Taariikh nololeed
Magaca hoggaamiyaha caanka ah ee Jarmal iyo farshaxanka Austria Johannes Brahms dhacay Sharaf leh ee hogaanka seddex ka mid ah composers weyn, halkaas oo Ludwig van Beethoven iyo Johann Sebastian Bach ayaa hore u soo galay. A biyaaniiste talented, kaari iyo qoraa sii xeerkii horreeyay oo ku qoray daraasiin shuqullada for biyaano, xubin, codad, galidoonaan qolkii iyo orchestra Symphony.Caruurnimada iyo dhalinyarada
Johannes of Brahms, kii u dhashay on May 7, 1833, waxay ahayd nasiib, maxaa yeelay, wuxuu noqday ina a-abuur leh hibo Jarmal Johanna Yacquub, kuwaas oo ay leedahay string iyo dabaylaha wata alaabtii muusikada. Iyadoo uu raali ka aamusan oo uu naagtiisa, Joanna Nissen, kuwaas oo la soo shaqeeyay seamstress guri, Johann bilaabay inuu baro dhexe-beeray of shahaadada warshadaynta hargaha iyo Azam ciyaaro ee violin iyo halaabaan.
In 1842., wiilka la siiyey daryeelka macalinka Otto Kosel inay ka adkaadaan aasaaskii Halabuurka iyo biyaano. Thanks to hoggaanka mentor u khibrad at 10-sano jir ah, Brahms bilaabay inuu siiyo riwaayadaha, iyo in 1845 wiilka ka kooban sonatoo ugu horeysay ee madax banaan.
Waalidiinta ahaayeen dhanka ah takhasuska ee ka kooban, laakiin mentor ah u awoodin inuu iyaga ka dhaadhiciyo, iyo Johannes dhaqaaqay fasalka ee laxamiistaha Edward Markessen, soo bixiyey on shuqullada Franz Schubert, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart iyo Josef Haidna.
In 1849, markii laxamiistaha laylis ah iyo biyaaniiste aan aad iyo riwaayad noqday, shirkad Hamburg ee Cranz heshay xuquuqda ay u qoray oo la sii daayay xisbiga music uu ku saxeexan yahay anagu ee G. W. Marks. magaca asalka ah ee Brahms bilaabay in ay isticmaalaan ka 1851th ee, ka dib markii la daabaco "Scherzo Or.4" iyo gabaygii "Return in hooyo" ( "Heimkehr"), dabadeedna u baabbi'iyey ay sabab u tahay qanacsanaan iyo Hawadooda, waayo, wanaagsanaanta.
Sababo la faders sida, bulshada waxay bilaabeen in ay ku faafaan xaqiiqooyinka xiiso leh Johannes reebay shuqullada hore, maxaa yeelay, waxay ka dhawaajiyeen in baararka iyo dhillaysiga, laakiin waxa uusan buuxin xaqiiqada dhabta ah, iyo wararka xanta ah si deg deg ah ma dacwayn.
Muusik
In 1853, Brahms Qabanay uu booqasho shakhsi ah Robert Shuman oo helay eegis xamaasad daabacay maqaalkan "The Road Young". ammaantaada Tani daran heerarka is-muhiim ah oo sababay walaac ma u dhigma sida rating sare. Haddaba sidaas daraaddeed, ka tagis waqtiga ka dibad-qoraallada u gaar ah, Brahms siiyey taxane ah riwaayada. In 1852, isagoo warkii artist ka helay, Johannes go'aansaday in la daabaco iyo wareejiyay galkaaga laba sonat biyaano ah iyo gabayo xagga by Leipzig shirkad Breitkopf & Härtel.
Si kastaba ha ahaatee, Brahms eryaday, oo waxay fashilaad ku bilaabay la failure ee Ciyaar ka mid ah ruwaayad ee xilliga qaboobaha ee 1859. Oo bandhigga labaad, falcelinta ee dadweynaha soo baxday in si cadaawad in qoraaga iyo jilaa lahaa ka dhicis qaban tagay goobta. Sidaas darteed of Johannes, cadaabi on taageerayaasha iyo dhaleecayn, dhexgalay in muran ku saabsan gobolka music Jarmal iyo sameeyey weerar lagu qaaday ee "Dugsiga New", madax by Richard Wagner iyo Ferinets.
qiimayn Kaasi waxa uu ahaa ku filan inay iska ilaawaan xaaladda ka jirta hooyo, oo degay Academy Sovic ah, qaadashada post ee madaxa iyo kaari. laxamiistaha ayaa waxaa markaas ku istiwooday in Baden-Baden, oo waxay bilaabeen shaqeeya on shuqullada caan ugu, oo ay ku jiraan "Jarmal Ciidamo", taas oo, ka dib isagoo intaa ku daray Solo finalka "IHR Habt Nuun Traurigkeit", uu guul cajiib ah.
Isla muddadaas, laxamiistaha ugu soo bandhigay Taxanaha buuxiya oo ka mid ah "Hungarian Dance" iyo ururinta Waltz for Vocal afar maalmood oo Piano. Under saameynta ay faa'iido of guusha Brahms, waxa suurto gal ahayd in la dhameystiro hawlaha waawayn muddo dheer bilaabay iyo sii daayo Cantata reer Rinaldo, ee "Symphony ugu horeysay", oo qayb ka ah taas oo ahayd "hobeeyaa" caanka ah, iyo "Rhapsodia" for dhigiisa ah, heesta lab iyo orchestra.
Hagaysa fannaaniin of Music Vienna ee Society, Johannes abaabulay Ciyaar ka mid ah curiyay cusub, kaas oo ka mid ah shaqo kale, waxay ka dhawaajiyeen "Isbadalka on mawduuca of Haydna", quartets codka iyo "songs toddoba heesta isku qasan", ku qoran 1874tii.
