Kwemakore anopfuura 130 kubva panguva yaakakwira pa25 m pamusoro pemigwagwa yeChicago kuvaka chivakwa cheinishuwarenzi chepamba, iyo inoonekwa seyekutanga skyscraper munyika. Mugadziri William le Baron Jenny anovakwa izvi zvinoshamisa panguva imwe chete. Pakazosvika 2020, vangangoita zviuru zvishanu "matenga" vakaoneka papasi, uye chiuru chimwe chiri muDanho rekuvaka. Pasinei nenyaya yekuti ruzhinji rwezvivakwa zveCyclopic inowira paAsia neUnited States, muEurope munewo Ultriggh Skyscrapers - Nezve Chikamu chepamusoro cheEurope chinondiudza zvinhu 24cm.
Soviet "tucheseza"
Gigantantantia - chido chechido chekusangoita chete vekunze vekunze. Makore matanhatu mushure mekutanga skyscraper kune matongo ematongo (akati imba yeinishuwarenzi yakabviswa muna 1931), kuvakwa kwemuzinda wemasobhe kwakatanga kuMoscow. Ichi chimiro chechinyakare, kureba kweiyo kwaifanirwa kuve 415 m, uye nekuda kwezviyero zvazvino kukosha kukosha uku kunonakidza.Nehurombo, iyo nyanzvi haina kupihwa kuti ishandiswe. Kuvakwa kwechivako, icho chaive chiratidzo chekupemberera kweCommunist Pfungwa dzeCommunist Hunhu hwenyika dzeMadokero, dzakatadzisa Hondo yechipiri yandakatanga muna 1939.
Pasinei nenyaya yekutsvaira kwehunyanzvi hwekutsvaira kwakundikana, uye mongororo yaLenin haina kufanirwa kukwidziridzwa pamusoro pematare eUaurasia, kukwezva kwe "kuteedzana" hutungamiriri hweSoviet hazvina kunyangarika.
Zvirongwa zviviri zvemakore mashanu, kubva 1947 kusvika 1947 kusvika 1957, zvivakwa 7, zvivakwa 7 zvakaonekwa muMoscow, izvo vagari veRussia nevatorwa vanoziva pasi pezita rekuti "Stalinist Heights". Pakati peMamongi "Tuchazov", sevanhu veRussia vanonzi masheya kunyange pamberi pechisimba muEurope kubva 1950 kusvika 1990, vachipa chinzvimbo chekutanga kuFrankfurt "Messeturma" .
Kukunda kweRussia
Muna 1997, iyo Okrtobank-Shongwe Skyscraper yakatanga kuburitswa, yakagadzirwazve muGerman Frankfurt Amai main. Nekudaro, mushure memakore masere, hutungamiri mukuvaka zvikuru muEurope chikamu chinodzoserwa kuMoscow - Mutungamiriri wechi 264-metramiti wemba anokunda ari pedyo neLaringrad High. Kubva pane izvi zvichienda mberi, "yakakwirira-chete inokunda yeEurope" inosara shure kweRussia, chete nzvimbo dzekutanga dzinofamba kubva kune imwe metropolitan chivakwa chitsva kune imwe - uye zvese muMoscow Bhizinesi Center.
Kunze kwaive 2012, apo basa rekutanga violin vakaenda kuLondon 310-metred the shard. Asi atova muna 2013, mushure mekupera kwebasa pakuvakwa kweguta reCoury tower, muchengeti wemakwikwi mumakwikwi ari wepamusoro muEurope, zvivakwa zvakadzokera kuMoscow.
Muna 2016, shongwe yekumabvazuva yaive yakakwira yaive yepamusoro yeEurope, iyo gore yakazopera zita iri rakavakwa mu St. Petersburg "Laktta Centre" Shongwe, iyo iri pamhenderekedzo yeiyo gomo reFinland.
"Laktta Centre"
Iyo 87-Storey Skyshaper yechivakwa chepamusoro chivakwa chepamusoro muEurope chikamu cheLakhta Center Yemagariro uye Boka - Kubva muna 2017 ndiyo hofisi huru yePJSC Gazprom. Pamusoro peshongwe, iyo itsva bhizinesi dunhu re570 zviuru mativi metres. Metres inosanganisira chimwe chei chimwe chivakwa chemultifauntiMugadziri wacho aive muBritish Dhizaini uye Architectural Bureau Rmjm, ayo mahofisi makuru ari kuElinburgh. Exclusiva Dhizaini SRL vakapindura vafambi, iyo yakakunda iyo nyoro yeiyo gadziriro yemasevhisi. Mari yakakwana yekuvakwa kweiyo bhizinesi kufungidzirwa pamadhora mazana mapfumbamwe emadhora. Vanopfuura zviuru gumi gumi nezvisere vane gumi nevaviri vanobva munyika 20 vakakwezvwa nekuvaka.
