Taariikh nololeed
"Inta dadku ay ku raaxeystaan faa'iidooyinka korantada, had iyo jeer way xasuusan doonaan magaca Farkeysii," ayuu yidhi Helmalka Jarmalka.Michael Farkeysi waa tijaabinta Pitional ee Ingiriisiga, farmashiyaha, abuuraha jimicsiga ee ku saabsan dhul elektaroonig ah. Waxay furtay soosaarista elektromagnetic, oo aasaaska u ah wax soo saarka warshadaha ee korantada iyo codsiyada xaaladaha casriga ah.Caruurnimada iyo dhalinyarada
Michael Farkeysii wuxuu ku dhashay Sebtember 22, 1791 ee Newington Batts, oo aan ka fogeyn London. Aabaha - James Farayy (1761-1810), Kuznets. Hooyo - Margaret (1764-1838). Marka lagu daro Michael, Robert iyo walaalaha Elizabeth iyo Margaret ayaa ku koray qoyska. Si xun ayey u noolaayeen, sidaa darteed Michael iskoolka uma uusan gelin isla markaana wuxuu tegey inuu ka shaqeeyo dukaanka dukaanka lagu iibiyo 13 sano.
Waxbarashada ayaa ku guuldareysatay. Akhrinta buugaagta ee fiisigiska iyo kimistariga ayaa ku qancay aqoonta aqoonta buugaagta ee dukaanka buugaagta ee ka badan. Ninkii dhallinyarada ahaa wuxuu bartayay tijaabooyinkii ugu horreeyay. Waxay dhistay isha hadda - "Leiden Bank". Aabaha iyo walaalkood waxay taageereen Michael oo ku jiid tijaabooyin.
![Michael Faradays ee dhalinyarada Michael Faradays ee dhalinyarada](/userfiles/126/17593_1.webp)
Sanadkii 1810, nin da 'yar oo 19 jir ah ayaa xubin ka noqday kooxda falsafadda, oo casharo ku soo baxay fisikiska iyo astronommus-ga. Michael wuxuu kaqaybqaatay muranka sayniska. Nin dhalinyaro ah oo hibo leh ayaa soo jiitay dareenka saynisyahanku. Iibsadaha ee dukaanka ku William Dance bandhigay Michael hadiyad - tigidh si ay u booqdaan dhowr ah oo muxaadarooyin in chemistry iyo physics ee Davy Gemphri (aasaasihii electrochemistry ah, discoverer oo ka mid ah xubno ka kiimikada ee potassium, calcium, sodium, barium, boron) .
![Boosta Boosta Diyaaradda Ribro, halkaasoo laga shaqeeyay Boosta Boosta Diyaaradda Ribro, halkaasoo laga shaqeeyay](/userfiles/126/17593_2.webp)
Saynisyahan mustaqbalka, caqabadaha muxaadarooyinka gemphri davy, oo ay sameeyeen isku xirnaan oo loo diray borofisar, oo ay wehliyaan warqad ay ka helaan waxoogaa shaqo ah. Davy wuxuu kaqaybqaatay masiirka ninka da 'yarta ah, iyo in ka dib, in muddo ah, 22-jir-ka-dhalan-dhanaan ayaa ka helay shaybaarka shaybaarka shaybaarka kiimikada.
Sayniska
Qaadashada waajibaadka kaaliyaha sheybaarka, caruy-yada ma aysan seegin fursad ay ku dhagaystaan casharka, diyaarinta taas oo ka qeyb qaadatay. Sidoo kale, barakada buufiska borofisar Davy, nin dhalinyaro ah ayaa sameeyay tijaabooyinkiisa kiimikada. Xasiloonida iyo farshaxanka shaqada ee shaqada shaqada ee kaaliyaha sheybaarka ayaa ka dhigay kaaliyaha joogtada ah Davy Davy.
