Biography
John Milton muChirungu, saAlexander puskin muchiRussia, ndiyo nhetembo huru uye matafura ane zviito zvake zvaakaita zvinokosha. Hupenyu hwake uye kusika kwairatidza zvakananga kubva mumatongerwo enyika muBritain: akatanga sedanda reKarl I, uye akapedza vasina murombo uye mapofu, asi anozivikanwa mese muEurope munyori.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Mudetembi akaberekwa musi waDecember 9, 1608 muLondon, moyo weBritain, mukubatana kweMunyori John Milton naSara Jeffrey.
MABHUKU Kubva Kumumhanzi Kubva Kumumhanzi Achibvumira John Milton Kuti Varoorese Muperekedzi Akazvimiririra muguta reThomas Yang, Master of St. Andrews University, muScory yeScotland, Protland, Protlandan. Zvinotendwa chaizvo zviri pasi pesimba rake basa raJohn Milton - mudiki akaenda nenzira yeiyo nzira yechitendero chando.
Basic Science Johane Milton Milton On St ST Paul School muLondon. Ipapo akapinda koreji yaKristu muCambridge, akapedza muna 1699 mune imwe nzvimbo pakati pevadzidzi makumi maviri nevaviri.
Chidzidzo ichi chakapihwa John Milton, kwete pasina kuoma, izvo zvinosimbiswa nekutaurwa kwetinotora hama yake yechidiki Christopher:
"Akadzidza kwazvo, akasara shure kwezvinyorwa - kusvika pakati peusiku, uyezve usiku."Icho chokwadi ndechekuti kwete nemakore, mudetembi weti erudite aisanzwisisana kuti anzwisise kukosha kwekupokana pamakakava ezvishambadziri, ongorora kuti vakamanikidzwa here? Kuedza kukunda kushungurudzika, John Milton akatanga kunyora nhetembo.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1642, Mary powell akava mukadzi wake John Milton. Akamhanya kakawanda kuvabereki vake, zvinosuruvarisa kusimuka neGradi akagadzirira: musiyano uripo pakati pevakaroorana aive makore 17.Zvakangodaro, kuroora KwaMary Powell kwakabereka vana vana - Anna (Chikunguru 7, 1646), Maria (Gumiguru 25, 1648 R. Vamwari vekupedzisira havana kubudirira, uye muna Chivabvu 5, 1652, Mary Powell akasiya nyika yekurarama.
Mwanakomana woga waJohani Milton akafa acheche. Vanasikana vaigara kusvika pakukura, asi mudetembi akatadza kumugadzira hukama navo.
Catherine Woodkok, uyo akazova mukadzi waJohani Milton musi waNovember 12, 1656, akaparadzawo chishuvo chekuva nevana. Iye akabatwa aive pasina: Mukadzi akafa musi waFebruary 3, 1658, uye mwanasikana wake achangozvarwa Catherine anongova mwedzi mina chete.
Musi waFebruary 24, 1663, John Milton akawana Elizabeth Minshull - "Mukadzi wechitatu uye akanakisisa mukadzi", sezvakaratidzwa mumba muManchester, uko vakaroora vaigara. Pasinei nemusiyano mumakore 31, imba yakazova inofara uye yakagara kwemakore anopfuura gumi nemaviri, kusvika parufu rwetemberi.
Uzivi uye kugona
Basa rinozivikanwa kwazvo mubasa raJohn Milton ndiyo nhetembo "yakarasika paradhiso" (1667). Vanyori venhoroondo dzehunyanzvi hweUnited Kingdom uye nyika yemutauro wechirungu inozviona seimwe yemabasa makuru emabhuku akambogadzirwa.
Nhetembo mumavhoriyamu gumi nemaviri ayo John Milton akanyora kubva muna 1658 kusvika 1664 akapatsanurwa mukunyimwa kwemunhu. Pakati pehurongwa - Mwari naSatani zvinomupokana, nhoroondo yekusikwa kwaAdamu naEvha.
Vakararama panguva iyoyo (semuenzaniso, Daniel defo) vakashoropodza pfungwa dzaJohn Milton uye rakarongeka zvakanyanya nekuda kwemaonero ake nezvechitendero nezvematongerwo enyika. Vazhinji vakanyanya mu "akarasikirwa Paradhiso" nhetembo.
