Biography
Nhoroondo yekare inochengeta akawanda mazita anobwinya, mumutsara wavo uye chikadziCl - munhu akamira pamavambo eDemocracy yeAtene. ChiGiriki chaive diplomat, Strategist, Archon uye mutungamiriri uye pane imwe nguva akafungidzirwa zvakanyanya kubva kuAtene, maererano neCicero. Mabasa esimba, anoshamisa uye ane chinangwa uye ane chinangwa, akararama neuzhinji hupenyu, hwakawana kupenya kwekubwinya nekugumbuka kwekudzingwa.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Themistoutso vanozvarwa muAtene vangangoita 524 BC. er, yakatanga kubva kune vane mbiri yevapristi. Baba vake vakatumidzwa Neokl, uye ruzivo rwevamai runopokana. Iyo inofungidzirwa kuti yakanga isiri yevaAtene uye nemutsa yaive yakapusa, asi Mwanakomana aive nemaropafadzo ese egari yehurongwa, nekuti akawana nhava kubva kuna Baba vake. Gare gare, panguva yePericale, michato yakadaro yainzi isiri pamutemo, uye vana vanoonekwa mumhuri dzakadaro vaizivikanwa sevasina mhosva.
Thevistokla yaive nerombo rekuzvarwa pamberi pehunhu hwemutemo unogumbura pamucheto, asi aisakwanisa kuzvirumbidza nemitemo yakakwirira munharaunda. Kubva ndichiri mudiki, chiGiriki chakajaira kutarisira iye chete, akatsvaga kuvaka simba remukati uye rusununguko. Mudzidzisi akaona zvinhu zvakajeka mariri uye kwete chimiro chakareruka uye chakashanda kuti mwana aisazova meduciocre.
"Chinhu chikuru, kana chakanaka, kana chakaipa, chinofanira kubuda kubva kuaya wechidiki wetene," mazano ekufunga, achitarisa mukomana.Uye haana kufanana nemutambo uye vamwe vana vainakidzwa nemitambo, vachizorora kubva pakufunda, vaizvizadza muzviratidziro kana kunyora kutaura. Kukura kwejaya kwejaya kwakaitika kupesana nemamiriro ekusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye nekuchinja kwakawanda kwesimba. Tirana akatsiva mumwe nemumwe, achinja kuuraya, uye democracy muAthens akaedza kumisikidza chete nekisimusi muna 510 BC. Ns. Mushure mekusvitswa kwekusangana kubva kugwaro, maTiranans nevamwe vagari vemo vakadzingwa, uye guta rakatanga kukura.
Hupenyu Hwako
Plutarch anonyora kuti hupenyu hwomunhu wepamoyo hwaive hwakagara, nekuti izvo zvakamusiya, izvo zvakamusiyira nhaka pasina nhaka. Nekudaro, kana vaThebhian Strategist uye vakafamba paudiki hwake, saka gare gare ichiri kutonhorera ndokutanga mhuri. Mukadzi wake akava mugadziri kubva kuDhema kubva kuDema alobe, akabereka mumwe mukadzi, vana vatatu, archentol, Polyevkta naKleofkanta. Panguva imwechete ivo vanoti vana vanobva kune vamwe vakadzi muchiGreek vaisadarika vanomwe.Chiitiko
Sistimu nyowani yezvematongerwo enyika itsva yakagadzwa muAthens inobvumirwa kuuya kune simba kune vanhu avo vaisakwanisa kufunga nezvazvo. Saka mikadzi inogona kuputsa iyo yepamusoro nekuda kwehunhu hwakatanhamara chete. Aiziva nzira yekupisa uye yakafuridzirwa kutaura, kuve nekuona uye kuisa vatengesi. Jaya rakaremedza ndangariro dzakanaka, dzakapikiswa nendege, raive nechipo chokunyengera uye kuvimba nekukudzwa zviri nyore.
Sezvo akave akakurumbira muvanhu, muna 494 BC. Ns. Themistoiles yakava archon - mukuru webasa, akapfeka vakuru. Akasimudza shanduko dzaibvumidza kushandura Atene mumamiriro akasimba emarungu. Kutenda kune zviitiko zveGreg polis, chikepe chemauto chakawana chikepe chemauto chakachiipa nesimba. Pashure pokunge kukunda kweMutungamiriri weAtene weMiltiaad muhondo yeMarathon yakabata moto nemakomisheni.
Vakakwanisa kuzviziva nezvirwere refu zvehondo dzeGreek-Persian. Yekutanga kusangana kwakanyanya kwakaitika kuArtemia. Ikoko, kuchenesa nehunyanzvi vakamhanyisa neboka racho vakamhanyira kwaari, asi kukundwa kweSpartan Tsar Leonid muhondo yake uye nerufu rwake, pamwe chete nevarwi mazana matatu, vakamanikidza maGreek kuti vatendeuke ngarava kumashure.
Nekudaro, iyo mikadzi yekubatikana yemambo wePezhiya wePezhiya muSalominan Hondo, uko vaAtene vakarukwa, vanobudirira muhondo yepasi nemubhadharo muna 479 BC. Saka vakatanga kubwinya kweAtene nekusimudza kwavo pamusoro pemamwe maguta echiGiriki. Pfuma yakakundwa yakaiswa mukuwanda kwesimba remauto eiyo mutemo.
Nekudaro, kukosha kwechekudyidzana kwaisakwanisa kuiswa kusvinura kwevamwe vagari vemo vakafungidzira kuti muchishuvo chokusimbisa musimba rekusimbisa kweAtene uye, pamwe, kunyangwe pamusoro pehukuru hwese. Izvi zvinopesana nemisimboti yedemokiridzo, nheyo dzadzo vechikadzi ivo vakambovhara. Uye zvakare, mamwe maguta ainyanya kufara nemutero, iyo mutongi weAtene akaunganidzirwa kubva kwavari, uye akatuka muchifuwani. Pakupedzisira, vagari vemo vakadzinga Muponesi wavo kubva pamadziro eguta.
Rufu
Iwo mikadzi yakaiswa pasi pekusarudzika yakakwanisa kutyaira yakatenderedza Paul Greece, yakabvumiranwa muArgos, paKorkira, muKorkira uye Syracuse. Pochka uye Kukudza Atene inowanikwa muAsia, uko mambo wePezhiya Artaxlexx akapa murairo ane mukurumbira kune manejimendi emaguta akati wandei. Nekudaro, bliss yakaramba isina kureba: Mutongi akaraira kuti vazukuru atange mushandirapamwe wekurwisa vaGiriki. Pasinei nenyaya yekuti nyika yake yaipomerwa mhosva yekutandwa uye kutongerwa rufu, mukadzi wechifembudzi anogamuchira kunyadziswa uye akamwa muchetura.Kuzviuraya kunoonekwa sekufa kwerufu rweAtene zano, zvisinei, maererano nerimwe vhezheni, akafa kubva kuchembera, mushure mezvose muna 459 BC. Ns. Iye murume wacho akange ari mudiki.
Guva rechiGiriki romuGiriki rakavakirwa muMagnesia-On-Messenke muumambo hwaAkimidov, apo mutungamiriri nevazukuru vake vakakudzwa semagamba. Kutonga nemufananidzo, mamwe matongo akasara kubva kuguta, uye nekuvigwa kwechikadzi kwakabviswa kubva pachiso chepasi, zvisinei, zvinhu zveAtene zvakabata bust.
Mu art
- 1718 - Opera Nikol Porgin "chikadzi"
- 1772 - Opera Johanna Christian Bach "Feminoke"
- 1785 - Opera Francois-Andre FELIRADORA "HEMININE"
- 1962 - Iyo Firimu "300 Spartans" (Actor Ralph Richardson)
- 1975 - Rudo rweBhuku reVoronkovaya "Gamba reSalamin"
- 2008 - Book Viktor Porchnikova "chikadzi"
- 2014 - Iyo Firimu "300 Spartans: Kukura kweHumambo" (Actor Sullivan Stepontton)