![Tijaabooyin Michael Farkeysi Tijaabooyin Michael Farkeysi](/userfiles/126/17593_3.webp)
Sanadkii 1813, Davy wuxuu qaatay xoghayaha Farwar ee safarkii labo sano jir ah oo reer yurub ah. Intii lagu gudajiray Safarka, saynisyahan yari wuxuu la kulmay dadka kale ee sayniska adduunka: Andre-Marie Ampenta, Joseph Louis GAY-Loussak, Alessandro Volta.
Markay ku laabanayaan London sanadkii 1815, in laga soo celiyay kaaliyaha kaaliyaha. Iyada oo isbarbar dhigaya, waxa ugu jecel waa sii waday - geli tijaabooyinkiisa. Nolosha Farkeysay, waxaa jiray 30,000 oo tijaabo ah. Burburaha sayniska ee loo yaqaan 'perantry iyo shaqada adag, wuxuu helay cinwaanka "Boqorka Tijaabooyin". Faahfaahin khibrad kasta oo si taxaddar leh loogu lumay xusuus-qorka. Markii dambe, 1931, xusuus-qorkaas waa la daabacay.
![Michael Farwaray ee dhalinyarada Michael Farwaray ee dhalinyarada](/userfiles/126/17593_4.webp)
Daabacaaddii ugu horreysay ee daabacan ee Farway waxaa la daabacay 1816. 1819, 40 shaqo ayaa la daabacay. Talaabooyinka waxaa loo qoondeeyay kimistariga. Sanadkii 1820, dhowr tijaabo oo ay la leeyihiin Iroys, saynisyahan yari wuxuu ogaadey in alerkii birta lagu daray nikkel ee nikelka ah. Laakiin natiijooyinka tijaabooyinka ay soo mareen metleurts. Furitaanka bir bir-qaadka ah ayaa la kireystay goor dambe.
Sanadkii 1820, Farkeysi waxay noqotay cajaaniyin farsamo oo ka mid ah machadka boqortooyada. 1821, wuxuu u beddelay fiisiyada ka soo baxa kimistariga. Farxiyayaal ayaa loo sameeyay sidii saynisyahan ka jira, miisaanka lagu helay bulshada cilmiga ah. Maqaal ayaa lagu daabacay mabda'a matoorka korantada, kaas oo dhigay bilowga injineeriyada korantada ee warshadaha.
Goobta Electromagnetic
Sanadkii 1820, Faryaha waxaa kaxaystay tijaabooyinka ku saabsan is-dhexgalka korantada iyo garoonka magnetic. Waqtigaan, fikradaha "DC Isha" (A. Volt), "Electrolysis", "korantada ARC", "Electromagnet" ayaa la helay. Inta lagu jiro muddadan, electrostatics iyo electronnamics-ka ayaa la soo saaray, tijaabooyinka bio, Safera, oo ah Safeara, oo la mid ah lashaqeynta korantada iyo magnetismka waa la daabacay. A. Ampere on Electromagnetims waa la daabacay.
Sanadkii 1821, Iftiinka wuxuu arkay shaqada Farkeysi "dhaqdhaqaaqyo cusub oo koronto oo ku saabsan fikradaha magnetism-ka". Dhexdeeda, saynisyahanku wuxuu soo bandhigay tijaabooyinka leh fallaadha magnetic ku wareegsan hal cirif, taasi waa, waxay ku fulisay isbedelka tamarta korantada farsamada. Xaqiiqdii, wuxuu soo bandhigay kii ugu horreeyay ee adduunka, in kasta oo ah mooto hore, koronto.