Maererano neiyo purojekiti, iyo yakaoma iri kuvakwa, mukuwedzera kune mazana matatu emamita mamirimita emitambo yehofisi, inosanganisirawo:
- Vana vesayenzi uye chedzidzo nzvimbo;
- kiriniki yekurapa;
- Overview chikuva chiri pakukwirira kwemamita mazana matatu nemashanu;
- maresitorendi uye cafeteria;
- Dzimba dzekuratidzira;
- aquatic Amphitheatre;
- mitambo yakaoma;
- Planetariari.
Hapana mutengo wekuvaka pasina nguva dzekuda kuziva. Zvikuru kunyanya kana zvasvika kune chirongwa chakadai sekuvakwa kwechivako chepamusoro muEurope. Izvo zvakanaka kune iyo Laktta Center Skyscraper.
Chokwadi Zvinonakidza Pamusoro Pamusoro pe "Lakhta Centre"
Isu takaunganidza chokwadi chinonakidza chakabatana nekuvakwa kukuru, kwakaderera mumakondinendi eUmasia muEuropean chikamu cheEurasian Contincal kuenda kuOstankino muOstankino, chivakwa chiri mukugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvisina musoro.
1. Kupiwa zvinhu zvenzvimbo yepamusoro yeEuropean Skyscraper - kuswededzwa nemvura uye kushaya simba kwevhu pakuvaka, - pasi peshongwe ine 264 metameters, ichisiya muvhu nemamita makumi masere nemasere. Iyo inopawo gadziriro yekudzivirira yehwaro hwemamita makumi matatu yakakwirira, ichiva kuchengetedzwa kweiyo scesscaper uye kuchengetedza maitiro emvura yepasi.
2. Shanda nekuvhunduka kweshumende yakawira muBhuku reGuinnonge mubhuku renhoroondo sedanho risina kumbobvira rakazara neEurope musangano kwete muEurope chete kwete muEurope chete, asiwo munyika. Maitiro acho akaenderera mukati meawa makumi mashanu - panguva ino 19.6 Zviuru zvitema zvemabhuru emakonzo.
3. Mhinduro yekutanga yakashandiswa kugadzira shongwe ye "Lakhtta Centre" Paunenge Uchigadzira Center "Shongwe - Iyo Yakareba" inoitirwa cylinder yeSimbi uye kongiri, mukati meiyo inoshanda, tambo uye mapaipi, masitepisi uye livator migodhi yakaiswa. Basa guru re "kernel", pane iyo pfungwa yeinjiniya, kuchengetedza kwekuvimbika kwekuvaka pasi pezvinhu zvekunze zvinhu, kusanganisira chiitiko cheSecism. Izvo zvinhu zvinoshandiswawo chivimbiso chakakwirira chekuchengetedza moto - zvinyararire kusvika maawa mana emurazvo wekuratidzira pasina kuchinja hunhu.
4. Kuti uwane kurerutsa hanya, shongwe inopa njanji dzakasarudzika dzichimhanya nemicheto yeiyo chimiro chemugadziro wepamusoro pekuwedzera kwekuvaka. Ivo vanofambisa trolleys vaifanira kushandira chivakwa, kusanganisira yekugeza windows.
5. Magirazi akaiswa mu "Lakhtta Centre" Shongwe ine gobvu ye4 cm uye ichiramba zvakakanganisika mitoro isina kukuvara pasina kukuvara. Tyora yakadaro ivhu-denderedzwa package inorehwa kwete chete nerubatsiro rwepristi, asi kunyangwe nemupfumi.
6. Chivakwa ichi chinopa kune yakakosha kumashure, nekuda kwekuti icho chivakwa chinogona kushandurwa mumuti wepamusoro weKisimusi muEurope. Kekutanga, izvi zvakaitika musi waZvita 31, 2018.
7. Chivakwa chine grossival. Nekudaro, sezvo mwero wemakore dzimwe nguva dzimwe nguva zvichipfuura neshongwe spire, imwe system yekuzvidzwa kwemagetsi kubva kujeko rekunze kweshongwe inopihwa zvakare nenzira dzakakosha dzeThexodes.
Shongwe imwe
Mukupedzisa, zvakakodzera kucherechedza kuti "Laktta Centre" Shongwe inoreva chikamu chezvivakwa zvekutonga. Asi mubhizinesi "Moscow-guta" rakavakirwa nehurefu hweMabhodhi e404 m - Ichi chivakwa chichava chakakwirira chekugara muEurope, iyo inofungidzirwa kuti isingabvumirwe pamakumi mana emakumi maviri emamita mita.