Biography
Andrei tupolev ishandiso yakakurisa pamusoro pemazana emhando dzendege. Kubudirira kwesainzi mukuvandudzwa kwemasheya emapurisa uye mupiro kune sainzi yakaenzana nekukodzera kweSergey mambokadzi mune roketi dzidzo. Murume-era Tuperev akaunza iyo Pharyd yevadzidzi vakaenderera mberi nehupenyu hwake.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Iye Munyori we Aphhorism "anobhururuka ndege yakanaka chete" yakaonekwa mukudonha kwe 1888 mune iyo isipo-isipo musha we pustovazovavo tver. Andrei - wechitanhatu evana vanomwe vekutanga, mutsauko kubva kuCossals Nikolai Ivanovich Tupelev, kumanikidzwa kuunza magumo uye kurima, uye nekukudzwa kweAnnalevna lisitsyna.
Andrew aberekwa, baba vake vaive nemakore makumi mana nemashanu, uye amai vake ava vaiva nehama dzechinyakare naKelent, pamwe chete nehanzvadzi Natasha, Tanya, Vera naMasha. Baba havana kubvumira nhengo dzemhuri kuti dzishande. Zvinoenderana nendangariro dzeviraidhi yemugadziri ndege, muhudiki aipfuura kureba pakati pematanho maviri eRussia, akashandisa hunyanzvi hwekuveza uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa kwesimbi.
Iko kugona kushanda nemaoko ake kwaive kubatsira Andrei uye muTVer Gymnasium, uye muMoscow High Stullnasical School, uko jaya rauya mumakore makumi maviri. Muchikoro chesekondari chidzidzo, vabereki havana kugona kubhadhara rwendo rwemaguta eumambo hweRussia, hwaikurudzirwa kuenda kuvadzidzi. Ipapo Andreri akapa director wejymnasium kunotenga madziva emapuranga akagadzirwa navo. Musoro wenzvimbo yedzidzo yakaionana nemari yemari yerwendo rweGymnasian Tupolev kubva kumari yeSangano reVanoda Science Science Science Science Science Science Science Science Science Science.
Mune chikoro chehunyanzvi, icho zvino chinopfeka zita reNocolai Bauman, kugona kwaAndrei vakaonga Musiki weAerodynamocs Nikolai Zhukovsnky uye akaraira murume wechidiki kuti agadzire arabortory yeAerodynamic. Muna 1910, Tupolev ndiyo yekutanga uye yekupedzisira nguva yairarama ndege - yakavakwa neminwiwa yake glider, iyo yakabhururuka neRwizi Jauza uye yakakwira mu lefortvo zvakanaka.
Muhudiki, mwero wekugadzira ndege akatanga kufarira zviitiko zvekuchinja uye akapinda mubato reSerc. Nekuti kupararira kwemudzidzi wemabhuku asiri pamutemo akasungwa. Kubva pamambo wehumambo weTupolev, ivo vakangosunungurwa nekuda kwekufa kwaBaba, asi jaya rakatumirwa kunzvimbo diki, uye akakwanisa kupedzisa dzidzo yepamusoro pazera ramakore makumi matatu.
Hupenyu Hwako
Basa rakabudirira reMugadziri rakakonzera kusimba kwakavimbika uye mufaro muhupenyu hwega. Nomukadzi ramangwana raJulia, Julia Zhettyakova Tupolev akasangana, achishanda semukoti muchipatara munguva yekutanga yehondo. Mukuremekedza mukadzi, Andrei Nikolayevich akazoti mwanasikana, uyo akava chiremba wake pachavo, uye muzukuru.
Nekunyoresa muchato wekudzokorora nemukoti akanaka, Tupolev akagara mufurati reVamwene. Amai vaYulia, mumwe murume anokudzwa ari kunze, akatanga akatarisa mwanasikana wake, asi mushure mekunge mukwasha wagadzira mvura inopisa uye yakavaka ovhere isina hutsi, yakachinja mafungiro akananga Andrei.
Mukadzi wacho akatanga mubatsiri webasa akavimbika, muturikiri uye mutsigiri weiyo tupolev ndege yeTupolev yeTu-70 uye tu-104, akatungamira kusarudzwa kwemarambi nemachira ehukurini. Mumakore akura, Yulia Nikolaevna akaperekedza murume wake nenzendo dzekunze.
Tupolev akataura neGamuchanidza Gurukota Dmitry Ustry Ustinov, Gurukota reAviation Industry Miknery Mikalkov uye Munyori weSekuru Nyanzvi Pakati pezvavanofarira zveAndrei Nikolayevich aimbova Horticulture uye kuvhima zvihuta. Muhudiki, vazukuru veTupolev vakatanga nematoyi emapuranga ayo sekuru vekuru nasekuru nasekuru nemaawa ekuvaraidza zvakananga kwavari.
Vazukuru vemutambi ndege vakaenderera mberi nedzimba. Mwanakomana Alexei anobva kumakore gumi nematanhatu akashanda muKB baba semugadziri wemuti weTU-2, uye mumakore apfuura kuvapo kwesovil Nyika yekutanga yepasirese yepasi. Muna 1995, Alexey Andreevich aitora chikamu muTikhonov - Tikhonov-Tikhonov block musics kuHurumende Duma.
Muzukuru waAndrei Nikolayevich, anonzi mushure mekukurukura nasekuru, ari kutungamirwa nenzvimbo yekushambadzira mapoka eOJSC Tupolev. Ndege yaive uye yemukumbiro--tuelev vladimir vul.