Farxadda daahfurka ayaa dhacday cabashada William Vollarston (oo furmay Palladium, Rhodium, oo dhistay ceyriska caatka ah iyo gowlomerometer). Cabasho ku saabsan Professor Davy, saynisyahanku wuxuu ku eedeeyay Farmay Firashan fikradaha xatooyada oo leh fallaadha layaala la mid ah. Sheekadu waxay qaadatay fadeexad. Davy wuxuu qaatay booska Vllaaston. Kaliya kulan shaqsiyeed oo ah laba saynisyahanno ah oo lagu caddeeyo booskooda by Faraaday wuxuu awooday inuu xalliyo khilaaf. Vollarston ayaa ka tagay sheegashada. Xiriirka Davy iyo Faaday ayaa laga waayey aaminaaddoodii hore. In kasta oo kii ugu horreeyay ilaa maalmihii ugu dambeeyay uusan ku daascnin soo celinta in Farayss ay tahay daahfurka ugu weyn ee ay ka dhigaan.
Bishii Janaayo 1824, Farxiya waxaa soo doortey xubin ka mid ah Royal Society London. Borofisar Davy ayaa codeeyay.
![Machadka Royal London ee sanadkii 1830-meeyadii Machadka Royal London ee sanadkii 1830-meeyadii](/userfiles/126/17593_5.webp)
Sannadkii 1823 wuxuu noqday xubin u dhigma akadeemiyada Paris.
Sanadkii 1825, Michael Farkeysi wuxuu qaatay meesha Davi inuu yahay agaasime shaybaarka shaybaarka iyo kiimikada machadka boqortooyada.
Ka dib markii daahfurka 1821, saynisyahanku uusan daabicin shaqada. Sanadkii 1831, wuxuu noqday Proffax Proffak (akadeemiyada milatariga), sanadkii 1833, oo ah borofisar ka tirsan kiimikada machadka boqortooyada. Wuxuu qabtay khilaafyo saynis ah, oo uu khudbado ku sameeyay shirarka sayniska.
Kusoo laabatay 1820, Farkeysi wuxuu xiiseynayay waaya-aragnimada Hans Estersta: Dhaqdhaqaaqa ku teedsan wareegga hadda korantada ayaa sababay in dhaqdhaqaaqa fallaadha magnetic. Hada korantada ayaa sababay in ay dhacdo magnetism. Fargtayda ayaa soo jeedisay in, sida ugu muuqata, magnetism-ka waxay sababi kartaa koronto hadda jira. Xusuus-qorka koowaad ee aragtida waxay ka muuqatay xusuus-qorka saynisyahan ah 1822. Toban sano oo tijaabooyin ah ayaa u aaday raajada si qarsoodiga ah ee lagu soo bandhigo elektaroonigga.
Guusha ayaa timid Ogosto 29, 1831. Qalabka, kaas oo u oggolaaday xiisaha in la helo daahfurka dhalaalaya, oo ka koobnaa birta bir ah iyo set of wareegga siligga oo ka soo baxa nabarro naxaas ah laba kala badh. Silsiladda nus nus oo giraanta, siligga xidhan, waxay ahayd fallaadha magnetic. Dabaysha labaad ee ku xiran batteriga korantada. Marka hadda la damiyo, fallaarta magnetic-ka ayaa isbeddelay hal jiho, oo markii loo rogaa mid kale. Farxiyadu waxay soo gabagabeeysay in Magnet uu awood u leeyahay inuu beddelo magnetka tamar koronto.
Ifafaale "dhacdada korantada ayaa ku jirta wareegga xidhan oo leh isbadal ku dhaca hawada magnetka ee marnetka ah oo dhex maraya" waxaa loo yaqaanaa in la istcimaalo elektrehagnetic. Soo saarista elektaroonigga ah ayaa furay habka isha hadda jirta ee hadda jirta - koronto-dhaliyaha korantada.
Helitaanka ayaa calaamad u ahaa bilowga maroojin cusub oo midho leh oo saynisyahan ah tijaabiyeyaal ah oo dunida siiyey "Daraasad tijaabo ah oo ku saabsan korantada". Farxiyayaal waxay la kulmeen dabeecad hal ah oo ah dhacdada tamarta korantada, oo ka madax bannaan habka, kaas oo hadda korantada uu sababay.
