Biography
Zvinotendwa kuti kudzivirira kwesababa ibhizimusi rechirume. Asi Hondo huru yeNyika yeMativi anoyeuka iyo Materu eMatrena Wolkya, Evreda Portorova ... Aya Vakadzi Vakadzi vakaponesa vanhu vanobva kuhusungwa, vakaenda kunhungwaru uye vakatsungirira muhondo yakakuvadzwa. Akabatsira kukunda kukuru uye murwi wehondo Lydia Litdalia Litvak, White Lilia Stlyrad. Akakunda nhamba huru yekukunda mumhepo hondo munhoroondo yekurwa kwekurwisa. Musoro wegamba reSoviet Union dzakapihwa zita remusoro.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Lydia Vladimirovna Litvaka naAugust 18, 1921 muMoscow, guta guru reRsfr. Nenyika, mutyairi anotariswa kuve chiRussia, asi kune fungidziro iyo ichokwadi kuti inhaka yechiJudha.
Muma 1920s uye ma1930s, munhu wese airota denga. Iyo yakafemerwa neyeba dzaAlexander Tashkin, valery Chkalov naGeorge Baidukova, majaya nevasikana vakamhanyira mumakwenzi. Lydia Litvaka haana kusarudzika. Wakatove na15, akatanga kugara pasi pawiricheya.
Unyanzvi hwekutyaira kweLitvia muKherson Aviation School Varayiridzi. Kuti usiye mamiriro ezvinhu akamanikidzwa maneja - muna 1937, baba vake, Vladimir Leontievich, akadzvinyirirwa uye akapfurwa. Sekureva kwenhevedziyoni, otuka vaive venhema. Asi mutyairi, pamwe akazeza zvakapfuura.
Ridhiya akamhanyira kumberi kune iyo huru yehondo yehondo. Asi akaudzwa kuti: "Hondo inyaya yechirume." Mamiriro acho ezvinhu akachinja muna Gumiguru 1941, apo imwe yemagamba ekutanga eSoviet Union, iyo Flyer-Navigator Marina Sevalova, Yakagadzirwa 3 Airlock Airlock. Litvyak aifanira kutambisa maawa zana ekubhururuka kusvika kumitsara yeimwe yadzo.
Kubva pane izvi, iyo heroic, asi isina kuriritira pfupi chikamu che biography yeWhite Lilija Stalyrad yakatanga.
Hupenyu Hwako
MunaFebruary 1943, Lydia Lydia Lydia akarohwa. Ivhu rakaverengerwa munharaunda yevavengi. VaFascist vakaedza kutora mutyairi, asi akazvipfura uye akawedzera mumunda. White Lilia Stalyrad akati goodbye kuhupenyu uye yakatarisa cartridges kuti isiyire imwe yake.Alexey Frolovich Solomatin akauya kuzonunura. Mutyairi wekurwira akavhura moto pane vaFascists, vachimanikidza kuvanza, uye vaise ndege yake pa "dumbu" kuti ritore iyo LYDIIYA. Yakatungamirwa uye mudikani.
Lidia Lidia Lithuania neAlexey Solomatina akashanduka uye anobata uye zvinoshungurudza. Asi vechidiki vakakwanisa kuroora kuti ndege yendege isati yaitika. Musi waMay 21, 1943, gamba reSoviet Union rakafa pamberi pemudiwa uye kurwisa comrades. Aive nemakore makumi maviri nemaviri.
Feat
Kwa 1942 Lydia Litkon akarova pamusoro peStlyrad 6 Fascist ndege. Zvekushinga, kuratidzwa muhondo, mutyairi wakapihwa kodzero yekushandisa zviratidzo zvakasiyana pane board murwi.
Kubva ndichiri mudiki, musikana uyu haana kufanana nezita rake amene. Akamubvunza kuti amufonere lily kana kungori lily. Kubva pano uye radios yayo - "Lilia-44" (maererano neimwe ruzivo, "White Lilia"). Pahodhi renguruve ndege "rakavharwa" ruva, uye pasina nguva musikana akawana munyoro, asi iyo heroic nickname inhema chena Lilia sistrad.
Musi waFebruary 23, 1943, Litvakov akapa yekutanga yekurwa mubairo - kurongeka kweiyo nyeredzi tsvuku.
