Taariikh nololeed
Schmidt Magaca, oo ka socota Jarmalka iyo luqadaha kale qaarkood, ayaa loo wareejiyay Kuznesov, oo xirtay dad badan oo caan ah - saynisyahano iyo qoraayaal, ciyaartooydo iyo qabqableyaal iyo qabqableyaal. Laba Schmidt ayaa inta badan caan ku ah Ruushka - oo ah kuwa badda madow ee caasiyiinta ah, oo la noqday xareynta ILA iyo Yevgender Petrov, dabeecad uu ka mid ah Baj iyo kaftanka, iyo "Red Columbus" oo loo magacaabay Otto. Cilmi-yarihii Polar wuxuu isku daray kartida xisaabta iyo teophyssics oo leh hibo hay'ad oo ay u muuqatay muuqaalka Santa Claus.Caruurnimada iyo dhalinyarada
Otto yuelinch Schmidt wuxuu ku dhashay dayrta 1891 ee Boqortooyada Ruushka. Filimka taariikh nololeed ee saynisyahankii 1964-kii, waxaa la sheegay in asal ahaan magaalada Moglev, kaasoo door weyn ka sameeyay sayniska, ka dhacday dadka seefsada Latvian. Tani dhab maahan run: awooweyaasha Schmidt ee ka soo jeeda dhinaca Aabaha waa Jarmalka.
Xaqiiqda xiisaha leh ee taariikh nololeedka hore ee Schmidt:
- Sanadkii 1897, oo ah warqad ku saabsan 6-jirka Otto Schmidte wuxuu ka soo muuqday joornaalka Moglev - ilmuhu wuxuu ka adkaaday wabiga magaalada hooyo;
- Markay ahayd 8 sano jir, wiilka wuxuu ku riyooday inuu noqdo "agaasime" oo ka mid ah lamadegaanka Sahara si loo xalliyo dhibaatada biyaha;
- Inta lagu gudajiro tababarka ka jira Kev Gymnasium, Otto mar ma aysan baran caddeynta aragtida la siiyay guriga iyo inta laga soo horjeedo casharka cadayga lagu dhajiyay qaabkiisa uu doonayo.
Dhallinyaradiisa, Schmidt waxay sameysay liistada buugaagta raba inay wax akhriyaan. Waxay soo baxday in xaqiijinta in la ruqayo ay u baahan doonto inay ka fogaato dhimashada kuman kun sano. Ninkii dhalinyarada ah ayaa hoos u dhigay liiska 4 jeer, iyo sidoo kale in loo wajaho hirgelinta riyada, uu yaraaday waqtiga hurdada iyo cunitaanka.
Ka dib markii uu ka qalin jabiyay jimicsiga ee garoonka Dahabka ee dahabka ah, ayuu Otto galay Jaamacadda Kiev. Shaqada sayniska ee lagu daabacay sanadihii ardayda ee garoonka xisaabta ee aragtida xisaabta ayaa ka furay ninkii dhallinyarada ah ee shirkadaha gaarka loo leeyahay (analogue ee dugsi ka qalin jabiyay). Ninkii dhalinyarada ahaa wuxuu isu diyaarinayay inuu helo cinwaanka borofisar.
Waxqabadka cilmiga ah
Schmidt ayaa qirtay in laba qof ay ku noolaayeen - sayniska iyo ficillada: isbadalada dhaqan-dhaqaale ee ka dhacay Ruushka ayaa qancisa kan labaad iyo OTT in ka badan kan ugu horreeya. Intii lagu gudajiray Dagaalkii Adduunka ee I, saynisyahanku wuxuu yimid Kev Merry oo loo soo bandhigo inuu la tacaalo gaajada isagoo soo bandhigaya qaybinta cuntada isaga.
Guusha ka dib kacaankii Oktoobar, Schmidt wuxuu ku soo biiray kooxda Bolsheviks, oo u dhaqaaqday Petrograd, ka dibna Moscow. Si dhakhso ah saynisyahanku wuxuu xubin ka noqday gudoomiyaha cuntada, uu ka qeyb qaatay samaynta rajada laga qabo rajada. Bishii Janaayo 1919, isagoo wakiil ka ah Vladimir Lenin, Otto Yuuliimmah ayaa qaraabo qabyo ah oo ku saabsan macaamilka ay wadaagaan. Mustaqbalka Polarist wuxuu shaqeeyey oo ku dhexjiray daroogada - shaqaalaha tababarka xirfadaha xirfadda.
