Biography
Nhaka yemenady yekare yeGreek Comedy inenge makore zana nemakumi mashanu, ayo aionekwa seakarasika pamberi pekutanga kwa1900s. Mudetembi, uyo akagamuchira mibairo pamitambo, akapunzika naTenzi wezvimwe zvinyorwa zvekuongorora uye mutsika wetsika dzechikoro epicura - munyori wemabasa anozivikanwa ehunyanzvi.Fate
Biograph's Biography yakatanga anenge 342 kusvika n. Ns. Akazvarwa muAtheni ekare echiGiriki mumhuri yemauto emauto. Baba vemo mudetembi, mutungamiriri weguta reChersonese thracian, iye zvino ndehwedunhu reTurkey El Chanakkale.
Zvichida, ramangwana remangwana rezita raive hama yeAlexid, nhetembo dzevanhu uye playwright yakanyora kupfuura mazana maviri emitambo. Ndiye iye akasimbisa menandra kuravira kwemabhuku ezvinyorwa uye akaunza zvinyorwa zvekufarira.
Mamwe masayendisiti anotungamira kukakavara maonero aya, nekuti Alexid akararama mune ina, iri kure neAtene. Chishuwo chekuenzanisa nevanyori vaviri chinokonzerwa netsika dzekuenderera, dzadzo midzi yayo inotangira pasi pepamota dzakadzika.
Kubva ipapo, pakanga paine fungidziro yekuti menander aive shamwari neshamwari yeimba yaTofraist, muimbi uye muzivi mune chimwe chezvikoro zvepakati. Aive zvakare ari padyo neDhermerius Falersky - Sangano Rakatanhamara, uyo ari pasi pePatar weTsar Makedonia akaitirwa chigaro cheAtene.
Kutenda kune izvi zvisungo muhupenyu hwevanhu vakuru, mudetembi akawira munyasha kune Satrap's Satrap, iyo yakava mambo izere pasi pezita rePtolemy ini ndinobaya. Nekudaro, kurambidzwa kwedare hakuna kuwiriranisa nechimiro chemufudzi, uye akatengesa hurumende inovenga yerusununguko uye imba yayo.
Kugara pamhenderekedzo yegungwa reAegean munharaunda yeAegean munharaunda yevadi-godzi, menandr akanyarara muzvisikwa, achidzivisa zvinopesvedzera kunze. Zvinozivikanwa kuti akatora chikamu mumhemberero uye akatanzurudza nemutyairi mukuru aida kuona kukunda muhondo isingaenzaniswi yekuverenga.
Kubva pamabasa evazukuru nevarume vaimutevera kuti Atene aive munyori akanakisa aakakunda kagumi ekuremekedza mazita emazita ekurumbidza uye mibairo. Plutarch zvakanyanya kukoshesa komedhiti, vamwe vevaya vainzi plasiism, pamwe nezvakataurwa nezvenyaya yechiGiriki chemamwe masitaera ekunyora uye kubereka mwana.
Pamwe menander akanyora kutaura uye kutaurirana (maxims), uye vamwe vaitenda kuti akazova Musiki wezvekuzivikanwa pachena. Uye ndima kubva pakutamba "kudhakwa" zvakamuzivisa neiyo pseudominominm Harisius, uyo muIv zana reIV aigara muRoma uye akanyora chibvumirano chesainzi.
Hapana humbowo hwakawanikwa kune kuenzanisa kwakadaro, sezvo mabasa aionekwa seakarasika mukati memazana emakore gumi nemaviri. Asi zvadaro masayendisiti akawana akaparadzanisa aphorisini imwe chete, uye edudziro dzekutanga dzechitunha 1750 dzakaoneka.
Nekudaro, kubhuroka kwekutanga muchidzidzo chekwaSenander's Creation hakuna kupa ruzivo nezvehupenyu hwake, uye zvakadaro hapana anoziva kana aive nemhuri. Zvaive zvichiita kuti uzive kuti chikonzero cherufu chaive chinyura pakageza, izvo zvakaitika muFarnk Bay, padyo nedzimba rekutamba.
