Biography
Iyo Dutch Foniker Benedict Spinoza ndiyo yakanga iri yekutungamira yechizivi cheVii zana, iyo iri muEpoch yekujekeswa inomiririra Eastan Europe yeChisikigo yeCoungan. Akafuridzirwa nemazano aRené Descartes, akashandisa nzira inonzwisisika uye akasimbisa maonero ake ekuona, Mwari uye pfungwa yeupenyu.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Benedict, kana Bharuki, de Spinos akaberekerwa munaNovember 24, 1632 Mumhuri yevaJudha vechiDutch - Sepratov, kudzingwa kubva kuPortugal. Baba vaivawo nebhizimusi rekutengeserana kwechibereko, uye mai vake vakamubatsira muchitoro, vaiita imba uye vakatarisa vana vashanu.
Kutevera tsika dzemadzitateguru echitendero, iyo yeramangwana yakaenda kuchikoro chaicho chakakosha, kupi, kuwedzera kune zvinhu zvakawanda zvedzidzo, Talmud nechiHebheru zvakadzidzwa. Ikoko, pane iri nemabhuku anorerazbheri, akasangana nemabasa evafundisi vekare akashanduka uye achidudzira mudziyo wezvechitendero chemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi naMosesi.
Nenguva isipi, pasi pekutanga kwevadzidzisi vane ruzivo vaSauro vaSauro naMantira, Ben Israel Benedict Benedict Latin's Azas uye vakadzidza chiPutukezi uye Spanish. Akatanga kufarira mabasa epasirese, asi zvaisatadzisa mubereki weiyo yekare yechiJudha, kuti averenge munamato wekuchema weKadhishi.
Sezvo akatigamuchira nhaka, Spinosa akaramba kuenderera mberi nebhizinesi remhuri uye akaendesa muridzi wemunun'una uye hanzvadzi yakura. Akasangana nevatinosangana navo uye munguva pfupi vakadzingwa munharaunda yechiJudha, nekuda kwekuti akakwanisa kuenderera mberi nedzidzo yavo mune yakavanzika yeJesuit koreji.
Jaya racho raive rekudzidza rakadzama resainzi uye uzivi, uye zvinopfuura vamwe vaifarira basa rakanyorwa naRews descarts. Kuti ugone kurarama nekudzidza chiHebheru uye kuchema magiramu ezvinyorwa, izvo zvakaita kuti zvigadzirise kudhinda yekutanga isingazivikanwe yesainzi.
Pakupera kwegumi nematanhatu, Spinosa musoro wevanofunga, izvo zvakachinja zvakanyanya bioography yake uye zvakachinja hupenyu hwake hwakazotevera. Akazivikanwa sekutyisidzira utatu uye tsika uye akapetwa kubva kuAmsterdam nekuti aive akabatanidzwa nePurotesitendi uye akatsigirwa pachena.
Hupenyu Hwako
Maererano nemapikicha ezvinyorwa zvakachengetedzwa, Spinosa haana hanya neupenyu hwake, saka akange asati ambove nemumwe mukadzi kana vana. Akaratidza munhu akasurukirwa muEnyappurg, vorbüurg uye hague, anowana kugeda-geda kwemiwiwa uye kuwana mipiro kubva kushamwari.Uzivi
Kuti vabate muhunyanzvi, benedict vakaendeswa kumaodzanyemba kweHolland uye vakanyora zvinyorwa zvebasa "kurapa pane kuvandudzwa kwepfungwa." Mukuwedzera, akatanga kushanda pazuva rekutanga re "tsika" yakakurumbira "akadzidza basa renhengo dzeLondon Royal Sciencelogy Sangano.
Pfungwa huru yezvakanyorwa nenguva ino yaive kuziva kwemunhu wehunhu hwake, iyo yakatungamira munyori kune kunyatso funda yehunyanzvi uye metaphysics yekuve. Pfungwa iyi yaive yakabatana nechinhu chisingaperi cheunivhesiti, icho kubva pane chero maonero aive akazvikonzera pachayo.
Kupesana kweZvirevo zvevakadhindwa, uyo aive munhu anozivikanwa rosaitalist, anodzingwa akafunga nezvese zvinotevera zvinhu zvinotaurwa nezvenyaya. Tsananguro yekufunga uye kutambanudzwa kwaionekwa senge mupiro kuPsychology uye kushandiswa mukuita maitiro emuviri wemuviri, une mweya.
Chokwadi cheuzivi hwenyika chakatsunga kutsunga, sevazhinji vechisikirwo, avo vane tsika vakatanga kuvakwa pane kugona kwakasimba. Naizvozvo, pfungwa ye "kuda kwaMwari" akatsanangura nezvikonzero zvechinangwa, kucherechedza kucherechedzwa kwakanaka kwekufungidzira nezve rusununguko rwekuda uye mukana.
Chero chiito, zvemukati kana zvekunze, benedict yakabatana nenyika yezvinhu, yaive iripo muchadenga yakavakwa "zvinoenderana nemaitiro ezvinhu." Munhu ane muviri ane mutumbi wakatorwa, anogona kusvika mufaro uye kuwirirana, kutungamirirwa nechikonzero, pfungwa, mitemo, zvido uye intuition uye intuition.
Kuti uwane kusangana kwepfungwa kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana dzeruzivo rwevafundisi, vakararama panguva vakashoropodzwa, uye zvimwe zvacho zviratidzo zvezvikwangwani zvemberi. Asi Pasinei neizvi, mazwi eSpinoza akapararira uye nenguva akava aphorisms, sezvo basa rega rega rakanyorwa rakabudiswa munyika dzeRussia neEuropean.
Rufu
Chikonzero chekufa kweBenedict Spinoza musi waFebruary 21, 1677 yaive pulmonary tuberculosis, yaive yakabatana nefodya yekuputa fodya. Muviri wakawira muguva rose, iyo midziyo nemavara zvakaparadzwa, uye zvipenyu zvinoshamisa zvipenyu zvakaburitswa pasina munyori.BHAIBHERI
- 1660 - "Kuna Mwari, Munhu Nomufaro Wake"
- 1662 - "Kurapa pamusoro pekuvandudzwa kwepfungwa uye nzira iyo yakanakisa kutumirwa kuZivo yechokwadi yezvinhu"
- 1663 - "Basics yeuzivi 'madhiri, yakaratidza nzira yeGeometric"
- 1670 - "Mudzidzisi wezvechitendero - kurapa kwezvematongerwo enyika"
- 1677 - "Kurapa Kwematongerwo"
- 1677 - "Tsika yakaratidza mu geometric kuraira uye yakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvishanu"
- 1677 - "Gramari Juda"