Qofka aragtida Encyclopedic, Otto Schmidt ayaa noqotay tifatiraha ugu weyn ee "Evycclopedia" Big Societcclopedia ", waajibaadku waxay ahaayeen kuwo aan rasmi ahayn - khaladaadkii laga helay maqaallada ma xoojinayaan, laakiin si sax ah u saxay. Waqti ka dib, guulaha ku gaadhay saynisyahan ku jira duurka juqraafiga iyo cilmiga xiddigiska ayaa lagu daray mudnaanta dhalinyarada ee ku saabsan xisaabta xisaabta.
40-ka qarnigii 20aad, Schmidt wuxuu abuuray mala-awaal ka soo bixitaanka nidaamka qoraxda ee daruur gaas ah. Intii lagu gudajiray dagaalkii waddaniga weyn, saynisyahan, inuu noqdo kuxigeenka madaxweyne-madaxweyne ee akadeemiyada, abaabulka macmiisha cilmi-baarista ee bari.
DIIWAANSHADA
Otto, Schmidte wuxuu noolaa ruux ku-meel-gaadhka ah ee Julles-Vernovsky. In lagu daweeyo Jarmalka, saynisyahanku "wuxuu ku bukooday fuulitaanka buurta iyo 192888888-ka sano ayaa loo abaabulay socdaal uu u tagay muuqaalka dabiiciga ah iyo tirada dabeecadaha dhabta ah ee glacier. Markii uu ka adkaanaya buuraha dhaadheer, Schmidt waxay muujisay mid aan caadi ahayn saynisyahan ahaan saynisyahan ahaan saynisyahan u ah awoodda uu u leeyahay inuu dadka ku hogaamiyo duruufaha deg-degga ah, oo lagu soo booqday ololayaasha badda ee Arctic.
Bilowga Arctic Epopea Otto Julievich ayaa 2 dabaal ah oo ku dabaalanaya barafeedka "sedav". Howlgalka kii ugu horreeyay - "Diblomaasiyiinta iyo diblomaasiyiinta" - Hike wuxuu ahaa in lagu muujiyo xukunka boqortooyada da 'yarta ah ee dalka ka dhacday dhulka Franz Yuusuf. Guulihii soo socda ee socdaalku waxay ahaayeen kor u kaca calanka baaruud ee ku yaal jasiiradda gucker iyo diiwaangelinta gelitaanka woqooyiga mudaharaad ee weelka barafka. Dhamaadka Wettern Socdaalka Waqooyiga, Otto Julichich ayaa xaqiijiyey xaqiiqda jiritaanka jiritaanka jasiiradda fiisaha, oo ah sida meeraha ee Neptune, oo ah xisaabinta xisaabta, iyo jasiiradda loo yaqaan magaca Schmidt.
Sanadkii 1932, saynisyahan, wax yar ka hor, oo uu hogaaminayo Machadka Cilmi-baarista ee Arctic, Alexander Siliryak "si uu u kaco suurtagalnimada ka-hortagga wadada waqooyiga ee hal waqooyiga. Maalintii 14aad, kaqeybgalayaasha ololaha ayaa ka bilaabmay Arkhanggelk waxaa lagu soo gabagabeeyey waqooyiga Dunida oo leh sahaminta Polar-ka halkaas ka hartay 2 sano ka hor intii lagu jiray safarkii labaad ee Schmidt Arctic.
Tan iyo markii ay u dhexeeyeen jasiiradda Bolshevik ee Bolshevik iyo Jasiiradda Taifyr waxaa ka buuxay baraf, safarradu waxay go'aansadeen inay ka gudbaan jasiiradaha woqooyiga, kaas oo ilaa ay suurtagal tahay markab kasta. Bishii Sebtember 10, 200 km oo ka imanaya barafka 'Bering Strait Ice' ayaa jebisay isku xigta barafka, iyo Sibiryakov ayaa kacay. Si kor loogu qaado dhinaca dambe oo loo baabi'iyo burburka, kooxda markabka ayaa 400 tan ka soo jiidatay dhuxusha markabka sanka markabka. Ka dib markii la dayactiro, kaydka shidaalka ee lagu soo celiyo Quudinta Quudinta, iyo Sibeberya waday dabaalanaya.
