Biography
Salendsi yematongerwo enyika yeSalende Yakasarudzwa Yemutungamiri weRepublic of Chile uye nhengo yekutanga yeSocialist party, iyo yakakwanisa kutora zviri pamutemo post iyi. Akafanana nekudzikamate kwesimba dzese dzehupenyu uye dzakateedzana mumunda wehupfumi, asi kosi yemauto yakadzivirirwa nekubudirira kuitwa kwemapurojekiti.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Salvador Guillermo Arlende Gosenes akaberekwa muZhizha re1908 muCharada guta reValpariso, maigara mhuri yake. Madzitateguru aizivikanwa munharaunda semhare uye anosunungurwa, shamwari dzine mazita ezvematongerwo enyika dzaenda kuimba.
Iyo nzvimbo yekutaura yaive sekuru - chiremba, mason uye anochinja, akaronga chimwe chezvikoro zvekutanga zvechipiri munharaunda yeiyo nyika yeAfrica. Aida kuti vana vemunharaunda vakure, vakadzidza zvinhu, vakaita zvekugadzira uye vakatamba nhabvu.
Vabereki vakadzidza vakadzidza zvizere pfungwa dzevakuru vemhuri vanomiririra, uye Salvador pazera diki rakapinda muLyceum rinofambira mberi. Kuva nhengo yeChikwata cheMitambo, Mukomana akakwanisa kuzvidzidzo zvese, uye pfungwa dzake uye data yemuviri dzaive vadzidzisi vanozvikudza.
Iyo chete yekudhara yekushambadzira muhudiki kwaionekwa seinenge ichishuvira kuti isaracherist inotarisa, iyo yakataura pachena iyo Tenzi Tenzi Foshoro mumigwagwa. Zvinotaurwa pamusoro penyaya yezvematongerwo enyika izvo murume wechidiki anomiririrwa mumakakatanwa akaisa vezera uye hama dzakangwara mumugumo wakafa.
Neraki, panguva yekuburitswa kubva kuLyceum Salvador nemusoro wake wakapinda musainzi uye nyore kupaza bvunzo muUniversity yeChilan. Akasarudza mushonga seunyanzvi uye nekutenda kune ane ruzivo rweGerman Profesa pakati-1932 akabvunzurudza nekukudzwa kubva kune yakasarudzwa.
Pashure pacho, kufunga nezveramangwana rebasa, murume wacho akaridza dissertion yake yesainzi, mune iyo mushonga waifungidzirwa mune iyo kiyi yekupisa misoro yemagariro. Pakati peino nguva, akava mutungamiri weboka remudzidzi wezvematongerwo enyika, akasungwa pamiriririro, asi akakwanisa kudzivirira matambudziko.
Rufu rwababa vake kwechinguva ndikachinja maonero uye biography yeAlende, uye akafunga kukanda masangano ane njodzi uye ave chiremba. Kutanga basa revaPathologist mune Walpararo Dunhu chipatara, iyo iri mune makumi matatu ichirova kiyi.
Nekudaro, kuva muchikwata, kusava nehanya nezviitiko zvakaitika muChile, Salvador akadzokera kune zvematongerwo enyika uye akatanga kurarama hupenyu hwakashanda. Akabatanidza masonry uye akatora chikamu mukusikwa kwemutambo wemagariro, hwaro hwakanga hwasara mauto ekuparidzira marxism.
Hupenyu Hwako
Kutonga nemapikicha, Salvador Allenda ane aivhare yekukura uye kutaridzika kwakanaka. Pakati pama1940, akaronga hupenyu hwega. Mutongo womurume kana mukadzi ane humbowo, akabereka vana vatatu kubva kune zvematongerwo enyika, aive munhori akaitira chero chishuwo uye chichivhuvhuta.Zvematongerwo enyika
Muna 1936, Allende akabatana neyakawirirana neyesesera, iyo muChile yakatumidzwa kuti "Folk Front". Akava mutungamiri uye purezidhendi weDhipatimendi riri mutaundi rekumusha kwake uye akatarisira kuti basa idzva raizozokurisa munguva pfupi.
Saka zvakaitika pane sarudzo yepasirese mukamuri yeParamende yenyika, uko vanhu vanopfuura gumi nevaviri vanopfuura gumi nevaviri vakazviita kubva munharaunda. Uyezve pakanga paine mushandirapamwe akazvitsaurira pakusvika kwechitsauko mutsva wepamutemo wedunhu, panguva iyo wechidiki wezvematongerwo enyika akataura akati wandei pfungwa dzinofambira mberi.
Munguva yekutonga kwaPedro Agirre Sedra Sedvara yaive mushumiri wehutano uye akawana kuderera mukufa kubva kuzvirwere nekuronga kuwanikwa kwemushonga. Mishumo yayo pamazita emazino uye kusanganisa hutachiona hwezvinangwa zvakakonzera mhinduro dzechivanhu uye yakamutswa misi yakawanda.
