Biography
Arthur Clark, pamwe chete nevanyori Aizek azimov naRobert Highin, yaive chikamu che "Huru nhatu" sainzi ngano seMuridzi wehuwandu hwemari dzinoverengeka dzemanyorero. Iye munyori wehunyanzvi uye vatori venhau vakashanda vaive vasina futurologist uye muvambi vakaedza kusvika pamberi pekare nhoroondo uye vanofanotaura zviitiko zvemazana emakore matsva.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Arthur Charlez Clark Biography yakatanga muna Zvita 1917 muBritish Guta Rinonzi Mainhead, iri mukati memiganhu yeCounty Someset. Ipapo vabereki vakarenda purazi mumusha, pfuma mune zvinokwezva, uye mukomana akakura parusununguko, asingazive zvinodiwa, kunyimwa nenhamo.
Kubva mangwanani kusvika husiku, munyori wezororo akafamba akatenderedza nzvimbo dzakanaka, achiongorora mabwe mumugwagwa, miti, shrub uye maruva. Pfungwa dzake pamusoro penyika dzinotenderedza pasirese tisati tapinda chikoro kubva pane maonero evakuru vakadzidza vaisanakidza uye vakareruka.
Kirasi yavanofarira yechidiki Clark yaive kudzidza kwedenga reusiku, iyo yaive yakanyatsoonekwa kubva padenga reimba maaigara muhudiki. Mumamiriro ekunze akajeka, mukomana anobvunza akagadziridzwa nyeredzi dzinopenya kana akatarisa kufamba kwenyongwe asati avhura zvisingataurwe shums.
Uye zvakare, mwana akaunganidza makadhi anoratidza madini anoparara, uye akatanga kuunganidza mafossil anowanikwa muminda yakapoteredza nemasango. Nekuda kwezvinhu, nguva dzose kuzadza pigy bank, Arthur akashandisa chiremera muvezera uye pazera rekutanga havana kushayiwa shamwari.
Dzimwe pfungwa dzekuzivikanwa dzakaziviswa nekuda kwekunyepedzera kwesainzi, nekuti mukomana wacho aiziva nzira yekudzokorora zvine ruvara zvaakaverenga zuva rapfuura. Kuona izvi, vabereki vakatanga kunyora magazini inoshamisa nyaya, uko vanyori vakadai saHerbert matsime uye Austin Imba yakadhindwa.
Mushure mechokwadi, Olaf Staplendon "vanhu vekutanga uye vekutanga" vaionekwa mabhuku aDavid lasser, akakurumbira muma1930s. Iye mukomana akatsvaira nezviitiko zvekunyepedzera akasikwa nevarume vekuAmerican vekuAmerica, uye vakafunga nezvendudzi kune dzimwe mapoka enyeredzi pane mashura emasaltrates.
Kufa kamwe kamwe kwemusoro wemhuri kwakadzoka Arthur kubva kudenga kusvika pasi, uye akafunga kupedza chikoro kuti atsigire amai vake mune ramangwana. Asi kana shungu dzekupererwa dzakanyangarika, akabatana nenharaunda yezviziviso uye, kuva nhengo yake inoshanda, yakaramba ichingofungidzira nekurota.
Nehurombo, hupenyu hwepasi hunoda kuti simba ripi ripi zvaro basa ripi neripi rinoshanda, uye Clark akaenda kuguta guru reBritain reBritain kuti ribatane nenharaunda yevakuru. Asi, achishanda semutauriri mune imwe nzvimbo yemari, akazova nhengo yeNational Everpletary Society, yaive nzira inoshanda yezano resainzi dzevafundisi.
Hupenyu Hwako
Sezvo ava munhu mukuru akazvimirira, Clark haana kufunga nezve hupenyu hwake pakutanga, nekuti zvese kutariswa kwenharaunda zvakakwezva hondo yenyika yechipiri. Asi kuma1950, iye weChirungu akasangana nemumwe zita rine zita rakazodzidziswa huchenjeri hwese hwenyika.America Marilyn Mayfield aive mudiki anokosha akakosha, saka kudanana kwerudo kwakatanga pakati pake neArthur. Mavhiki matatu mushure mezuva rekutanga muNew York, muchato une mwero wakaridzwa, uye nhau pamusoro pemamiriro etsva yemunyori akabva ayambuka gungwa.
Nguva yokupfuura yevachangobva kuchangobva kuchangobva kuchata yaive mucherechedzo muPennsylvania, uko Clark akashanda nebhuku rinotevera, uye vakasarudzwa vakanakidzwa nemaonero emakomo. Asi ipapo munyori wesainzi ngano akawedzera mukusika kugona kwaita, izvo zvakarega kushandisa aimbova manzwiro uye akatsamwisa kusawirirana kwemhuri.