Semuenzaniso, mune rimwe remabhuku Adhama, achitsvaga kudzikinura zvivi, anofunga kuvaka mazana eatari dzekunamata Mwari. Ngirozi huru inotsanangura yekutanga, kuti zvinhu zvepanyama hazvizobatsire kunzwa kuvapo kwaIshe. Mune mamwe mazwi, John Milton anopora udzidzisi hwazvino hwekuita kuti kutenda kwete mupfungwa kuna Mwari, asi pazvivakwa zvemabwe.
Vavengi vachishora Johane Milton, vachiti: Chaizvoizvo Boka raPetro muRoma kuRoma zvakare kuratidzwa kwekunamata zvidhori, zvisina hukama nekutenda.
John Milton akanyatsoziva nguva yake. Mumwe weyekutanga, akatanga kupokana nezvemuchato uye kurambana pasina zvakawanda kukereke. Kufunga nezvenhoroondo yaAdamu naEvha, kwaive kwakamira mumuviri, asi kwete kudenga mubatanidzwa, mudetembi akati: Muchato chibvumirano chakaipiswa pakati pemurume nemukadzi. John Milton akambotarisisa kutenderwa kwemapato ese emuchato uye kurambana.
Musoro webhaibheri wakatanga mu "paradhiso rakarasika", John Milton akapfuurira mu "Paradhiso" 1671). Panguva ino pakati pehurongwa hwechirongwa - Jesu Kristu, izvo zvinobva zvaita kuramba miedzo yaSatani kupfuura Adhama naEvha. Mukunzwisisa kwedetembi, Mwanakomana waMwari muenzaniso weiyo mugari akanaka: kunyangwe paine nyaya dzenyika yakapoteredza uye kuomarara kwezvematongerwo enyika, anoramba akatendeka kune zvazviri pachena uye anodzivisa kudonha.
Mugove weshumba weshumba wemabasa aJohn Milton ane zano raMwari, asi pane muBhaibheri eBhaibheri uye ezvematongerwo enyika. Iyo inonyanya kufarirwa nezvayo ndeye "Areopagitika" (1644). Mubasa iri, mudetembi anomira rusununguko rwekutaura uye kudzvanya.
"Arepagistika" anoomesesa kushora chisarudzo cheparamende yegumi nematanhatu pane imwe nzvimbo yekutanga yekudhinda. John Milton anocherekesa kuti tsika iyi haina kushandiswa kunyange munguva dzechinyakare: MuGreece neRoma, kunyange zvinyorwa zvekupenga zvakanyanyisa zvinopedzerwa nenharaunda, uye kwete "kupiswa" pasitaji.
John Milton anoonawo kuti kurwa nevatakuri vechokwadi nevanyori hakuzogadzirisi mamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda: Kudengenyeka kweavo vanonyora nezvehuori hakuzobatsire kuora uori pachayo.
Sezvinobvumirana, John Milton anofunga kusimudzira bhuku rekunyepedzera, kuti rigone kuratidza ruzivo nezveMunyori weMunyori wechiitiko cheChiedza cheClosmit kana kuti mabhuku ekunyomba, ane mhosva kurangwa.
Zvakakosha kucherechedza kuti "Areopagitika" haana kugonesa paramende yekudzima chisarudzo pakubata kwekutanga. Muchokwadi, rusununguko rwekutaura rwakarambidzwa kusvika 1695.
Kuwedzera kune aya madiki emabasa, John Milton akasara kumashure mazana enhetembo (anonyanya kuzivikanwa - "mapeteni" "anosekesa"), mapepa mazhinji uye anotamba. Pasinei nenyaya yekuti nyika inoziva Johane Milton sedetet, mazhinji emabasa avo aakaumba mu prose.
Rufu
Iko kukonzera kwekufa kwaJohani Milton kwaive kutadza kutsvuka. Chirwere ichi chakatanga kutambudza mudetembi mune 1660s, uye yakapera chete munaNovember 8, 1674. Muviri wakapiswa muchechi yeSan-Giles Crypgate muLondon. Muna 1793, guva rakashongedza maumbirwo akagadzirwa naJohn Bacon.
Makore gumi ekupedzisira ezvinyorwa zvake, John Milton akapedza muhurombo uye kutya kusungwa nekuda kwemifungo ivhu.