Biography
Mufundisi weChirungu wechiRungu Tomas aive nhengo yehumambo hweumambo hweLondon, pfungwa dzake dzakagoverwa muna 1820s. Zvidzidzo zviri mumunda wehupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika, magariro uye erudo zvaizivikanwa mumatenderedzwa ezvidzidzo uye zvetsika.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Biography yeThomas Robert Motldtous akatanga kuSoutheast England, aive nerombo rakanaka kuva nhengo yemhuri yakachena. Vabereki vaigara muDunhu reSurrey pedyo neguta reGilford, panguva yekuzvarwa kweMwanakomana vaive nevana vashanu.
Baba vesaenzi remunyenzi Danieri akagamuchira dzidzo yekare, yakatenderedzwa munharaunda yevanofunga kudaro saJean-Jacques Rousseau naDavid yum. Akakomberedzwa neanopfuma british uye emurume wepamutemo, Henrietta akaonga rudo rwemutongo wehunyanzvi uye pfungwa inoshamisa.
Tomasi, achiri mudiki, aiziva zvese zvakanaka zvekutarisira kwevabereki, akapururirwa kubva pazuva rekubhabhatidzwa pakati pemakore 1760s. Kubva mucheche, mukomana akataurirana nevaenzi vaive vari muzvivakwa: vanyori, varidzi nevanyori vechitendero.
Sezvo agamuchira dzidzo yekumba pasi pekutarisirwa kwevaridzi vane ruzivo, Maltus akapinda muacdemy yeWarrington, izere nevadzidzisi vehunyanzvi. Kana iyo institution yakavharwa nekuda kwekusawirirana nevafundisi, mukomana aifanira kutsvaga vamiriri uye shamwari kune imwe nzvimbo.
Kwenguva yambotsigira kusangana nevano philologist Hilbert Wakefield, iyo yaiita shanduro kubva muchiLatin nechiGiriki. Iye Munyori webhuku Rakefi Wakefield akabatsira kugadzirira kubvuma kuCambridge College pakati pegumi nemakumi matatu nemakumi matatu.
Pamakosi ekutanga ezvidzidzo zvekudzidzisa, yakavakirwa muZimbabwe Century, Thomas yakaratidza kugona kwemasvomhu uye huwandu hwesainzi yevanhu. Prizes mumunda wekusimbisa uye vanodzidziswa vadzidzisi vava muyedzo weiyo mwero wehungwaru uye debut resainzi kukodzera.
Kupfuura kumwe kubudirira kweMaltus kwaifarira iyo Unitaria, Munyori, Ruzhinji Mufungo uye Reformer William shamwari. Mushure mekudzingwa kubva kuCambridge uye kuyedzwa, mutsigiri wenyaya dzakajeka dzakauya kune nhamba yeyunivhesiti ngano.
Iyo yakavezwa yakanaka yezita rezita rekuziva harina kugovana maonero emudzidzisi kune matambudziko mazhinji munharaunda. Akava nyaya yeChechi yeAnglican mushure mekusvitswa kwakasimba, uyezve mudzidzisi akaomerera kune tsika tsika.
Hupenyu Hwako
Sezvo ava mudzidzisi mukoreji yaJesu, Tomasi akapa mhiko yekudaidzira, muhuduku hwake aifungidzirwa zvakanyatsofungidzirwa nezvekuenderera mberi kwerudzi uye nezvemhuri. Mushure mekutamira muparari, iri munharaunda yeguta reArbury, mupristi akaronga oga kuti abatsirwe nyika.Pakutanga kwa 1804, nyika yeWorld yakachinja, Maladerus, akasunungurwa kubva kuvimbiso, akawana mukadzi wepamutemo. Pashure pokuzivana naHalriet, Ancolel, mugari weguta reClaveon Imba, hupenyu hwega hwevanhu vemunyepedzeri hwakawana hunofadza.
Muwanano, mwanakomana waHenry nevanasikana vaviri vakaoneka sei pasi, dangwe rakatanga mumakungu emubereki - akadzidza uye akagamuchira chechi. Emily naLucille vakapa yakakodzerwa yemusikana emusha dzidzo, yakazara, iyo inzwi yakabatana nekujekeswa kwakajeka denderedzwa.
Basa Resainzi
Mupristi wechirungu akazova munyori wemaruva esainzi, ayo akaburitswa pachena mukupera kwa1990. Shamba pakukura kwehuwandu panguva yemambakwedza ezana rezana yakaisa kutanga kwehuwandu hwebasa rehupfumi.
