keenay, oo markii dambe aan lagu darin liiska dhaxalka xaashida. Tusaale ahaan, sanadkii 1894, munaasabada guurka ee Grand Duchess ee Kseniya, Alexandrovna iyo Grand Duke Alexander Mikhaich, "soo kicinta Flora" ayaa la soo bandhigay xafladda ugu weyn ee KSHEsin.
In kasta oo mowqifka joogtada ah ee tiyaatarka, Matilda Kshesin si joogto ah ayaa loo wanaajiyaa farsamooyinkeeda, tan iyo markii 1898 booqashada casharo gaar loo leeyahay oo ka socda Enrico Chektney. Waxay noqotay kooxdii ugu horreysay ee Ruushka ee 32 Foute oo isku xigta heerka.
Sannadkii 1904, Matilda Kshesinskaya ayaa ka tagay codsigiisa gaarka ah ee tiyaatarka marinnada marisky iyo ka dib markii macaashku uu ku soo gudbay heshiis heshiis ah. Waxay kasbatay 500 rubles oo ka bixitaan kasta ilaa heerka, oo markii dambe lacag-bixinta ayaa kordhay ilaa 750 rubles.
Ballerina ayaa si isdaba joog ah u sheegay in farshaxan yahanada waxbarashadu ay ku ciyaari karaan wax kasta, ma aysan ahayn fursad ay ku soo dhalatay qaabkeeda Mikhail Fokin: "Fiican" (1912), "Trans (1912) (1915) .
Arrin sir ah
Matilda Kshesinskaya si kasta oo suurtogal ah ayaa ka soo horjeedda casuumada Troupe ee kubbadda ajinebiga ah. Waxay isku dayday inay cadeyso dhammaan qaababka ay dhillo Ruushka ay u qalmaan doorar waaweyn, halka badankood waxaa lasiiyay fanaaniin shisheeye.
Pirinani ee reer Talyaani ee reer Piririn Lenyani ayaa inta badan noqday heshiis, kaas oo, in kasta oo ay niyadda ka shaqeyso masraxa, oo ka soo shaqeeysay tiyaatarka marin hawada sideed sano. Laakiin saameynta Matilda ma taagna agaasimaha tiyaatarada Imperial ee aheyd amiir Velkonsky, kaasoo ka tagay tiyaatarka ka dib markii uu diiday inuu soo celiyo ballet-ka qadiimiga ah "Catarina, Gabadha Poll". Qandaraaska ku adkaanta lafteeda ayaa loogu magac daray xayiraadda ku habboon ee ku habboon qoob ka ciyaarka Ruushka ee ka soo baxa Balmargo Ballet.
Sanadkii 1899, riyadeedii dheer ee Maris Petipov ayaa siisay xaflad ESMERDDA, iyo tan iyo markaas waxay leedahay hal door oo ay leedahay doorkan, taas oo keenta asxaabta xiisaha leh. Kahor Matilda, dufcaddan waxaa loo sameeyay si gaar ah Talyaani.
Ka sokow Ballerinas shisheeye ka sokow, "cadowgiisii ugu xumaa" Kshesinskaya wuxuu u tixgeliyey qabanqaabiyeha "xilliyada Ruushka" Sergey Dyagilev. Wuxuu ku casuumay iyada inuu ku sameeyo London, oo soo jiidatay Matilde in ka badan Paris. Taas aakhiro, ballerina ayaa loo maleynayay inuu ka faa'ideysto xiriirkiisa iyo "feeraha" ee Dyagilev si uu ula hadlo ganacsigiisa St. Petersburg iyo inuu helo dib-u-dhigista adeegga milatariga ee Nizhinsky, oo noqday milatariga. Hadalka KSHEsinsky, San Lake ayaa la doortay, mana aheyn fursad - sidaa darteed Dyagilev waxaa laga helaa marin u helka qurxinteeda iyada oo leh.
Isku dayga looma taaban guul. Intaa waxaa dheer, Dyagillev wuxuu aad u xanaaqsan yahay sababtuna tahay codsiga, in addoonkaasi uu si xun u siiyay inuu sumo u abaabulo kooxda 'Ballerina'.
Nolol shaqsiyeed
Nolosha shaqsiyeed ee Matilda Kshesin waa xitaa xiriir ka sii dhameystiran oo ka badan waxqabadka xirfadeed ee kooxda 'Ballerina'. Meelaheeda meelaheeda ayaa si dhow isugu dhexgalisay wakiilo ka socda burcast of Romanov.
