Taariikh nololeed
42 jir, wuxuu noqday marshaal ugu da'da yar ee midowga Soofiyeeti. Baron Peter Wingel ayaa ku xusan Peter Tukhachevesky xusuus-qorka, isagoo sheegay inuu "naftiisa kula jiro Natiaolen Russia." Markii dambe, Joseph Stalin wuxuu ogolaaday Whgel, isagoo u yeeray buugga milatariga ee hamiga leh.
Aqoonsiga Marshal Tukhachevsky ayaa weli ah muranka ugu muranka badan ee ka dhex jira hoggaamiyeyaasha millatariga Soofiyeeti. Intaa waxaa sii dheer, faafitaanka fikradaha waa ballaadhan oo ah in la canaananyo iyo dib-u-habeyn loogu magacdaray bishii Maiyocre iyo mid sharaf leh, halka dooddu ay ku qanciso labada xaaladoodba.
Caruurnimada iyo dhalinyarada
Warldor mustaqbal ayaa ku dhalatay xilliga qaboobaha ee 1893 ee gobolka Stelsk, ee qoyska uu kireeysto Aleksandrovskoe. Aabaha - sharafta dhaxalka Nikolai Tukuchevsky waa wiilka keliya ee keligiis carmal ah oo carfied sharaf leh. Mulkiilaha dhulka da 'yarta ah ee la dayacay dhererka nacaybka iyo guursaday quruxda peasevants - Millohova. Guurka, 9 carruur ah ayaa dhasheen, afar ka mid ah - wiilal. Mikhail wuxuu soo muuqday kaalinta saddexaad. Wuxuu hore u bartay diblooma oo aqriyaa maalmaha.
Arrinta asal ahaan, taariikhyahannada TUKHHACHEV taariikhyahannadu ma aysan imaan jahwareer guud. Anigoo aroortii waxaa loo yaqaan tirinta FloMish indris, kaas oo dhajiyay bilowga gobolka Genus Tolstoy. Baarayaasha kale waxay ka jawaabaan su'aasha ah dhalashada Marshal, oo tilmaamaya xididdada reer dhalaalaysa ee qoyska. Doodda saddexaad ee ah in Mikhail Tukhachevsky uu yahay nin Yuhuudi ah oo asal ahaan Polish ah. Caddaynta dokumentiga ayaa leh nooc.
Taliyaha mustaqbalka tan iyo markii caruurnimadii muujisay karti badan oo aad u badan. Wiilku wuxuu ku koray farshaxanka farshaxanka iyo muusikada, ku qancay shaqada guriga oo wuxuu bartay inuu ciyaaro violin. Laakiin inta badan, Mikhail wuxuu rabay inuu galo raadad-hoosaadka ee adeerkiis oo uu diido caannimada millatariga.
Dhanka jimicsiga Misha fasalka afraad ayaa lagu bartay si aan dadaalaynin dadaalka - natiijada ugu sareysa waxay ahayd "afar" Faransiis. Wiilku wuxuu ku dhacay casharrada oo uu qabtay "Bobbies". Agaasimaha Geemnasium-ka, oo ka yaqaanay ujeedada hamiga ee ardayga inuu noqdo hab militari. Agaasimuhu wuxuu sharraxay Mishele in aayaddan oo kale ee iskuulka militariga uusan qaadan doonin.
Penzanasium Mikhail Tukhachevsky wuxuu ka qalin jabiyay sharafeed wuxuuna galay caasimada caasimada ee Cadaadiyaha. Ahaanshaha ardayga ugu fiican, ugu dhakhsaha badan ee loo raray dugsiga militariga ee Alexander. Sanadkii 1914, ninka yari baa ka tagay darbiyada xarunta waxbarashada, isagoo jooga seddex-laabta ardayda qalin jabisay. Taariikh nololeed kiromadka Mikhail Tukhachevsky wuxuu ka bilaabay ilaalada Senov ee Senor, halkaas oo uu ku sameeyay hoosaad ka mid ah Dagaalkii Koowaad ee Adduunka.