Ka dib markii in, ammaanta laxamiistaha ugu tegey ka baxsan xuduudka reer Central Europe, iyo Brahms waxaa la guddoonsiiyey lacagta la qaderiyo, sharaf iyo abaalmarino, iyo sidoo kale aqoonsan yahay muwaadin sharafeedka Hamburg. In 1882, uu lagu casuumay si ay u gutaan riwaayad ka biyaano labaad, Ulasocto orchestra maxkamadda adduunka caanka ah ee Mininghange iyo in la sameeyo diiwaanka tijaabo ee cayaarta Hungarian on phonofece keenay by Thomas Edison.
In 1890, marka ay shuqulladii ka ahaayeen ay ugu sarreysey ee dadka, Brahms ka dib markii yiqiin la Johann Strauss II lama filaan ah go'aansaday inuu ka tago qoraal iyo hadal keliya sida kaari ah oo biyaaniiste. Laakiin fikrado haray karti, waxay ku noqdeen hal-abuurka iyo ka qaaday qaab in Trio iyo Sonatas for clarinet iyo List Long ee Intermezzo iyo ruwaayado kale biyaano.
Nolol shaqsiyeed
In kasta oo aqoonsi hal abuur leh oo caan, Brahms ku guuldareystay inuu farxad in uu nolosha gaarka ah iyo, sida laga soo xigtay dokumentiyo arkiifiyo, marna wuxuu qabay naag ama caruur. Waxa uu la kulmay lifaaqa dareen in Clare Schuman, laakiin xataa dhimashada naxdinta lahaa seygeeda, muusikiiste weyn iyo laxamiistaha ah, ku hadhay, iyada oo leh ee xiriirka tur iyo muujinta furan ee dareenkooda ku kaydsan yihiin ka dib.
In 1859, oon raaxo qoyska qasbay Johannes si ay u galaan in gabadha dhalinyarada ah Agata von Zhibolt, kuwaas oo lahaa nimcada aristocrat iyo cod erya qabtay. Laakiin caayo ee Clara iyo wada hadalka ka kacay agagaarka ururka this keentay in dillaac ah ee hawlgelinta ah, kaasoo ka tagay sumadda ee "String Sex" Sol Yar ".
Ka dib kala tagii dhexdeenna, Brahms noqday qof u xiran yihiin, ayaa muujiyay dareenka kaliya in shuqullada, oo keliya waxba ma macnaheedu novel leh oo gabayaa ahaa ee Barbie Aley iyo xiriir saaxiibtinimo oo fargeeto weyn lagu haadiyey of Elizabeth von Gezogenberg qudhiisu ogol yahay.
Dhimashada
In 1896, Brahms helay joonis ah, oo ka dhigay in buro beerka ku dul yaal, ugu dhakhsaha badan jidhka oo dhan waxaa ku dhacay. Laakiin laxamiistaha ugu daciif ah wuxuu sii waday inuu music koobanahay oo u muuqday in dadweynaha ay qabatay orchestra ah. hadalka ee la soo dhaafay, ee lagu qabtay March 1897, sarre ka dhigay, oo Johannes baxay inuu goobta ku mahad guud ee soo dhaweyn diiran.Hal bil ka dib, xaaladda sii xumaatay, oo wuxuu lahaa in ay dayacaan booqashada Ciyaar ee Strauss Operetta ah "Goddess ee maskaxda" iyo ku qaataan inta kale ee maalmood ee guriga Viennese xirtey sariirta. Sidaas darteed, kansarka beerka ku qaaday dheelitirka ee ciidamada laxamiistaha iyo sababa uu dhintay on April 3, 1897.
Jirku wuxuu of hanad 63-sano jir ah waxaa lagu aasay qabriga ku yaalla qabuuraha Austria Wiener Zentralfriedhof, hoos taallo ku saabsan mashruuca ee naqshadeeyaha ugu Belgian Victor Orta iyo Taalladaas ee sculptor Austria Ilze von Tvardov.
Shaqooyinka muusikada
- 1853 - Op. 1 "Sonata No. 1" maxaa yeelay, Piano C-dhaceen bilihii
- 1854 - Op. 9 "Isbadalka on mawduuca R. Shuman" for biyaano
- 1857 - Op. 11 "Serenade tirada 1" ee orchestra D-dhaceen bilihii
- 1858 - Op. 15 "Concert No. 1" maxaa yeelay, biyaano la orchestra D-Moll
- 1861 - Op. 24 "Isbadalka iyo Fugue on Handel" for Piano B-dhaceen bilihii
- 1864 - Op. 32 "Lieder und Gesänge" ( "Songs iyo Gurtida")
- 1865 - Op. 36 "String Safartay tirada 2" G-dhaceen bilihii
- 1868 - Op. 45 "Jarmal Ciidamo" for soloists, choir iyo orchestra
- 1869 - Op. 50 "Rinaldo" Cantata waayo, xukunka, heesta lab iyo orchestra
- 1870 - Op. 52 "Liebeslieder-Walzer" ( "Songs of Love") Valtza for Vocal afar maalmood oo Piano Afar Hands
- 1870 - Op. 53 "Rapseody" ee dhigiisa ah, heesta lab iyo orchestra ( "Alto Rhapsody")
- 1876 - Op. 68 "Symphony No. 1" C-Moll
- 1877 - Op. 73 "Symphony No. 2" D-dhaceen bilihii
- 1879 - Op. 79 "Rapseody for Piano"
- 1885 - Op. 98 "Symphony No. 4" E-Moll
- 1892 - Op. 117 "Saddex Intermezzo" for biyaano
- 1896 - Op. 122 "dartaa Choralvorspiele" ( "Kow iyo qasiidooyinka hordhac") xubinta ka