Biography
Noa Khomsky anozivikanwa kwete sechipfuva chete, asiwo sekutsoropodza uyo akapikisa mutemo wehurumende watorwa. Munyika yesainzi, kuiswa kwemitauro yemarudzi yakagadzirwa nemasayendisiti yaive yakakurumbira. Mabasa eMuongorori, pfungwa huru dzakazova chigadziko chekusimudzira kweCgnivistism uye Psycholinghuistics.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Muzivi akaberekwa musi waDecember 7, 1928 muPhiladelphia mumhuri yechiJudha. Vabereki vakaoneka vari munharaunda yeumambo hweRussia, uye mushure mekutamira kuAmerica. Ivo vaviri vaive vatakuri veYiddish, zvisinei, kwekukurukurirana kwemhuri, mutauro uyu hauna kushandiswa. Baba vaibatwa mumitsara, vakadzidziswa kuyunivhesiti.
Mujaya hwake, jaya rakapinda muYunivhesiti yePennsylvania, kwaaidzidza mitauro uye uzivi. Pakati peino nguva, mufundisi Zellig Harris akapesvedzera kuumbwa kwesainzi, maonero ezvematongerwo enyika uye anenge jaya. Sezvo agamuchira dzidzo inopenya, Noa aida kuzvipira kune sainzi.
Hupenyu Hwako
Hupenyu hwepachena hwega muzvikamu zvebhokisi zvekutsvagisa zvinogona kunzi dzikama uye zvinowirirana. Muna 1947, jaya racho rakanga riine rume naCarol Chaz, shamwari yake yehudiki. Muna 1949, vanoda vakatamba muchato. Vana vatatu vakaberekerwa muwanano. Vakaroorana vaigara vasina kubudikidza nerufu rwemukadzi muna 2008. Nhoroondo yakachengeta mufananidzo wemhuri inofara.Pakutanga kwe50s, musayendisiti nemukadzi wake akaenda kunogara Kibbutz - maneja anorima ari muIsrael. Munharaunda ino, nharaunda yezvinhu uye kuenzana mukushanda uye kushandiswa kwakakurudzirwa. Mushure menguva yakati, vaviri vacho vakadzokera kumatunhu, sezvo pfungwa uye pfungwa dzenyika uye dzenyika dzenyika dzinotitungamira muKibbutz dzakamanikidzwa.
Basa Resainzi
Muna 1955, Homsky akaridza dissertation yake yekudzidzisa, pahwaro hwenhazo hwakagadzira bhuku "zvivakwa zveSyntactic". Mubasa iri, rakabudiswa muna 1957, munyori, maererano nevatsvagiri, vakagadzira shanduko chaiyo muLinguistics. Yakagadzirwa nemurume uya dzidziso yekugadzira girama (generalism) yaive nemhedzisiro kunyange pamaitiro esainzi yemutauro uyo asina kugamuchira dzidziso yemasayendisiti.
Iyo yakakosha yekurovedza muviri yaive yekuongorora shanduko uye mitemo yemhando. Noam akaziva kuti kuve neseti yemitemo yegirama, vanhu vanogona kugadzira nhamba isina muganho yezvirongwa. Iyo nzira yekuvaka mazwi emitauro chikamu cheiyo genetic code. Zvidzidzo zvakafarikanywa nemutauro usazive kuti nheyo dzerudzi dzinoshandiswa mukutaura uye kunyora, pamwe nezvakawanda zvehunhu hwavo hwekubereka uye kuziva.
Nekufamba kwenguva, dzidziso yacho yaizomiriswa nezvimwe zvigadziriso. Homsky akashamiswa kuti ekusimudzira kwevana vemimwe mitauro, kurangarira kweiyo lexical zvikamu (mazwi) uye morpheme inodiwa. Pfungwa dzeMuongorori, rakaratidzwa muhurukuro, dzaikanganisa turakiti resainzi, kudzidza maitiro eruzivo kugadzirisa uropi.
Bhuku raNoama "Murume arikutaura aive akazvipira padambudziko rimwe chete. Shanduko nemitauro. " Kuongorora nyaya dzechikwaniso yemutauro, munyori anotaura nezvekuti munhu anodzidza sei kutaura, sezvakanyorwa uye kufunga, nezvekugona kwavo kutora mataurire avo, asi kusanyanya kudzidza kune imwe nyika uye nevamwe. Iri basa reLinguist rakagadzirwa mukubatana neRobert Berwik, vakaita zviitiko mumunda wehungwaru hwekungwara.
Kufunda zvekuziva psychology, Homsky akanyora basa rekuti "zvombo zvakanyarara nekuda kwehondo dzakadzikama", mairi nheyo dzekumanikidza pakuziva kwevanhu kuburikidza nevezvenhau. Gare gare pane hwaro hwekudzidza uku, murume akasika chinyorwa "nyaya nzira". Mariri, munyori akanyora nzira dzakadai dzekukanganisa kwehurumende pamaitiro evanhu sekukanganisa, kunonoka kuita uye vamwe.
Iri basa rakasvika padhuze nenyaya uye bhuku racho "kugadzirwa kwembirori". Marari mazviri, naiye pamwe naEdward Herman, akapa dzidziso inonzi "nzira dzekuparidza". Maererano nepfungwa dzevaongorori, vezvenhau mabhizinesi akaita zvekutengesa zvinhu. Chete kana izvi chete hachisi nhau, asi vateereri. Izvo zvinhu zvinoendeswa kune mamwe mabhizinesi - vashambadziri uchishandisa nzira dzakasiyana dzekunyengedza.