Sannadkii 1832, fisikis ayaa la siiyay billadaha COPLI.
![Furitaanka Michael Farkeysan: Transformer Furitaanka Michael Farkeysan: Transformer](/userfiles/126/17593_6.webp)
Farkeysi waxay noqotay qoraaga soo-galka koowaad. Wuxuu ka tirsan yahay fikradda "Dieleectric joogto". Sannadkii 1836, dhowr tijaabo ah, wuxuu cadeeyay in dacwadda hadda ay saameyn ku leedahay kaliya qolofta futada, taasoo ka tagaysa walxaha ay ku jiraan. Sayniska la adeegsaday, aaladda lagu sameeyay mabda'a ifafaalaha waxaa loo yaqaannaa unugyada fog.
Soo Baadyada iyo Shaqooyinka
Furitaanka Michael Faraaday waxaa loo hibeeyay oo keliya ma ahan fisikiska. Sanadkii 1824, Benzene iyo Isobutlen ayaa furay. Saynisyahanka ayaa keenay qaabka dareeraha ee koloriin, hydrogen sulfide, kaarboon dioxide, ammuniya, ethylene, nitrogen dioxide, ayaa helay hexahloran synthesis.
![Furitaanka Michael Faraaday: Qaabka Qaabka ee Chlorine Furitaanka Michael Faraaday: Qaabka Qaabka ee Chlorine](/userfiles/126/17593_7.webp)
Sanadkii 1835, Farkeysi sababta oo ah cudurka waxaa lagu qasbay inuu sameeyo labo sano oo fasax ah. Sababta cudurka waxaa looga shakisan yahay inuu la xiriiro saynisyahanada inta lagu gudajiro tijaabooyinka lammaanaha isqaba. Safar gaaban ka dib soo kabashada ka dib soo kabashada, sanadkii 1840, borofisarku wuxuu mar kale dareemay xumaan. Isugeynta daciifnimada, waxaa jiray xasuus kumeelgaar ah oo ku-meelgaar ah. Xilliga soo kabashada ayaa dib loo dhigay muddo 4 sano ah. Sannadkii 1841, adkeysiga dhakhaatiirta, saynisyahanku wuxuu raacay safarka Yurub.
Qoysku waxay ku noolaayeen saboolnimo. Marka loo eego maragga maragga taariikh nololeed John Thendal, saynisyahanku wuxuu qaatay howlgab dhan 22 rodol sanadkii. Sannadkii 1841, Raiisel wasaare William Lam, Rabbi Melbourne, oo hoos imanaya saxaadinta shacabka ayaa saxeexday qaxwaha shaqada howlgabka dawladda ee qaddarka 300 rodol sanadkii.
![Furitaanka Michael Faraaday: Guntor Unipror Universit (Farahay disk) Furitaanka Michael Faraaday: Guntor Unipror Universit (Farahay disk)](/userfiles/126/17593_8.webp)
Sanadkii 1845, saynisyahan weyn ayaa ku guuleystey inuu soo jiito dareenka bulshada adduunka in kale oo lagu helo wax dheeraad ah oo Baadhitaanno Dheeraad ah oo ka dhacay Burcadda loo yaqaan 'Breat' ee garoonka lagu dhex tuuray ("Faraway saameynta magnetic (dhex-dhexaadka"). Meesha magnetic-ka dibedda ee ku dhaqma).
Dawladda England marna ma aysan weydiinin Michael in ay gacan ka gaysato xalinta dhibaatooyinka la xiriira arrimaha farsamada. Saynisyahanku wuxuu soo saaray barnaamij qalab xoog badan, hababka lagula dagaallamayo xaraashka maraakiibta, oo uu sameeyo khabiir garsoor. Ahaanshaha dabiiciga ah nin caan ah oo nin wanaagsan iyo nabadeed, si tartiib ah u diiday inuu kaqaybqaato abuurista hubka kiimikada ee dagaalka lala yeesho Ruushka dagaalka Russia.