Waxaa la rumeysan yahay in laga soo bilaabo 1892 ilaa 1894 ay ahayd sayidkii Cesarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich. Kadib isbarashada ka dib, wuxuu si joogto ah ugu booqanayaa qaabkeeda, xiriirkoodu si dhakhso ah ayuu u korayaa, in kasta oo qof walba uu ka warqabo in sheekadu ay leedahay dhamaato. Si loo hoggaansamo si loo maareeyo samaqabka ee KSHEsinskaya, oo ah guri ku yaal qulqulka Ingiriisiga ayaa la iibsaday, halkaas oo ay kula kulmeen wax faragelin ah.
"Jacaylka ayuu ka yimid dhaxalkii kulankii ugu horreeyay. Xilligii xagaaga ka dib markii aan la kulmi lahaa oo aan la hadli karo isaga, dareenkeygu wuxuu ka buuxiyay naftayda oo dhan, oo waxaan ka fikiri karaa Matilda Kshersinkaya ee buuggarkiisa.Sababta ay u burburatay xiriirka la leh mustaqbalka Nikolai Ii wuxuu ahaa hoggaamiye uu la yeeshay awooda magaca boqoradda Victoria Alice Hesse-Damsstadt bishii Abriil 1894.
Tan, kaqeybgalka tooska ah ee ku saabsan ballerina nolosha qoyska boqortooyada ma uusan dhamaan - Matilda Kshesinskaya waxay ka koobnaatay xiriir dhow oo amiirrada weyn ee Mirgey Mikhaich iyo Andrei Vladimirovich. Oktoobar 15, 1911, markii ugu sarreysay, xukunka ugu sareeya, oo ah kan weyn ee "Sergeevich" wuxuu helay wiilkeeda Vladimir, wuxuu dhashey 18-kii Juun 1902 ee Strena. Qoyskiisa, waxaa lagu magacaabay si fudud "Vova", oo uu helay magaca "Krasinsky".
January 17, 1921 ee Cannes ee ka tirsan kaniisadda Milantaroovel-Mikhail-Mikhails Matilda Ksherda Ksherya Ksherya Ksherya Ksherya Ksherya Ksherya Ksherda Ksherya Ksherda Ksherda Ksherya Ksherda Kshedkaya ayaa guursaday guurka niyadda ah ee ay la yeeshaan Grand Duke Andrey VladimiRovich, oo uu dhalay magaciisa. Sanadkii 1925, Matilda Felixessesn ayaa ka dhaqaaqay kaatoolight si uu udhaco orthodoxy magaca Maria.
Nofeembar 30, 1926, inaadeerkiis inaadeerai Ii Kirill VladimiRovich wuxuu u xilsaaray faraceeda cinwaanka cinwaanka iyo magaca Prince Krasinsky, iyo July 28, 1935 - amiirka dhalaalaya ee Romanovsky-krasinsky.
Gantaada
Bishii Febraayo 1917, Kshesinskaya, oo ay weheliso wiilkiisa, ayaa lagu qasbay inuu ku wareejiyo guryo qof kale ah, oo uu lumiyay guryo raaxaysi ah - oo ah xarunta ugu sareeya ee leninistists ", iyo guryaha guryaha. Waxay go'aansatay inay u tagto Kislovodsk amiirka Andrei VladimiRirich ee rajada laga qabo inuu guriga kusii jeedo.
"Naftayda waxaan ku dhex maray dareen farxad ah si aan u arko Andrei oo aan dareemayo wax ka qabashada damiirka, kaas oo aan ka tagayo Sergeyga oo keliya caasimada, halkaas oo uu qatar joogto ah ku jiray caasimada. Intaa waxaa sii dheer, way igu adkeyd inaan kaxeeyo dagaalka, oo uusan ku lahayn caqabad, "ayuu yidhi xusuus-qorka Kheesin.
July 13, 1917 Waxay ka tagtaa Petrograd weligeedba.
Horraantii 1918, "iyo KSHEsinskaya oo ay weheliyaan Vova, qaxooti ahaan, waxay anap u tagayaan go'aanka hooyada iyo amiiradda weyn ee Mary Pavlovna. 1919 waxaa lagu qabtay Kislolodsk wax ku ool ah, oo laga soo bilaabo meesha, tareenka laga bilaabo 2 baabuur, qaxootiga ay u hareen Novorossisk. Waxa xiiso leh, Maria Pavlovna ayaa ku orday fasalkii ugu horreeyay, halka Matilda iyadoo Vova la siiyay kaalinta seddexaad.