Kuziva kwakanetsana kuti Arrhur aida kuve mubereki mushure mewanano, asi zvakazoitika kuti zvisingagoneki nekuda kweiyo chaiyo chirwere cheMarylin. Vakaroorana vakapererwa nekubvumirana nechibvumirano pasina nyonganiso uye mafambiro, uye munyori aive mudenderedzwa revarume vasina kusurukirwa kusvika kumagumo ehupenyu.
Mabhuku
Kugadzira kuverenga pamwe chete nesainzi yaive chikamu chakakosha chehupenyu hwaClark. Akava munyori weanopfuura maviri gumi nemaviri mabasa akaunza kuzivikanwa uye mibairo. Ongorora nezve nyaya yedombo "lazeke", yakabudiswa mumagazini yesainzi yekunyepedzera, yakava mubayiro wekutanga uye wakakosha kwazvo kumabasa akatendeseka akasimbisa.
Mumabasa akazotevera anowana nezvirongwa zvebhuku rekusimbisa kwesainzi ngano, Arthur akafunga nezvechimiro uye akatanga kucheneswa nehunyanzvi. Zadzisa misoro yakazobuda mubhuku renhema "Pasi Pano", "Kupera kweudiki", "guruva" remwedzi, "guta nenyeredzi" uye "zvakadzama".
Mubhuku resainzi "rondedzero yeramangwana" ngano yakaumba mitemo yeClark, yainamatira kune zviitiko zvavo kwemakore gumi. Ivo vaishandiswa mukusikwa kwenhamba, mukupfura kweratidziro uye zvinyorwa uye kuumbwa kwenyaya dzakakosha, izvo zvakazotevera mhinduro.
Muma50s, ngano yesainzi neshamwari yake vakagara padhuze neSri Lanka, kwaaive akabatanidzwa mukudzika uye kutsvagisa kwakadzika pasi pevakadzika. Pashure pacho, ichitsanangura voids mune yakajairwa fomu uye inonzwisisika fomu, Clark akapenda zvakapendwa gumi gumi nemaviri akapenya pendi kune vaverengi.
Mukupera kwa 1960s, nyika yese yakataura nezveBritish mushure meCosmic Odyssey's filmenery filmenery, embodied stanley kuubrik kuenda kuupenyu. Kubudirira kweichinjika, iyo yakawanikwa nemutungamiriri, iyo uzivi tint, yakafemera munyori kutenda mukusika, tariro yeramangwana uye tariro.
Muma1980s, iro basa rairatidza nhoroondo yevanhu yaive yakavakirwa padanho rekunyora rine mavhesi mana. Uyezve zvinyorwa zvezvakatevedzerwa "neyakajeka nehuremu" uye "gadheni reRama" rakaonekwa, raive nemunyoro weChirungu akapa mazana emaawa asina kurara.
Kwemakore gumi kusvika parufu, nekuda kwekutyora kwemabasa omuviri, Arthur akatanga kubatsirwa nevamwe vanyori kana vachigadzira mabasa akati wandei. BHAIBHERI YABIBLICURE YAKAITWA NEBHUKU RENYAYA YEMAHARA "uye" Maziso enguva ", akaburitswa muUK neAmerica pakati pa2006.
Rufu
Muna 1960s, Clark akawira pasi polio, saka akasungwa newiricheya panguva yakasara yemakore. Pasinei neizvi, musayendisiti uye munyori anoshingairira kutaura nevamwe vevatengi vazhinji uye kuti mwana akafara sei kana vanhu vakapedzisira vafunga kugadzira Internet.Muna2005, network network yakaonekwawo foto uye vhidhiyo mufananidzo weArthur, yakatsaurirwa nezviitiko zvakakosha uye nekuburitsa mabasa matsva. Mukupinda kwekupedzisira, murume akadaro zvakanaka kune vateveri uye vanhu vane pfungwa dzakafanana, nekuti ainzwa kuti mhedzisiro inosuruvarisa yaizouya nekukurumidza.
Musi waMarch 19, 2008, chikonzero cherufu Arthur clark chaive kukundwa kwesistimu yekufema, iyo yakakonzera post-zvine hungwaru syndrome. Nhengo dzemhuri, shamwari nehama dzakabhururuka nendima yeSri Lanka kukudza ndangariro dzemurangariro mukuru weChirungu uye kutora chikamu mumhemberero yemariro.
BHAIBHERI
- 1951 - "Prelude kune Space"
- 1953 - "Kupera Kweudiki"
- 1975 - Humambo hwepasi "
- 1986 - "Pasi Pano Pasi Pano"
- 1990 - "Ghost of Goligan"
- 1993 - "Nyunta waIshe"
Cycle "Space Odyssey"
- 1968 - "2001: Space Odyssey"
- 1982 - "2010: Odyssey vaviri"
- 1987 - "2061: Odyssey vatatu"
- 1997 - "3001: Wokupedzisira Odyssey"
Cycle "Rama"
- 1973 - "Zuva NeFarme"
- 1989 - "Rama-2"
- 1991 - "Garidzira Garden"
- 1993 - "Rama Yero"