![Guri Michael Farwaray ee Hampton Corti Guri Michael Farwaray ee Hampton Corti](/userfiles/126/17593_9.webp)
Sanadkii 1848, boqoradda Fiktooriya ayaa gurigii saartay guriga bidix ee Thames, Hampton Court. Boqoradda Ingiriiska ayaa bixisay kharashyada iyo canshuuraha ee ku yaal guriga. Saynisyahanka qoyskiisa u soo guuray isaga, taasoo ka tagay kiiska 1858.
Nolol shaqsiyeed
Michael Farkeysii wuxuu guursaday Sara Barnard (1800-1879). Sarah - saaxiib saaxiib ah Farway. Soo jeedinta gacanta iyo quluubta 20-sano jir gabadha 20-sano jir ah ma uusan isticmaalin - saynisyahan yari waa inuu dumiyo. Aroos deggan ayaa dhacay bishii Juun 12, 1821. Sanado badan kadib, Farawey qoray:"Waxaan guursaday - dhacdo in ka badan wax kale oo wax ku biiriyay farxaddayda dhulka iyo xaaladdayda caafimaad qaba ee Ruuxa."Qoyska Faryaha, sida qoyska ee xaaskiisa, xubnaha ka ah bulshada Protestant Community "Sand Cumeman". Fargtayda ayaa qabtay shaqada shirkadda ee London ee shirkadda London, ayaa si isdaba joog ah loo doortay.
Dhimashada
Michael Farkeysiiy wuu xanuunsaday. Waqtiyo gaaban, markii uu cudurku ka cararo, wuu shaqeeyay. Sanadkii 1862, wuxuu u soo bandhigay mala-awaal ku saabsan dhaqdhaqaaqa khadadka muuqaalka ah ee ku yaal dhul magnetic. Xaqiiji aragtida waxay awood u yeelatay inuu Peter Zeman ee sanadkii 1897, kaas oo 1902 uu ka helay abaalmarinta Nobel. Farmay Zeeman wuxuu u yeedhay qoraaga fikirka.
![Mogil Michael Farkeysii Mogil Michael Farkeysii](/userfiles/126/17593_10.webp)
Michael Faraaday wuxuu ku dhintey desktop-ka bishii Ogosto 25, 1867 markii uu ahaa 75 jir. Waxaa lagu aasay xaaskiisa oo ku sugan xaaskiisa xabaalaha wata ee London. Saynisyahanku wuxuu weydiiyay geeridiisa ka hor geerida aaska aaska, sidaa darteed qaraabada kaliya ayaa yimid. Dhanka dhagaxa, magaca saynisyahanada iyo sannadaha nolosha ayaa la xardhay.
Xaqiiqda xiisaha leh
- Sayniska Phity-ka ma uusan ilaawin carruurta. Faahfaahinta carruurta "Taariikhda Shuraayada" (1961) dib loo daabacay ilaa maantadan la soo diray.
- Sawirka Farkeysi waxaa la dhigayaa sharciga Ingiriiska ee 20 rodol oo ah 1991-1999.
- Waxaa jiray warar xan ah oo sheegaya in Davy uusan ka jawaabin xayeysiiya codsi shaqo. Mar, si ku-meel-gaadh ah oo loo lumiyo aragtida kiimikada inta lagu jiro tijaabada kiimikada, Borofisar ayaa xasuustay ninka dhallinyarada ahaa ee joogtada ah. Markii ay u shaqaysay sidii xoghaye ee saynisyahanku yahay, ninkii dhalinyarada ahaa si uu u tuuray davy-ka si uu u muujiyo inuu ku soo jeediyay Michael ka shaqaynta shaybaarka.
- Ka dib markii uu ka soo laabtay safarka reer yurub ah oo uu la galay qoyska Davie Farays, isagoo sugaya booska kaaliyaha booska machadka ee uu ku sugnaa mawjawgeeda.