Avia Control
Tupolev uye mudzidzisi wake Nikolay zhuhuvsky akakwanisa kugonesa hutungamiri hwesoviet yeSoviet yekuvandudza indasitiri yemhepo yekuvandudza mhepo yekuvandudza maindasitiri emhepo uye kutadza kwesimbi-yesimbi enterprise. Easy, asi DuraBabi Yakasimba Yakatsiviwa mumhepo ndege uye nehuni isina kusimba uye simbi inorema.Zvekutanga zveMugadziri uye mavara ekutanga emazita ake akaumba mazita eiyo soviet ndege yenhamba yestrit uye tu. Icho chiri pachigadzirwa cheinjiniya emagetsi emaginiya yeTupolev - ndege yemasvikani - Valery Chkalov akagadzira isiri-yekumira ndege - Moscow Island - North Pole - United States Of America.
Nekudaro, mutyairi SiGevund Levanevsky muna 1935 akatadza kuita mari yepamberi peMoscow-San Francisco iri mundege yetsitsi dzakafanana uye pamberi paJoseph Stalin achipomera Tupolev mune yekuziva hydration. Zvakare akakundikana iyo yakawanda-simba ndege Airplane Ant-20 ("Maxim Gorky").
Muna 1937, Andrei Nikolayevich nemukadzi wake vakasungwa. Mwaka wekutanga wemhedziso yaive yakaoma. Mugadziri haana kurova, asi akawedzera maawa akawanda akamira. Pamusoro pemvumo, Tupolev yave ichitsaurwa nemakore mazhinji ekubatana neuchenjeri hweFrance neutungamiri hwesangano reAnti-soviet.
Mugadziri akatanga kubvumirana neese pfungwa dzekupomerwa, uye ndokutanga kuunza. Tupolev anotongerwa makore gumi nemashanu mutorongo, asi munguva pfupi mamiriro ezvinhu akange akanyoroveswa. Andrei Nikolayevich uye vamwe vagadziri vekugadzira ndege vanobva kuButycan Gungwa rakachinjirwa kune anonzi "kufarirwa". Masayendisiti akaitwa neinjiniya uye akagamuchira zvizere hutano, asi akapatsanurwa nemhuri. Nekutanga kwehondo, Andrei Nikolayevich ndokumisikidzwa nhambo naye, uye muna 1955 vaive vashambwa.
Iyo TUPELV, yakagadziridzwa neyekugadzira Bureau yeTupolev Tu-2 (Piking Bumble) akaita mupiro wakakura kune kukunda: 750 ndege yemhando iyi yakarwira pamhando idzi. Mushure mehondo, Andrei Nikolavich uye yake Kb yakagadzira iyo tu-4 strategic bumbiro.
Tupolev zvakare munyori weSoviet Civil Ndege tu-104, iyo Yekutanga Yepasi Pasipita Passenger Passenger Aircraft tu-144, ine mufananidzo wakatumirwa pane iyo Soviet Brand ye1969. Mune makumi manomwe ezana ramakore rechi20, iyo OKB, yakagadzirwa neAndrey Nikolavich, pasi pehutungamiri hwaValentina Krnyk, akagadzira muchina weTU-160 neine mapapiro anoshanduka jeometry.
Rufu
Mukutanga kwe20s yezana ramakore rechi20, Andrei Nikolayevich nekuda kweiyo tuberculosis sneumonia, imwe mwenje yakabviswa. Vanachiremba vakaudza murwere kuti iwe unogona kurarama kwenguva yakareba kana ukadzivisa kuwandisa. Kusungwa uye kushanda zvinopedza kunonoka kwakatungamira kudzokororazve kwechirwere.
Tupolev akafa muchiroto usiku hwaDecember 22nd, 1972. Pamanheru ekupedzisira, iyo ndege yekugadzira yakavezwa uye yakavakwa hurongwa hwezororo rechirimo muCrimea. Andrei Nikolayevich guva iri pane iyo Novderevichy Cemetery yeMoscow.
Ndangariro
- Muna 1979, Director Daniel Khrovitsky akabvisa firimu "mapapiro" nezvezvinyorwa zveTupolev uye mutorwa Igor Skiorsky muUS. Basa raSrei Nikolayevich rakazadziswa neVladislav Stroelchik, uye igor ivanovich akagadzira Yuri yako yakovlev.
- Izita TurOLEV rakapfeka nyika technical University muKazan.
- Kubva 2018, zita resayenzi rakapihwa kune iyo Airplow Airport "vnkovo".
- Tupolevskaya migwagwa uye maturu emigwagwa ari mune ese eRussia Capitals, Prague uye Ulan-ude, Kiev and Amsterdam.
- Muna 2016, bhuku raAdeli Nurmukhamostova "Andrei Tupolev" rakabudiswa mu "mwenje mikuru yeRussia" dzakateerana.
- Musi waJune 6, 2020, paTV Channl "nyeredzi", iyo yatove yakachinjisa mu "zuva rekupedzisira" kutenderera kweTupolev, yekutanga yeRouritary firimu "ine mapapiro esimbi" yakaitika.
Mubairo
- Katatu gamba reushamwari hwebasa (1945, 1957, 1972)
- Mirairo masere eLenin
- Kurongeka kweiyo Gumiguru Revolution
- Miviri mirairo yemabhanisi mutsvuku
- Anokudzwa anoshanda sainzi uye tekinoroji yeRSFSR
- Leninsky Mubayiro
- Nyika mubairo weUSSR
- Golden Aviation Medal Fai
- Leonardo da Vinci Mubairo