Xirfadle militari
Xilliga xagaagii 1914, Mikhail Tukhachevsky ayaa loo magacaabay sarkaal yar. Darajadan, milatariga da 'yarta ah ayaa ka qeybgalay dagaalada ay kula jiraan Jarmalka iyo Austricy ee ku yaal West hore. Ninkii yaraa wuxuu muujiyey rabitaanka guud inuu noqdo 30 sano: hammiga iyo rabitaanka in si dhakhso leh loogu wareejiyo jaranjarada xirfadeed ee lagu daray geesinimada. Muddo lix bilood ah, Michael waxaa la siiyay amarro shan jeer.
Xilliga jiilaalka ee 1915, Mikhail Tukhachevsky wuxuu u adeegay badhtamaha magaalada Polish ee LOMBRIE. Habeenkii, ciidamada Jarmalka waxay burburiyeen shirkadda, ayuu Tukhachevsy ka badbaaday mucjiso oo la qabtay.
Ka dib afar isku day ah oo ka baxsanaya in maxaabiistii loo qaaday xerada magaalada Ingolstadt, halkaas oo baxsadu ay dhawreen. Halkan Mikhail wuxuu la kulmay madaxweynaha mustaqbalkiisa France by Charlay de Gater. Ka baxsiga shanaad ee Sebtember 1917 ayaa lagu guuleystay. Bishii Oktoobar, baxsadku wuxuu ku soo noqday waddankiisii. Mikhail tukhachevsky waxaa lagu qoray zamenovsky reg sem, oo lagu aaminay amarka fallaaraha.
Kacaankii
Ciidanka casaanka, Mikhail Tukhachevsky wuxuu galay tabaruc. Guga ee 1918 waxaa lagu aaminay inuu ka shaqeeyo waaxda milatariga ee The-Ruushka ee Ruushka. Ka dib markii uu ku soo biiro darajooyinka shuuciyada, Tukhachevsky waxaa loo xilsaaray inuu difaaco caasimada, isagoo magacaabay gudoomiyaha milatariga.
Sannadka soo socda, ayaa dadka ka ganacsada ciidanka 5-aad ee ciidamada 5aad ee aaminka ah NARC LEX TROTTKY. Mikhail Tukhachevsky wuxuu madax ka ahaa xoogga Alexander Kolchak ee Siberiya, ka dibna ay weheliyaan ciidamada koonfureed ee Russia, halkaas oo uu ku sii waday inuu eryo cadowga. Dhamaadka jiilaalka ee 1920, Mikhail Tukhachevsky wuxuu u dhaqaaqay Kuban. Raggaadiisii waxay soo duuleen gadaashiisa cadowga, Denikinians ayaa qasaaroobay, waxaa lagu riixay badweynta madow.
Markabka dagaalka sokeeye, Tukhachevsky waxaa madax u ahaa ciidanka 7aad iyo bishii Maarso 1921 oo ay xakameeyeen kacdoon ku taal Kronstadt. Ninka militariga ee go'aanka ah ayaa loo diray inuu saadaalin doono fallaagada daafaca tambbov, kaas oo Mikhail Tukhachevsy ay qabsadeen, markii ugu horeysay, ku dabaqa gaas ee cadowga. Asxaabta ayaa xumaatay naxariis darada nin haysta milatariga, kaasoo bixiyay amarro toogashada toogashada khatarta iyada oo aan maxkamad la soo taagin.
Howlgalka Bolsheviks inta lagu gudajiray dagaalka Soviet-Polit-Polit-ka ayaa ku fashilmay: duulaanka lagu caabbiyey, isagoo la kulmay iska caabin xoog badan. Marka hore, geesinimada tababaraha 27-sano jirka ah ayaa keenay guul, laakiin markii la sara kiciyey gacaliyahay, Mikhail Tukhachevsky xoogga ayaa ka sarreeyay xoogga. Marka loo eego Warsaw, ciidamadiisa waxay ku jabeen Yuzef Pilsudsky. Guuldaradii howlgalka Tukuchevsky ayaa la xasuustay 1937.