Zvaiita sekunge hapana matambudziko anogona kuunza chena chena soly sistrad kubva kune hondo. Musi waMay 22, 1943, zvakakuvara zvakanyanya muhondo isingaenzaniswi. Pasinei neizvi, mutyairi akaunza murwi wakasarudzika pachigadziko. Akatumirwa kuchipatara, ipapo - kumba, kupora. Asi vhiki mbiri chete gare gare, Ridhiya rakaramba rakanyoreswa mumhepo.
Chikunguru 18, 1943, 2 mwedzi mushure mekufa kweAlexei Solomatina, Litvyak akarasikirwa nemusikana akanakisa Catherine Budanov muhondo. Vasikana vakarwa nevarwi veFascist mune vaviri vaviri, uye chena Lilia Stalyrad akakwanisa kutiza. Kubva pane izvi, kubhururuka kwaive nehasha muhondo. Haana kungodzivirira baba. Anotsiva kune vadiwa nevadiwa.
Mahoro ekupedzisira eLydia Litita akagadzirwa pamusoro pemhungu kumberi. Musi wa1Arume 1, 1943, akabhururuka kane kurwisa muvengi. Yakagadziriswa 2 ndege, imwezve imwe - muboka. Munguva yechina haina kudzokera kuimba yacho.
Kamwe chete pagore nehafu yehondo huru yehondo, Litvyak yakaita kuti 168 kurwisa kwakatarisana nedenga. Kuaccount yayo, gumi nemaviri kukunda uye 4 zvimwe - sechikamu cheboka. White Lilia Stalyrad inoonekwa seyakanyanya kubereka mukadzi murwi.
Rufu
Zvinoenderana nendangariro dzevanhu vakararama, zvakanyanya kuwanda kweLydia hwaitya kugomba rakadzika-dzika. Asi izvozvo chaizvo zvakaitika. Musi wa1August 1, 1943 Munguva ye4 neyekupedzisira kurwira hove pamusoro pemhungu kumberi, ndege yeiyo White Lilija Stalyrad yakanyangarika mumakore uye haina kuzodzoka. Izvo zvakaramba zvakadaro mazuva 17 pamberi pake pazuva rekuzvarwa ramakore 22.Vatungamiriri ve73 varindi vekurwisa murwi wekufambisa mutenderedzwa pamusoro pechiratidzo cheLydia litvak kusvika zita reSoviet Unium. Asi sarudzo yakamiswa. Vanyori venhoroondo vanopa ichi madudziro mashoma.
Vamwe vanoreva ufakazi, zvichienderana neiyo litvyak yakasvetuka neparachute kubva kuCocient ndege uye akabata maFascists. Vamwe vanopopotedzana kuti nemusoro wegamba reSoviet Union haugone kuratidzwa zvisipo. Imwe nzira kana imwe, chena Lilia inosimbisa postlumously yakapa ruchakudzwa nyeredzi nyeredzi nyeredzi musi waMay 5, 1990.
Lydia Litvakov akawana makore 26 mushure mekuparara kweiyo Kozhevny purazi neDonetsk Dunhu. Musi waChikunguru 29, 1969, iye anoramba akatsvairwa muguva rekunyika. Mukubhururuka kwake kwekupedzisira, White Liliya Stalyrad akaenda asina kuratidza zviratidzo, saka yakagadzirirwa se "kubhururuka isingazivikanwe."
Muna 1971 chete, injini dzekutsvaga dzinobva mudunhu reLuhansk vakawana kuti Lydia aive nemutemo muguva remafaro. Izvo zvakasara zvakabatanidzwa. Muna July 1988, pakanga paine ndiro isingakanganwike neye regalia yemutyairi wekurwira uye kutora mifananidzo pamamiriro ezvinhu emakore.
MunaNovember 1988, Lydia Litvak akakonzera rufu achiti: "Akafa paakangoita basa rekurwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 1, 1943."
Ndangariro
- Kubva pakuzvarwa uye tisati tasiya kumberi kwehondo huru yeNyika, Lydia vaigara muHoard nhamba 14/19 mumugwagwa. Novlobodskaya muMoscow. Muna Kurume 2019, gwara reChirangaridzo rine mufananidzo webronze webhuruu akaiswa pane iyo facade.
- Zvivakwa zveGamba reSoviet Union zvakaiswawo muRay Ray pamberi peGymnasium Palaal Lace Palace Of Linger mukadzi, uye munharaunda yeVolgograd (padunhu rekushanda rekutamba yedunhu rekumaodzanyemba kwemauto).
- Kubatwa kweiyo chena Lilia Stilia Stalyrle isingafi mune zvinyorwa zvinyorwa uye zvemhando yepamusoro: