Biography
Alexander Marnesco, akapa zita rekurumbidza reGamba reSoviet Union, aive kaputeni weChirume chechitatu, mutungamiriri weDiese Submarine, iyo yaimiririra chikepe cheBaltic. Pakazosvika munguva yechando ya1945, zvarinoravira kwaive kuvhiyiwa, semhedzisiro iyo ngarava yemauto yakanga yakakomberedzwa, iyo yaimbove yave kuita chidimbu chechikepe "Wilhelm gustloff".Hudu uye Vechidiki
Alexander Ivanovich Marnesco akaberekerwa muOdessa mumba yemushandi wechiRomania uye mukadzi weUkraine nyika yeUkraine kubva kumhuri yevarombo. Baba vacho vaive murimi wemoto uye mutyairi akashanda muboka rehurumende, saka muhudiki akateerera nyaya dzezvikepe nezvengarava.
Vabereki, vakasanganiswa nemuchato kutanga kwa1910s, vaigara zvine mwero uye vasina kuberekwa semazana evanhu vanoshanda. Mutungamiriri wechifudzi weMubati weGumarine, iyo yakaramba isina kutarisirwa, yaive mukambani yakakodzera pazera revana vavakidzani.
Muma1920s, vadiki sasha vakadzidza muchikoro chechipiri uye vakapedza kudzidza kubva kune yekumanikidzwa matanhatu-kadhi yekukasira makore gumi nematatu. Wobva washandisa hukama hwehama, akagadzirisa mubatsiri wechikepe kune ngarava, akagara achiyera pane yakasviba uye aziv sea.
Zvakawanikwa zvakaitika zvakabatsira murume wechidiki kuti apinde muchikoro chehurumende chevakuru uye apinda muchikoro chine panoshanda nechikomborero chaBaba. Asunungurwa kubva kuSangano, akava wechitatu, uyezve mubatsiri wechipiri kumukuru wechikepe chevaOdessa.
Vanyanyo vakarangarirwa kuti Alexander aida kushandisa hupenyu hwekutengesa ngarava, uye haana kufunga nezve basa rehondo. Mamiriro ezvinhu akagadzira nenzira yakadai kuti murume uyu ave akakurumbira munda uyu.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mundima 1930s, Nina Cariukhina, akazova mukadzi wake akazviratidza muupenyu hwomutungamiri wenyika. Mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwanasikana, leonora Marnesco, murume aive nechero munhu ane rudo-rudo, kwenguva pfupi.Munguva yehondo, Alexander Ivanovich aikosha kuti aivimbe nemurume wake, nekuti aigara achizotanga mano ari kudivi. Mhuri yakapwanya, uye iyo yeOdessa yeOdessa yakatanga kugara naValentine kutinhira, uyo akazova amai vamai vaTatiana.
Hondo Hondo
Izvo zvese zvakatanga nenyaya yekuti mukudonha kwa1933 Marinesko paKomsomol Pourevka yakatumirwa kumakosi akakosha emurairo wekushanda uye ane matsvuku matsvuku. Iyo yemvura arsenal yeiyo yechidiki soviet simba zvinodiwa vatungamiriri vane ruzivo.
Marinesko - murume wepakati pekureba, ane pfungwa dzakapinza uye kugona kwakatanhamara, asi kurangwa kwake kwasara zvakawanda zvinodiwa. Pasinei neizvi, jaya rakajaira kutaura pachena mafungiro ake, akakunda nzvimbo yevakuru uye akagamuchira hunhu hunodiwa hwevatungamiriri.
Iye akapedza kudzidza akagadzwa kune iyo post yeNavigator Submarine Sh-306 ("Pike"), iyo inosanganisirwa muboka reBaltic Fleet. Muchirimo cha1936, apo uto reSoviet rakaunza hurongwa hwemauto echiuto sofamile, Alexander akazova murombo.
Mushure mechinguva, Marinesko akawirwa nemukana wekudzosera makosi ekudzora akagadzwa nehutungamiri hweKiriyo yeKirovsky Dancil, iyo inobvumidzwa kutanga iyo Submarine L-1 (Leninet) uye M-96 ("Mucheche").
Pakutanga kwehondo huru yehondo, iyo Submarine, akarayirwa naMarnesco, akatenderwa kuguta guru reEstonia. Pakati pezhizha ra 1941, ngarava yaipinda muhondo yekurwa muGulf yeRiga uye munguva pfupi yakagamuchira kukuvadza kwaida kugadziriswa kwenguva refu.
Kuuya kubva muDocks muna Nyamavhuvhu 1942, iyo Submarine yakatsemuka zvirongwa zvechikepe chechikepe chechishanu, uye mushure memwedzi yakati wandei, iyo m-96 crew yakazvidavirira pakubatwa kweGerman encryption "Enigma". Zviitiko zveMarinesko mumakore ekutanga ehondo nevarwi veFascist vakarongedzwa nehurongwa hweLenin uye zita remutungamiriri we3wedhi rechitatu.
Mutungamiriri weSoviet munguva dzevaraidzo dzakaregeredzwa dzakagadzwa nemitemo yakatangwa, pane iyo Evha yekubuda kunobuda kugungwa akagamuchira chirango chekuranga. Iye murume haana kubviswa kubva pakurwisa mashandiro uye anotenderwa kugara pane submarine ine maviri edhizi enjini.