Mubasa resainzi renhau, iro basa raive basa "rinotonga nyika?". Kupokana nezvenyika yevaNyika muZimbabwe Century, Homsky vakanyora nezveavo vanonzi vatongi vezana ramakore, vanoongorora kuti kukanganisa kwavo kwevanhu kuchave kwakadii. Pakati pebasa - dingindira raAmerica, mharidzo yenyika seyakakura, inobvumidza kutadza muhurongwa. Inoreva zvakare kune vekunze nevapikisi vemukati uye shamwari dzeNyika.
Kufunga nezve izvo vanhu vanotarisira mune ramangwana, munyori wakatsanangurwa mubhuku rinoti "Mamiriro enguva inotevera". Mukurwadziwa, musayendisiti akafunga nezve chinzvimbo cheHurumende kubva kwaanobva kuCentursi Century, akazivikanwa pfungwa dzinodzokorora dzisingapi kukura munharaunda. Iyo mamiriro emhando idzva, maererano neHomsky, ichabatana neLibertarianism.
Mubasa re "Kurongeka Nyika" Noam akaongorora matambudziko ehurongwa hweUnited States hweUnited States, pamwe nezvinoitwa zvemakambani akabata hupfumi hwenyika. Veruzhinji vakacherekedza kuti mushure mekudonha kwemadziro eBerlin uye kudonha kweUSSR, iyo nyika yakatanga kutsvaga mikana mitsva yekuwedzera zvikamu zvekumanikidza. Muna 2015, Linguist akaita sebasa idzva iye - ane nyeredzi mufirimu-bvunzurudzo "Ricalem kurota kweAmerica".
Vatatu Director vakapinda mumufananidzo uri pamufananidzo, uye tepi yakagadzirwa kwemakore mana. Iyo purojekiti yakavakirwa pamaonero emuvharidzi pane mudziyo wenzanga uye tarisiro yayo. Muna May 2019, Homsky yakaonekwa mukutumira kweVladimir Posner. Misoro mikuru yekuburitswa kweDemocracy nerusununguko rwekutaura, kutyisidzira, kungwara kwekunyepedzera uye zvimwe.
Noam khomsky izvozvi
Muna 2020, nyika yakafukidza denda reutachiona hweCoronavirus. Masayendisiti ane makore 91, ari kuzvishingisa muArizona, akapa kubvunzurudza kwaakaratidza nzara mbiri dzepasi rose kune vanhu - kutyisidzira kwenyukireya uye kudziya kwepasirese. Sekureva kwaLinguist, zvino kuwirirana-19 chiitiko chenguva pfupi, chaunogona kurwira, uye nematambudziko maviri akatumidzwa nahwo - hazvigoneke.Quotes
- "Kuverenga hakusi nyore kutendeuka mapeji. Izvi zviri kufunga zvakanyorwa, zvakanyorwa paminda, kuenzanisa kwepfungwa nemamwe mabhuku, tsvaga mazano matsva kana mifananidzo. "
- "Zvinosuruvarisa kuti, kune chikamu chimwe chete chezvinhu zveumbozha izvo zvinogona kuitwa kusvika pakureba, kunyaradza nekunyanyisa uye kusapindira, uye pasina kurambidzwa kana miganho inonzwisisika. Tese tinoziva kuti ndezvipi zveboka: kugadzirwa kwemauto. "
- "Chero chero zano rezvematongerwo enyika rine hupenyu hwese. Kwenguva yakati ichiramba ichishanda, uye ipapo mhedzisiro yacho inotanga kuora mwoyo. "
- "Iwe unofanirwa kunzwisisa kuti chero meseji kubva kune isina kutaurwa nehungwaru hungwaru kana diplomatic sosi yakagadzirirwa kutenda vanhu mairi. Mharidzo yakadaro inogona kunge ichokwadi, uye inogona zvakare kuve yenhema. "Zvichava mataurire atinoita!"
- "Hapana chikonzero chekuwana mukana we data rakakura kana usingakwanisi kubata navo. Uye izvi iwe unofanirwa kufunga, kufunga, kudzidza. "
BHAIBHERI
- 1951 - "Morfone yeChihebheru Ani?"
- 1957 - "Zvivakwa zveSyntactic"
- 1965 - "Zvikamu zvePfungwa dzeSyntax"
- 1966 - "Linguistics yeSperces"
- 1969 - "Simba reAmerica uye Mindarins nyowani"
- 1971 - "Dambudziko Rekuziva uye Rusununguko"
- 1980 - "Mitemo uye Mirai"
- 1986 - "Ruzivo nemutauro"
- 1988 - "Mutauro uye Zvematongerwo enyika"
- 1988 - "Kugadzirwa kwekubvumirana. Kuchengetedza zvematongerwo enyika misa media "
- 1989 - "Inodikanwa Kufungidzira: kutonga pamusoro pemafungiro muDemocratic Nharaunda"
- 1992 - "Kubata Democracy"
- 1994 - "Mutauro uye Akafunga"
- 1955 - "Gumilist Chirongwa"
- 1996 - "Hondo yeClass: Kutaurirana naDavid Baryumena"
- 1999 - "Urumi mitsva yemauto: Zvidzidzo zvaKosovo"
- 1999 - "Profit muvanhu. Nouibherism uye nyika kurongeka "
- 2003 - "Hegemony kana kurwira kupona: Kuchiva kweUnited States kumatunhu enyika"