Ka dib wuxuu raacay shilka labaad. Badmaaxiinta badda ee korisay shiraaca faaruq ah ee barafka barafka, waxay ku soo jiideen markabka fiilooyinka, ku qarxay torus isagoo adeegsanaya ammunta. Bilowga deyrta ee dayrta bishii labaad ee 1932, sibiryakovttsy ayaa ku gaartay Cape Dezhnev oo ay salaamayaan dabiicadda iyo duruufaha. Si dhakhso ah Otto Schmidt ayaa noqotay madaxa rasmiga ah ee sahaminta Sare ee Soofiyeedka Soofiyeedka.
Xilliga xagaaga ee sanadka soo socda, aqoonyahan caan ah oo Arctic Class Epic ayaa la bilaabay - dabaasha markab "celcyluskin", kaas oo ah ingiriisida Bernard Shaw uu soo jiitay musiibo, hab cajiib ah ayaa u beddelay guusha Soviet. Xamuulka rakaabka ee xamuulka qaada ee ku soo urursaday markab deenish ah ayaan la waafajinaynin socodka ee lugaynta Arctic.
Bishii Sebtember 23, ICE, ICE waxay xannibaysaa markabka kaliya meesha shilka sanadkii la soo dhaafay "Sibiryakov". Tan darteed, ku dhawaad ku dhawaad 5 bilood ayaa la raacay, iyo bishii Febraayo 13, dabaqyada barafka ayaa meesha ka saarey uumiga, iyo "celmeyskin" baad. Inta lagu jiro daadguruca, Zanishosis waa la dilay, magaceedu wuxuu ka dhacay magaca magaca magaalada Schmidt.
104-ka qof ee hartay, oo ay ku jiraan 10 haween ah iyo laba caruur ah, ayaa ku qaatay 2 bilood baraf oo la daadgureeyay inta ka badan 20 samatabbixin. Schmidt waxay taageertay ruuxa saaxiibadiisa iyo xitaa akhriska casharada sayniska ee teendhada. Otto Julivich waxaa loogu talagalay in laga daadgureeyo kan dambe, laakiin uu ku xanuunsan yahay oof-wareenka culus, iyo ku adkaysiga dowladdii ay ahayd Abriil 11-kii Abriil 11-keedii lagu daadgureeyay cisbitaalka Alaska.
Moscow ayaa la kulantay "cherysktsev" sida guuleystayaasha. Sawirro badan oo ay qabsadeen Muscovites, soo dhaweyn soo dhawaantaleyda Arctics. Duuliyayaasha gurmadka ayaa noqday geesiyaashii ugu horreeyay ee midowga Soofiyeeti, kaqeybgalayaasha dadka qaangaarka ah ee socdaalku wuxuu helay amarka.
Sanadkii 1937, diyaaradda ay la leeyihiin Otto Schmidt iyo sahamiyayaasha kale ee Polar ayaa gaaray magaalada Woqooyi, iyo saldhigga Soofiyeedka oo leh magac noocan oo kale ah ayaa loo abaabulay meel u dhow "Makaska" ee dhulka. Madaxa dunida ee dunida ku sugan saldhigga daadanaya wuxuu ahaa Ivan Papapapin, oo markii dambe uu ka tuuray Schmidt jagada madaxa madaxa madaxa.
Nolol shaqsiyeed
Lase, buluug-isha, oo leh iftiin deg deg ah, oo ay dooneysay inay kaftamaan kuwa kale iyo in ka badan, Otto wuxuu ku raaxaystay guusha galmada quruxda badan. Saddex haween ah oo aad jeceshahay ayaa soo bandhigtay saynis saddex wiil ah.
Xaaskii ugu horreysay ee Otto Yuuelint - dhakhaatiirta dhaxalka vera yanitsskaya - ka weynaatay saynisyahan muddo 2 sano ah. Kormeerka loogu talagalay wiilka veroboabdha loo adeegsaday aasaaska haweeneyda qoritaanka buugga "xusuus qorka hooyada". Vera Ferorovna, oo ku dhintey 47 sano laga soo bilaabo cudurka qanjirka tayroodh, waa aasaasaha kahadalka Softied.
