Biography
ChiGiriki chekare chakafunga kSenofan kolofonsky yaionekwa sekutarisirwa kwevamiriri vechikoro cheElas, iyo yaifunga nezvehukama uye nekuita kusingaperi uye kuve nekuongorora ruzivo uye kuve. Sekureva kwenyaya dzakachengetedzeka uye kutaura, muzivi haana kugoverana mafungiro akanyanya kugamuchirwa nechitendero uye akazova shamwari yezvikwangirwo uye vanogunun'una, izvo, mukati mavo, zvaakanyora.Fate
Kubva mukubiridzira pamusoro peiyo yekutanga Biography yeXenophan, pakanga paine zano rekuti akaberekerwa munenge 570 BC. Ns. Uye aive wedzinza rose kuderera kana orgapens of the Kolofonsky, aigara mumitemo yekubatanidza munharaunda yeiyo Izmir.
Maererano neruzivo rwakaiswa kubva ku "zvinyorwa" zveGreek yechiGiriki, panguva yePersion kuungana, murume wechidiki uyu akabatwa nevazivi evaranda uye akatengwa nevazivi vePythagorean, zita rake raive nemukoma naParmenis.
Mushure mekusunungurwa, kutora kumeso kweiyo nhetembo yeiyo nhetembo yeEmorovsky Epic, Xenofan yakawana kuSouthern Italy uye kwenguva yakati kupa maonero eEnesi, Katana neSiranuse. Panguva imwecheteyo, iye angave achipinda muvadzidzi veArielera kana Bhodhi Atenean uye mweya wemubhusafu hweuzivi, hwakagadzirwa mune yakanyorwa yakanyorwa pasina kutora chikamu chemimhanzi.
Anoshandisa zvinyorwa "nheyo yeColorofoni" uye "chinhu muElia Itali", maererano nemamwe mishumo, akawana vashambiringa, uye kubva kwavari akasikwa mune simba reSifial, dzakachengetedzwa angangoita makumi maviri.
Munhetembi emitemo weXenofan, pfungwa dzake dzaive dzakafukidzwa, dzaigamuchirwa vazukuru vechidiki uye vazivi vechidiki uye vakaumba iyo yeiyo Elas chikoro chenguva yekutanga, pamwe nemafambiro emmonism uye kusava nechokwadi.
Naizvozvo, kupona kusvika pakukwegura uye anenge 475 kusvika n. Ns. Nekutora rufu pachikonzero chisina kujairika uye chisingazivikanwe, Xenofan inofemerwa Socratic Dialectics uye Sophism.
Uzivi
Xenofan, uyo kwemazana emakore haana kuita zvake ruzivo rwehunyanzvi, aionekwa seimwe vamiriri vekutanga erushiff, iyo ichishoropodza pfungwa yechitendero uye Mwari. Mumhando yeSatiirical, akaisa pfungwa dzechinyakare nezvePolyterism, achifunga nezve mifananidzo yeOlympians ine chigadzirwa chekufungidzira kwevanhu.Mukufunga kwake, vamwari vakagadzira havana kodzero yekushandura kupinda mumanamato wekunamatira, sezvo ivo vakareva vanhu ngano 'ngavasiye mukuteerera mutsika uye kwetsika.
Chikonzero chete chekuonekwa kwekudenga muzivi chaiona kuti kusaziva, iko kwakava pfungwa huru yeiyo yekare pfungwa uye nekutenda kumabhuku eGesiod uye Homer yakapa mukana we vamwari. Aitenda kuti icho chekutanga, uyo akazvara kukosha kwakawanda, raive department risinganzwisisike, raivapo munyika pakutanga uye raive rakavakirwa pane pfungwa yekuve.
Icho ichi bhora risingabvumirwe-yakafanana neyunifomu iyo yakasarudzika pese pese pese, inogona kupa ruzivo rwakakwana uye nekuwana revo pazvinhu zvakawanda. Musiyano akadaro pakati pekunzwisisa kweanonzwisisa uye disembodied akaratidzira kutanga kweiyo dzidziso yeruzivo, iyo yakataura kuti kana pasina munhu akawana chokwadi, zvaisazowana chokwadi chacho.
Huzivi hwakadaro hwakaguma nekukurukurirana pamusoro pekuenderera mberi uye kusiyanisa kwenyaya uye kwakaisa kutanga kwemaficha, zvichienderana neizvo zvese zvinoitwa nezvokuziva, kunzwa, kufunga uye kufunga uye kuda pfuma.
Kuona nyika yakakomberedza pfungwa yakadaro, Xenofan yakaita mupiro unokosha kune sainzi yekare yechiGiriki, ichitsanangura zviitiko zvakasikwa zvakanyorwa, zvakabarwa kubva pasi nemvura. Nekudaro, muhurumende yehunyanzvi "pane zvakasikwa", yakachengetedzwa muchidimbu mushanduro yaA. S. Pushkin, musayendisiti akafunga nezve Gungwa repakutanga, iro rinotonga neFossil, uye vakasika nyika dzakawanda.
Ehe, vanhu vakararama panguva iyoyo havana kugona kugamuchira izvi uye dzimwe pfungwa dzakawanda dzePairoti, dzakavandudzwa mudzidziso dzeEnia uye vanogunun'una kusimudza zvipo zvavo. Kutenda kwavari uye mitsara yakasara ndeye mabasa aXenophane, ivo vazukuru vakagamuchira mazano pamusoro pemafungiro, uye mudzidzi anozivikanwa waPlato Aristotle akazvipira kurira kwacho kune muzivi.
Quotes
- "Zvese izvo vanhu vasina kuvimbika uye zvinonyadzisa, zvinozivikanwa kuvamwari Hemeri naHesiod: kuba, upombwe uye kunyengera."
- "Zvese (zvakamuka) kubva pasi uye zvese zvichadzokera muvhu pakupedzisira."
- "Asi kana nzombe, mabhiza nehumba dzaive nemaoko uye ugovakesa uye kuti ugadzire mabasa (art) sevanhu, ipapo mabhiza airatidza kuti mabhiza, miviri yerudzi urwu, chii mufananidzo wemuviri wemuviri wavo (imwe neimwe nenzira yavo). "
BHAIBHERI
- "Nezve Chisiko"
- "Nheyo dzeColorofon"
- "Elion mu elea Italy"