Dagaalkii Soviet-Polie Polish, Joseph Stalin ayaa ka qeybgalay. Guuldaraarka ka dib, Stalin iyo Tukuchievesky ayaa midba midka kale ku eedeeyay guuldaradii. Noqoshada hoggaamiyaha xisbiga sanadkii 1929, Stalin ma illoobin ku-abuurista Mikhail Tukhachevsky. Markii uu kor u qaaday cambaareyaasha isaga, qorsheysan rabshado. Laakiin horaantii 1930-meeyadii, Joseph Vissariinovich wali ma yeelan shuruud la'aan taageero ah oo ka mid ah asxaabta, sidaa darteed hoggaamiye militari ee dhalinyarada ah ayaa ka baxsaday qabsashada.
Mikhail Tukhachevsky wuxuu ku qoray hal toban buugaag oo ku saabsan aragtida aragtida dagaalka. Sanadkii 1931, "Bonepartete Red Bonaparte" ayaa lagu aaminay door hoggaamineed oo dib-u-habeyn ah iyo dib-u-soo-celin ciidamada, laakiin fikradaha Mikhail Nikoloreyvich ma aysan taageerin Stalin. Bilowga Mikhail Tukhachevsky ee maareynta madaafiicda ayaa la aqoonsan yahay mid aan waxtar lahayn: qaab ballaaran ayaa lagu kharash gareeyay qaabab gacmeed aan is-habboonayn. Tusaale ahaan tusaale waa qori-xiddig-alwaax Dynamo-Julyo-Jul
Sannadkii 1935, Mikhail Tukhachevsy wuxuu noqday Mishaals Feerida Ussr, laakiin daruurtii madaxiisa ayaa madax u ahayd. Awoodda Stalin ayaa xoojisay, hoggaankiisa WCP (B) mar dambe lama carqaladeyn. Bishii Diseembar 1934, ka dib dilkii ka dhacay Leningrad, Sergei Kirov wuxuu bilaabay argagax weyn. Horraantii 1936 tukhachevsky, oo ay la socdaan wafdiga Soofiyeedka, ayaa booqday London, aaska King George V.
Nolol shaqsiyeed
Jacaylka Music Mikhail Tukhachevsky wuxuu ku maray noloshiisa oo dhan. Ilaa 1925, wuxuu saaxiibo la ahaa Dritry Shostakovich. Qorista ayaa booqanaya Marshal. Bartamihii 1930-kii, markii dhaleecaynta Soviet ay ku burburtay Opera Shostakovich "Ladhakth Mtsensky County", Tukuchevsky ayaa difaacday muusikan. Dhanka hore ee hore, Marshal kama aysan guuleysan guulo aan ka badnayn goobta dagaalka. Haweenku waxay ku dhameeyeen ninka quruxda badan ee gobolka, haysashada xoog aan dhameystirneyn iyo muuqaal dhalaalaya.
Xaaska ugu horreysa ee Mikhail Tukhachevsky wuxuu noqday gabadha Penza Raildmanman Maria shidaalka. Waxay kula kulmeen kubad ku taal goobta jimicsiga. Jacaylka jabtay wuxuu meel mariyey imtixaanka waqtiga: Mustaqbalka "Red Marshal" wuxuu ka qalin jabiyay Cadaadihii Cadet Corps, oo hortiisa ka soo gudbay dagaalkii ugu horreeyay ee Adduunka, oo uu shiday dagaal sokeeye. Dayrkii, halkaas oo Masha sugayay isaga, Mikhail Tukhachevsky wuxuu yimid taliyaha ciidamada. Sida aabaha, Mikhail wuxuu guursaday gabadh aan asal ahayn.
Xaasku waxay la socota wadooyinka ninkeeda, iyagoo taageeraya Michael daqiiqado adag oo si kadis ah oo si joogto ah u ah. Khaladkeeda waxay ahayd taageerida ehelka sanadaha gaajaysan. Masha, iyadoo la ogyahay in xaaskii hoggaaminta milatariga sareeya uusan ku dhicin inuu joojiyo, uu wax soo saarkooda u kaxeeyo qof qaraabo ah Penza.
Markii ay ka warbixiyeen "dabeecadda aan naxariis lahayn" ee xaaskii Tukhachevsksk ee dib-u-eegida, Mikhail Nikololevich wuxuu u soo jeediyay in Maryan la fuliso Maryan. Naagtii ayaa isdilay. 27-sano jirka reer guusha leh ee aaska xaaska / seyga ma uusan imaan, isagoo soo maray arrimaha abaabulka mid xadhig ah.