Iye munyori akatenda kuti kubereka zvakananga kunoenderana nedunhu remusika, pamwe nerimperics ye zviitiko, zvese zvakanaka nezvakaipa. Kuwedzera kwehuwandu hwevatengi mu geometric kufambira mberi zvisingaite zvakatungamirwa pakuonekwa kwevasina simba nevarwere.
Kutevera iyo yeStasitist Charles Charles, Darwin Maltus yakakonzera biology, uchifunga nezve kurwira kwekupona pane muenzaniso wevanhu vakabatana. Pfungwa yevagari vakawandisa mune zvakawandisa zvehupfumi zvakanangana semuenzaniso wekupenya kwemazuva ano mashoko okushanduka.
Dzidziso, ichishoropodzwa nenharaunda, yakagadzirwa munzvimbo ine tariro yevanhu vaziso yeepoch yebasa inotsanangura nyika yakafanira nyika. Mabasa eChirungu chechiRungu uye chitoro chezvematongerwo enyika, Maltus, akashandiswa sehondo huru yesainzi.
Mamiriro ezvinhu apo kukura kwevagari vari pamberi pekukura kwekugadzira, kunzi njodzi yeMagitleusian yemigwagwa (vamiririri) vamiriri vezvikoro zvehupfumi. Karl Marx uye Friedrich Engels, uyo akadzidza dambudziko iri, akaedza kutsvaga gadziriso mune yeChirungu chinyorwa.
Thomas Robert nevanhu vane pfungwa dzakafanana, vachidzivirira pfungwa huru, vakafamba rwendo kuenda kuEurope uye vakashanyira nyika gumi nemaviri. Zvinyorwa zvinounganidzwa nevatsidzike kune dzidziso itsva yehuwandu hwehuwandu, mushure mekunatsa, zvakanyatsonaka mumasutu emugwagwa.
Kuongororwa kwedata kwakasimbisa hypothesis pane kuderedzwa kwehuwandu hwepasi nekupindirana nezvinhu zvekunze - zvirwere zvekufa nehondo. Kupokana kweiyo Economist kunomiririrwa neLondone Royal Sound Society parizvino kwakakodzera uye mune zvakawanda zviitiko ndezvechokwadi.
Kukurukurirana kwepfungwa pakati peMaltus naDavid Ricardo, vakagadzira pfungwa dzaAdamu Smith, dzakabatanidzwa mumatare ekutaurirana. Pfungwa yeiyo general yakawandisa kubva kumashure kweiyo nzira yekuwedzera kwehupfumi mukunyorerana yaive yakabatana nedzidziso yekurenda uye kusagadzikana kwemari yevashandi.
Muzvinafundo John Ramsey Mc Culloch, uyo akapinda mumakakatanwa anotyisa, akaburitsa pachena nyaya mune zvinyorwa zvenhau. Mushure mekutaura kwekurumwa, Scotsman akanhonga, mafungiro aThomas akarasikirwa uremu mumasangano denderedzwa.
Rufu
Nhandaro yebasa rakarohwa nekutsamwa kusinga tsanangurike kwakatenderwa kwakateerana kutevedzana kwekutyaira, vakaneta nhengo yakasimba. Muzera ramakore rechina makumi matanhatu, munyori wezvidzidzo zvehupfumi akazodzingwa naMweya uye akarasikirwa netariro yavo yakanyanya.Iko kukonzera kamwe kamwe kufa kwaive kamwe kamwe kurwiswa kwemoyo, munguva yechando ya1934 mazana evanhu vakadzidza nezveizvi. Pamariro yeguva mukubirwa kwevatsvene Peter naPauro, hama, vanhu vane pfungwa uye shamwari dzepedyo dzaivapo.
Quotes
- "Vanhu amene ndivo vanonyanya kukoshesa kutambudzika kwavo."
- "Kana kupokana kuchinge kwave kujairika uye kunoshanda kumatunhu ese enharaunda, hazviite kuti huvepo sosi yemhuri."
- "Boka revanhu vanopandukira ihwo mhedzisiro yevagari vakawanda."
- "Munhu akasvika munyika yatove yatovigirwa, kana vabereki vasingakwanisi kumudyisa kumudyisa kana kuti kana nzanga isingakwanisi kuzvisarudzira, haina kodzero yakaoma yekukumbira chero chinhu, uye chokwadi iye ane hunyanzvi Pasi. "
BHAIBHERI
- 1798 - "Chinyorwa pamusoro pemutemo wehuwandu"
- 1814 - "Kucherechedzwa pamhedzisiro yemutemo wechibage"
- 1814 - "Kudzidza Kwechisikwa uye Kufambira mberi Kubhadhara"
- 1820 - "Nheyo dzehupfumi hwezvematongerwo enyika"