Muna 1943, Allende akava Senator kubva kuhuwandu hwakawandisa, pamwe nemunyori mukuru webato, panguva iyoyo "pamberi pevanhu" vakanga vabva. Aigara achipinda musidhi, anozvipikisa kune maCommunist, uye nekutenda mupiro wezvematongerwo enyika, akakunda nenyota yakawanda.
Mukupera kwema1940, nekuda kwebatanidzwa wevaridzi vezvemagariro nemwenje, vezvematongerwo enyika vakasiya izvo vaimbova vatsigiri uye vakaunganidza vanhu vatsva. Akaswedera pedyo nekufamba kuruboshwe, akagadzira sangano iri "vanhu" uye nemauto matsva akamisikidzwa mugungwa reParamende.
Kubva 1952, Allenda akarwira muchigarikira yemutungamiri wenyika, asi katatu akarasikirwa nevamwe zvisingamiriri uye akazopedzisira atanga Seneti. Akasangana neicho shanduko che gewar uye mutungamiri weVenezuelal Ruvalo Betankur, uye vakapindawo musangano wesangano reSangano reAfrica.
Pamusarudzo 1970, Salvador pakupedzisira akazonyemwerera, uye kukunda kwake kwaive muenzaniso wekugadzwa kwedemocaline mune rugare. Mutungamiriri mutsva akapikira vanhu, izvo zvaizotonga nenzira kwayo, funga mafungiro echitatu uye pasina mubvunzo zvinoenderana nemutemo.
Zviito zvekutanga zveAllende zvine chekuita nemukati musangano wemukati weHurumende uye zvakaverengerwa kuchinjika kune socialism zvichitevera muenzaniso weUSSR. Kuedza kudzoreredza hupfumi hwedenga, wezvematongerwo enyika akaronga kusunungura mitengo, pamwe nekuwedzera mubairo uye nekuvandudza shanduko munzvimbo dzinoverengeka.
Sangano rose renyika harina kubvumira mafambiro eMutungamiri weChile, uye mukutsvaga rutsigiro uye nzwisiso yaifanira kufadza vatinoshanda navo kuMoscow. Iye zvakare anoonana naFidel Castro, mutungamiri weCubution weCuba, akaita kuti zvinhu zvive zviitike pakubudirira kwenyika yake.
Nehurombo, shanduko dzakatungamira mhedzisiro dzisingachinjiki mumunda wokumwe mutemo, uye hurumende yeAmerican yeRichard Nixon yakazivisa iyo African Boycott State? Muchokwadi, dambudziko rezvehupfumi rauya, raiita kuti kubuda kwemusika mutema, uye kwakabvisa varatidziri vechiRelean mumigwagwa.
Kuratidzira kwakakura kwevashandi vezvikamu zvakakosha zveSperesry vakatanga, uye Allenende akamanikidzwa kuputsa vashumiri uye kushandisa rubatsiro rwezvemauto. Mauto ehondo akagamuchira zvikwangwani munzvimbo dzichangobva kuumbwa, uye nzira iyi yakambomira mhirizhonga.
Nekudaro, pakati pa1973, nyika yakakamurwa kuita misasa miviri, iyo yaisanganisira vatsigiri vemutungamiri uye vapikisi vekuchinja kwake. Yekupedzisira nekutsigirwa neHurumende yeUnited States of America kwaive kugadzirira kubata simba nemauto asiri pamutemo.
Iwo mapoka evasina kugutsikana pasi pehutungamiri hweGeneral Captain Augusto Pinochet haana kubvumira referendamu, anokwanisa kuchengetedza simba. Mushure mekubatana mune zvombo muna Nyamavhuvhu 1973, tsika yekumagariro yaive isingaonekwe kuwa.
Rufu
Musi waSeptember 11, 1973, zviremera zvakange zvachinja muChile, uye semhedzisiro, mutongi anozvizivisa akazova general auchet. Salvador naAlende vanorwadza vakafa panguva yekukora kwemauto, asi izvo zvinokonzeresa uye mamiriro erufu haasati azivikanwa.Sekureva kweimwe yendima, Mutungamiriri akapfurwa nemumwe munhu kubva kune vatsigiri vehurumende itsva, uye kune mumwe, akawedzera, akaderedza zvikoro neruoko. Imwe nzira kana imwe, chitunha chakavigwa kunze kwekukudzwa mumakuva, uye kwenguva yakareba guva rakasurukirwa hadzina kupfekedzwa korona nemuchinjikwa kana slab.
Muna 1990, mushure mekuburitswa kwemafirimu pamusoro pehupenyu hwaAllende, iyo musoro weChile Patricio Eylvin akapa chikwereti chakatarisana. Akaraira mhemberero, mutungamiri wezvematongerwo enyika, ainenge vatungamiriri, nhengo dzemhuri uye neboka remauto vaivapo.
Ndangariro
- Salvador Avenue Avenue muHavana (Cuba)
- Salvador Allenda Street muMoscow (Russia)
- Salvador Allenda Street muHavre (France)
- Posts Stamp of the USSR, GDR, Bulgaria, Cuba, Hungary