Taliye Jacaylka Labaad ayaa kulmay 1920, dayrta. Ka dib guuldaradii howlgalka Sovie Polish-ka, Tukhachevsky wuxuu u baahday taageero. Waxay ka heshay ka soo baxday aqalka loo abaabulay ee loogu talagalay kaluunka ee kaluunka, oo gurigiisa u dhow spleskensky uu helay. 16-sano jir wajahaya (Lydia) wuxuu lahaa sharaf sharaf leh. Xilliga jiilaalka ee 1921, Mikhail Tukhachevsky wuxuu u soo bandhigay gabadh iyo wadnaha gabadha. Adeer Bilowgii ayaa ku adkeystay in dhalinyarada ay ku dhici lahaayeen kaniisadda. Taliyaha casaanka ayaa ogolaaday, oo arooskii qarsoonna wuu dhacay.
Galgalinta kaniisadda, kuwa ehelka ah waxay arkeen Oden - naxashka ninkii dhintay. Sannad ka dib, qofka lammaanaha uurka leh wuxuu ku dhawaaqay inuu ku soo laabanayo eheladiisa. Lagag wuxuu ka bartay sayidaddeeda, Tatiana Chernolulskaya. Mikhail ma uusan rabin inuu qayb ka helo xaaskiisa, laakiin haweeneyda kama cafinayso. Furriinka ka dib, way guursatay. Gabadha ku dhashay Irina waxay u dhintey gawracatada dhallaanka.
Xaaska saddexaad, Marshal waxay ku kulmay sigaar cabista. Krasavitsa Yozhnik Nina Crinevich ayaa noqotay haweeney wax bartay. Gabadhii Svetlana waxay ku dhalatay guur. Laakiin nolosha qoyska ee hufnaanta Tukhachev ma aha: Marshal wuxuu la yeeshay sheeko uu la leeyahay saaxiibkiis xaaskiisa - Julia Kuzmin. Gabadha ka baxsan ayaa la yiraahdaa Svetlana sidoo kale.
Xadhig iyo kiis dambiyeed
Xilligan rabshado leh oo leh cadowga muddada dheer tukhachevsky stalin ayaa sugayay 1937. Marshal waxaa laga sii daayay ka dib markii uu la wareegay iswiidhishka difaaca iyo loo wareejiyay mawqifka taliyaha degmada Volga ee Volga. Kubyshev, halkaas oo Mikhail Tukhachevsky uu la soo wareejiyay qoyskiisa, in la rajeynayey in la baaro, la xirayo oo uu ku eedeeyo shirqool ka soo horjeedda dowlada.
Bishii Meey 1937, Tukhachevsky waxaa loo gaarsiiyay caasimadda. Nkvd, Nkvd, oo hogaamiyay Nikolai Ezhov, ayaa gaadhay aqoonsiga Marshal xaqiiqada ah in uu yahay basaas Jarmarin oo uu ku sugnaa Bukharin oo uu sameeyay Bukharin oo uu sameeyay qorshe lagu qabto Power. Xilli dambe, iibiyaha Nkvd Alexander Orlov wuxuu tilmaamay in Marshal ay leedahay dukumiintiyo nabadgelyo boqornimo inta lagu gudajiro baaritaanka, Stalin, iyadoo lala kaashanayo iyada. Orlov wuxuu ku dooday in Tukuchevsky uu uurka ku qaatay afgambi, laakiin Gitisisimius wuu ka horreeyey oo la burburiyey.
Sida laga soo xigtay nooc kale, oo taariikhyahan ah oo Ingriis ah uu soo bandhigay guushii Robert, oo madax ka ah Adeegyada Qaaska ah ee Nazi Heydler Anddroch ayaa sameeyay dukumiintiyo been abuur ah oo ku saabsan isku dhafka Tukhachevesky oo ka soo horjeedda Stalin. Ninka beenta ah ayaa ku dhacay gacanta Stalin wuxuuna helay dhaqaaq. Burburkii ka dambeeyay midowga Soofiyeeti, waxay soo baxday in waraaqaha "khiyaamo" "Marshaal Mikhail Tukhachevsksky ay ka dhigto jawiga 'Stalin', oo abaabula daadinta beenta ah ee Heydrich.