Zvisikwa
Zana reXX rakaunza hunhu kune iyo yekuvhurwa kweiyo menandra comees uye yakawedzerwa bhaibheri, yakatoverengera huwandu hwehuwandu hwemavhoriyamu. Zvakazoitika kuti nyika yemabasa echiGiriki yaisanganisira rondedzero yehukama hweimba yakaitika munharaunda yekare yesimba revaridzi uye varanda vanozviisa pasi.Kushaikwa kwevanhu vane hunyanzvi kwakaitwa nenyaya dzine zvinyorwa zvakakosha kudzidza hupenyu nehupenyu hwevanhu vasina kuremara. Chokwadi, kushomeka kwepfungwa mune zvirongwa, marondedzero uye mavara uye mavara haana kuparira kuratidzwa kwezviitiko uye zvishuvo zvinonetsa.
SaAnacreostic, vaifarira toni yenyika, menander akarondedzera zviitiko zvakajairika nemutauro unonzwisisika. Saka, gamba remisoro, akaenderera mberi neyevaAtene vemitambo yeAtene, aive pedyo uye aiziva vateereri nechido.
Zviito zvezvinyorwa zvakatanhamara zvakadai, se "kurwa" ne "" dare redare "uye" Samyanka "akazadzwa nerudo inzwi uye matsime ematsime emerenari. Character vanodzokororwa mumabasa mune fomu yezita rezita rimwe chete rakapihwa munyori nenzira huru yekupinda mune mazano emazano.
Mumhando dzakasiyana dzemiitiro yegamba Vanababa vakadzivirira kuroora zvisina kufanana zvisina kufanana, asi vanasikana vacho vakawana mufaro uye vakaonekwa mukupedzisira kwemutambo wevakadzi vane zvemutemo.
Nzvimbo yakaparadzaniswa iri pabasa reiyo comediography yaigarwa nevarwi-mauto, pamwe nevagari vakapfuma vakabatsira varombo. Yakanga iri hunhu hunhu hwezvemabhuku echiHelenic, pamwe chete nevanotariswa nevaridzi vemauto nevamwari veOlimpiki.
Vakadaro vaionekwa semabasa e "ngoro", "Hondo", "Shiel Shiel" naAndryanka ", vakashandurwa nedetemberi kuchiGiriki chekare kuenda kuLatin. Vaive vakakurumbira panzvimbo yevaRoma vaRoma nekuda kwekubudirira kwakabudirira mumugumo wemagamba.
Munguva yekuchera, vaongorori vakaona kuti nhaka yaMenandra yakanga inenge zana nemakumi mashanu. Vakadzikisa mafungiro akachengetedzwa ezvinyorwa zvine rudzi rwevaRoma, vaifarira zvikuru pakati peveruzhinji.
Chokwadi, syllable yeCheka yakaburitswa haina kana chero chinhu chakafanana neyekuchengetera prose uye yaive nhetembo dzevanotevera yeiyo yambic uye matatu-matatu-matatu mita. Chimiro chakavakirwa pamitambo yeEurIID iyoyo haina kunge iine iyo yekupinda mucheya, uye chikamu chehunyanzvi chakaenderana nepfungwa dzevaEpicorean Subsoil.
Izvi zvinongedzo zvakaona kukurumbira kwemitambo yaFiriya neSamo-wephephereter, uye zita reMusiki rakatinhira mumazana emakore apfuura. Menandra akaonekwa seMuvambi weiyo nyonganiso ichangobva kuitika, uye kuyamwa, kusiyana uye firemoni yakava shamwari nevateveri.
Mushure menguva yekare, iro basa reComograph risingatarisirwe kunyangarika, asi rinobva ratanga mipumburu yakaziviswa nehuwandu hwezvivakwa uye makotesheni. Papyrus yeEgypt uye manyoro ekare anowanikwa muVictoriali Licle Library ichiri kutaridzika semasayendisiti seanotarisisa kuratidzwa.
Shanda
- "Kuuraya"
- "Kuvengwa"
- "Ngomutsa"
- "Vabati vehove"
- "Hama"
- "FRARILEON"
- "Glatterer"
- "Andriyanka"
- Fida
- "Misogynist"
- "Samoist"