Xaaska labaad ee Schmidt, asxaabta iimaanka Yavidedaya, Margarita Voisker wuxuu ahaa bini-aadamnimo. Sigurd Schmidt wuxuu galay raadadkii hooyada wuxuuna noqday taariikhyahan caan ah. Chelykinkin EPOPEA ayaa ku soo rogtay sumcadda nolosha shaqsiyeed ee Otto Juliyevich. Saynisyahankii wuxuu uur yeelatay Alexander Gorsaabyaya, oo ka soo shaqeeyey kuleylka. Xiddiga reer Polar ah kama uusan burburin guurka iyadoo loo marayo is-dhaafsi, laakiin ina Sasha wuxuu qirtay magiciisa ugu dambeeya.
Dhimashada
Sanadihii la soo dhaafay ee nolosha, jihayaha hore si xun ayuu u bukooday. Sababta dhimashada dhawr toddobaad gudahood sanadguuradii 65-aad ee ay tahay qaaxada, ayaa lagu tuuray sambabbada ku taal Larnx.
Qabbaarinta tacliinta tacliinta waxay ku taalaa qabuuraha Novodevichy ee caasimada Ruushka.
Xusuus
- Machadka Fiisigiska Dhulka ee la yiraahdo O.yu. Schmidt Akadeemiyada Ruushka ee cilmiga tacliinta
- Asteroid (2108) "Otto Schmidt"
- Schmidt Plain ee Antarctica
- O
- Cape Otto Schmidt - Cape on Chukukotka (RF)
- Cape Schmidt - Nooca Nooca-Nooca-Noocan ah ee Chukukoka (RF)
- Schmidt Avenue ee Mogilov (Jamhuuriyadda Belarus)
- Schmidt Avenue ee Dejinta Gudaha Nikolina Mountain (Odintsovo Degmada Gobolka Moscow, RF)
- Matxafka dugsiga "Sheekada wax ka qabashada Arctic. O.yu. Schmidt MOU "Gymnasium No. 4" Murmansk (RF)
- Pak o.yu. Schmidt (5954 m) - "tianshhana Kinchinjung" (oo loo yaqaan meesha ugu sarreysa)
- Barafka mashruuca 51 "Otto Schmidt" (ilaa 1938, Anastas Mikoygan, ayaa la joojiyay 1968)
- Icebreak-ka cilmi baarista sayniska ee mashruuca 97n "Otto Schmidt" (muddada hawlgalka: laga soo bilaabo 1979 ilaa 1991).
- Magacyada: OYUSSCHINLL (a): "Otto yuliicech Schmidt on baraf", oo ah): "LagshMinald (a):" SchshMivar on Ice ", Lammivar (a),"
- Bust O.yu. Schmidt ee matxafka badda waqooyiga (Arkhanggels, RF)
- Stamps Boostada 1935, 1966 iyo 2001. Siideynta.
Baybalka
- 1916 - "" Astaamaha kooxda ee aan la fahmi karin "
- 1926 - "Wadahadal iyo sayniska dabiiciga ah: Tusaalooyinka kala-guurka tirada tayada"
- 1933 - "Aragtida Kooxda Naafada ah"
- 1934 - "Baadhitaanka Arctic ee Midowga Soofiyeeti"
- 1936 - "Howlahayaga 1936. Waxaan soo sheegnay kulan ka shaqeeya shaqaalaha guryaha ee nidaamka Glavsevmprothuti ee USSR SCC 13 Jan. 1936 "
- 1944 - "Meteorite aragtida asalka dhulka iyo meerayaasha" (Dokl. Akadeemiyada cilmiga ee USSR)
- 1947 - "suurtagalnimada lagu qabsado makaanikada jannada"
- 1948 - "Dhibaatada lagu qabsado howsha sedex mayd"
- 1949 - "Asalka dhulka iyo meerayaasha"
- 1957 - "Afarta casharka oo ku saabsan aragtida asalka dhulka"
- 1959 - "shaqooyinka la xushay. Xisaabta "