Munguva yechando, iyo "kurwiswa kwezana ramakore" kwakaitika munguva yechando yeanokunda 1945 - ngarava yacho neC-13 chiratidzo chakaparadza vanhu chiuru. Chinangwa chaive muchipatara chekufamba kwechikepe cheGerman "Wilhelm gustloff", iyo yaimbova muchipfuya yepasuru pakati pemakore makumi matatu.
Mwedzi mushure mezviitiko izvi, zvakaiswa nevanyori venhoroondo seyenzi, submarine sweat iyo liner "General Shtyben" pane iyo nzira yeGDANDK Bay. Kapteni weChirume chechitatu, ndiye akava muvengi wega wekuFahrer, akakanganwirwa zvakapfuura zvisizvo uye akapa kurongeka kwemabhan'ara mutsvuku.
Mushandirapamwe wekupedzisira wemarincco wakapera nekukundikana kukuru: Mutungamiriri wechikepe ane ngarava yeGerman, asi aisakwanisa kumurwisa. Zviito zvegamba reGrea Great Patriotic Hondo yakazivikanwa isingagutsi nekuda kwekuti iyo submarine haina kuzadzisa basa rekurwa.
Nickname of the nikolay nikolai gerasimovich KuzNetsosov akatanga kubviswa kweMutungamiriri kubva post uye kuderedza muzvimisikidzwa. Iyo native ye odenta yakadzoserwa pamutungamiriri weiyo mufambi uye yakaramba iri pamari yeBaltic kusvikira kudzingwa.
Mushure mehondo
Mukupera kwamakore makumi mana nemashanu, Marinesko akatora nzvimbo yemusoro weRopa Kuwedzerwa Station kuRutsvagurudza Institute muLeningrad. Uye akabva apomerwa mhosva ye "kudzikisira magariro zvinoreva." Idi rekuti kaputeni rechinzvimbo chechitatu rakatongerwa kusungwa, zvakakonzera kufungidzira kwekufara uye kufarirwa kwakawanda.Gamba rehondo raive richishumira mutongo mumusha weKhabarovsk ndima, kusunungurwa naAkabatana nekubuda kunoitwa nekudzidza kweiyo onezhsky-Ladoga Dunhu. Muma1950, apo zvidzidzo zvacho zvakamiswa, Alexander Ivanovich akatungamira iyo yekupa chikamu mune imwe yemabhizimusi eLaringrrrger.
Rufu
Mumakore achangopfuura, Marinesko akasangana nematambudziko ehutano uye akafa nekuda kwehurwere muna 1963. Pakupera kwaNovember, iyo Submarine yakavigwa kuBogoslovsky cemetery mu St. Petersburg.
Kwenguva yakareba guva remunhu anotora chikamu che "kurwiswa kwezana remakore" aive mune kutanga. Mukupera makumi manomwe, vanhu vakarangarira pamusoro pemutungamiriri ane mbiri, uye vanhu vakatanga kuuya ikoko.
Mumakore ekugadzirisa, nekuraira, Mikhail Sergeevich Gorbachich Gorbachich Gorbachem Rakabilitated uye akakudza musoro wegamba reSoviet Uniumous. Mune maguta akadaro seKalinstrad, Kronstadt, Odessa uye Sevastopol, midziyo uye migwagwa yakaonekwa inonzi zita reSubmariner.
MuSt. Petersburg, kutanga kwevafambisi vechikepe, iyo museum yemauto epasi pemvura yeRussia yakagadzirwa. Pakaisa kujekerwa kwemapikicha, mibairo uye matombo emauto a1941-1945, pamwe akamira aine biograls uye dhiari yevatori vechikamu mumakwikwi makuru.
Mubairo
- Gamba reSoviet Union
- Kurongeka kwe lenin
- Kurongeka kwemabhanyi akatsvuka
- Menduru "yekurwa yakakora"
- Medal "for Defense of Leningrad"
- Medal "kukunda kukunda kweGerman muhondo huru yeNyika 1941-1945."
- Menduru "mundangariro yeiyo 250 turnival yeLeningrad"
Ndangariro
- Iro zita A. I. Marnesco rakapfeka ODSsa Caltorthy School.
- Midziyo A. I. Marnesco akaiswa muOdessa, Kalindenrad, Kronstadt, D. Petersburg uye Lochwece.
- Hupenyu hwaMarinesko hwakatsaurirwa mafirimu ezviratidziro "pakudzoka kuti arege kukanganwa", "Kutanga mushure mekunge Mwari" uye "gustloff".
- Ppodevig a. I. Marnesco inotsanangurwa muRudzi rweGuva Srus "Craba Trajectory".
- PaGamba reGamba reSoviet Union yemutungamiriri weMarinesko A.. Nemusoro wegamba uye neyekuenda kuguta reMikhalovsk yeDunhu reStopotion.
- Chirangaridzo Jubize Medal "makore 100 kubva pakuzvarwa kwegamba reSoviet Union A. I. Marnesco" rakaburitswa.
- Muna 1983, mauto evadzidzi veOdessa Chikoro Nhamba 105 (iyo yekutsvaga "ndangariro yemwoyo") yakagadzirwa neyeMuseum yakatumidzwa A. I. Marnesco.