Xaaladaha nololeedku waxay sii wadeen inay ka sii daraan - 6 toddobaad bulshada ugu sareysa waxay si toos ah ugu noolaayeen wanaaga halka goobada ay wadaan tilmaanta ceyriinka ah ee ay qaadatay dadka. Kadibna waxay ka dhoofayaan Novorossiskiysk waxayna qaataan fiisooyin Faransiis ah. 12 (25) Maarso 1920, qoysku waxay yimaadeen Cap D'Aii, halkaas oo Villa Ballerina ku yaal.
Sanadkii 1929, Matilda Kshesinskaya ayaa ku furay istuudiyaha istuudiyaha u gaarka ah Paris. Macallinka KSHEsinsky waxaa lagu kala gartay xanaaq xasaasi ah - oo weligii codkiisana uma sara kicin qaybaheeda.
Filimada iyo buugaagta
Taariikh nololeedka Matilda Kshesinsky wuxuu hodan ku yahay dhacdooyinka iyo dadka caanka ah - maaddada ayaa inta badan iftiiminaysa farshaxanka. Marka, ee sheekada sheekada, ama kii ugu dambeeyay ee sheekooyinka "taxanaha" adventures of Erist Fandorin "Boris Akunin" Boris Akunin " Mid ka mid ah jilayaasha - Isabella Feliyanovna Snezhnevskaya, Protype kaas oo ah Matilda Felixsna lafteeda.Shaqo kale, Matilda Kshesinskaya waa dabeecad muhiim ah. Oktoobar 26, 2017, sawir cusub oo macallinkalerei Matharda ah ayaa la soo bandhigi doonaa, kaasoo sababay in ay soo dhawaash ka dhigto horteeda hortooda. Shirkadda filimka ayaa ku jirta xiriirka KSHESESKY oo ay weheliso Cesarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich, mustaqbalka Emperor Nikolai Ii.
Baaskiilka ayaa ka dhacay ka dib markii la siidaayay trailer rasmiga ah ee ugu horreeyay, oo ay ku jiraan muuqaallo dabiici ah oo kaqaybqaadashada waxqabadka doorka ugu weyn ee Mikhalin Olshkanky iyo Lars Iidher.
Gaadiidka dadweynaha "iskutallaabta TSARSKY" ayaa ku eedeeyay abuurayaasha rinjiyeynta "dhalanrog ee munaasabadaha taariikhiga ah" iyo "ka hortagga ruushka iyo xasuuqii ka hortaga dhaqanka ee dhaqanka dhaqanka." Tani waxay dhalisay Natalia Poklonskaya, oo caan ku ah cibaadadiisa Nikolai Ii, la xiriir Xafiiska Xeer-ilaaliyaha Gardunayaal oo codsi ah inuu hubiyo maaddada.
Jeeg kama muujin xad-gudub, laakiin waxay bilaabeen isdabajooyin isdaba joog ah oo isdaba joog ah iyo eedeymo timaado dadweyne, siyaasiyiin iyo filim sameeyeyaal.
Dhimashada
Markay ahayd da'da 86, 13 sano jir ilaa dhimasho, Matilda Felixesna KSHEsinskaya wuxuu arkay riyo - waxay aragtay tirada gambaleelka, waxayna arkeen tiradii Alexander III, oo ku saabsan weedha dilaaga ah ee ku saabsan qurxinta iyo ammaanta balwerka. Kuwa subaxa hore waxay go'aansatay inay qorto xusuus-qor, oo ay taageertay daahyada sirta ah ee halyeeyada KSHEsinsky.
Xusuus-qorka Matilda Kshesinskaya waxaa lagu daabacay 1960 Paris ku yaal Faransiiska. Ruush, shaqada waxaa la daabacay oo keliya 1992.
Qabyo qaali ah ayaa nolol dheer ku noolaa - waxay ku dhimatay markay ahayd 99 jir bilo ka hor qarnigiisii, Diseembar 5, 1971.
Jidhkeedii waxaa lagu aasay qabuuraha St. Geneva De Bou ee xaafadaha Paris ee xaaskiisa iyo sayga / seygiisa iyo wiilkiisa. Jeegaanta ayaa lagu dabaqayaa taallada: "Princess aamusnaanta Maria Felixesna Romanovskaya-krasinskaya, farshaxanka sharafta leh ee tiyaatarka boqortooyada ee KSHEsinskaya."