Dhimashada
Bishii Juun 1937, kiiska lagu eedeeyay Marshal ee midowga Soofiyeeti Tukuchevsky iyo sideedii taliye sare ee ciidamada sare ayaa loo tixgeliyey shirkii xirtay maxkamadda milatariga. Eedeysanaha ma uusan siin qareen mana u ogolaan inuu rafcaan ka qaato xukunka. Habeenkii Juun 11 illaa 12, eedeysanayaasha waxaa loo aqoonsaday inay dambiile yihiin oo toogasho. Lagu aasay xabaalaha guud ee qabuuraha saldhigga ah ee caasimada.
Dhexgalka jilicitaanka dhagax-gashi ayaa helay qoyskii oo dhan ee Marshal. Xaaska iyo walaalaha Mikhail Tukhachevsky toogasho. Gabadha iyo saddex walaalo ah ayaa loo diray Guag. Hooyo Maurus Petrovna waxay ku dhimatay isku xirka.
Dayactirka Marshal Tukhachevsky ka dib soo-gaadhista Stalinism-ka. Roman oo ku saabsan masiirka taliyaha ayaa qoray Boris Sokonov. In buugga "Mikhail Tukhachevsky: nolosha iyo dhimashada oo ka mid ah" Red Marshal ", qoraaga maareeyey ma Simbiriirixiyey ee dhinacada in image ee geesiga: in Roman Tukhachevsky - qofka qaba xisbiyada daciif ah oo xoog badan, kuwaas oo ku noolaa markii adag .
Xaqiiqda xiisaha leh
- Dhallinta, Mikhail Tukhachevsky wuxuu ballankiisa ka dhigtay iskuulkiisa iskuulka ee Feldfelm. Taliyaha uu ahaa nin naxariis daran. Saddexdegos saaxiibo ah oo ay ka mid yihiin askariga Feldofebor Tukhachevsky wuxuu keenay natiijada nolosha - toogtay.
- Sanadkii 1915, Tukhachevsky waa la qabtay. Marka loo eego qawaaniinta aan dhammaystirnayn, haddii sarkaalka wax ka haysta ah uu siiyay ereyga sharaf ee maaha inuusan raadin fursado uu ka baxsado, wuxuu helay xuquuq badan oo socodsiin kara. Tukuchevsky wuxuu siiyay erayga, laakiin inta lagu gudajiray socodku wuu baxsaday. Xeerkiisa wuxuu dhaliyay caro iyo ka mid ah Jarmalka, iyo saraakiisha maxaabiista Ruushka. Waxay u gudbiyeen codsi wadareed ama amarkii Jarmalka ee ah sharaf la'aan in ay sharaf la'dahay in ay maamuustaan ninka Tukhachevesky.
- Bishii Maarso 1918, isla markiiba ka dib markii uu ku soo biiray xisbiga, Tukhachevsky wuxuu soo bandhigay mashruucii uu u gaarka ahaa mamnuucida masiixiga iyo soo nooleynta jaahilka.
- LEVE TROTTKY oo loo yaqaan 'Tukhachevsky "kacaanka jinniyada". Tukuchevsky ma aqoonsana masuuliyiinta. Waxaa lagu kala soocay caqabadda ugu dambaysa qawaaniintiisa ee ka dhanka ah shacabka rayidka, xeryaha uruurinta, ee ay ka soo baxaan dadka rafleyda leh gaaska.
- Stalin oo loo yaqaan "tukhachevsky" malgalida cas ee cas ". Mikhail NikoloLeevich's qorshayaasha adduunka ee 1927 ee lagu sii daayo 50-100 kun oo taangiyo sanadkiiba ma ahayn mid aan macquul ahayn, laakiin sidoo kale liidata warshadaha. Tukhachevsky wuxuu soo saaray badh bilaabay inuu bixiyo taangiyada. Sidoo kale, "Militirist Cas oo ah" ayaa lagu soo bandhigay inuu soo saaro 40,000 oo diyaaradood sanadkii.