Biography
Antoine Laurent Lavoisier ndiye musayenzi wechiFrench, echisikigo, muvambi wemazuva ano chemistry. Izvo zvinozivikanwa nekupa kwayo kune biology uye ecology, iko kukura kweiyo pfungwa yekuyedzwa kwekugona kweokisijeni kune maitiro. Muongorori akagadzirisa nzira dzekurambidza uye akagadzira hurongwa hwesainzi terminology iyo ichiri kushandiswa. Biography yake uye basa uye nhasi zvinofarira vateveri.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Antoine Lavoisier akaberekwa muna Nyamavhuvhu 26, 1743 muParis, France. Baba Jean-Antoine Lavauzier akabata Gweta muParishamende. Emily puntis's amai, iye akapfuma muchengeti wemuridzi weimba yekuurayiwa, akafa mangwanani, akayambira nzira yake kumwanakomana mudiki.
Kubva pa 11 kusvika 18, akadzidza kuMazarin College kuYunivhesiti yeParis. Izvi zvakadzidziswa general zvinhu zvekudzidzisa, uye mumakore maviri apfuura - zviyedzo zvepanyama. Iye mukomana kubva mucheche aive achifarira zvisikwa, kazhinji zvaiwanzoita barometric uye meteorological kucherechedzwa. Asi pakupera kwekoreji, baba vakamutadzisa kuti tsvagirwi yaive mutambo, uye nezvehupenyu iwe unofanirwa kuve nebasa rakakura.
Iyo jaya rakapinda muruzivo rwemutemo uye mushure memakore maviri akatove nedhigirii reBachelor. Kwapera gore, akagamuchira kodzero yekuvhura mutemo, asi akasarudza basa muParamende.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1771, Antoine akaroora Marie-Ann Pierrett Zvakanakira, Mwanasikana ane makore gumi nematatu eAne Anoshanda naye Anoshanda naye. Zvinozivikanwa kuti hupenyu hwevaviri ava hwakaronga baba vemusikana, vachipa muchato wekushushikana kuti vadzivise kubatana kwemusikana nevarume vakura d'anamal.Neraki, mukadzi akasara akatanga kuva akaenzana. Sechipo chemuchato, vakagamuchira murabhoritari wesainzi pamusoro pevhu repamusoro pamba muParis. Vainonakidzwa nemitambo yebhodhi uye kukurukurirana paruzivo rwekuongorora nyeredzi, chemistry uye geology. Iye murume akadzidzisa mukadzi wake kuuchenjeri hwebasa rekurambidza, uye akadzidza kupenda kufananidzira basa rake. Nekufamba kwenguva, mukadzi wacho ave mubatsiri, shamwari nemubatiri wekutsvagisa.
Akashandura bhuku romumwe mukadzi, akachengeta tsamba neChirungu, akaita kuti zvinyorwa zvemanyoro uye manyorerwo emidziyo yemashizha anoshandiswa nemasainzi amene uye shamwari dzake. Marie-Ann akachengeta salon diki yesainzi, uko vaongorori vaigona kuitisa kuyedza uye kukurukura mazano. Akanyorerwazve aine vanhu vazhinji vechiFrench vaenzi avo, nekunakidzwa, vakapindura nezvepfungwa dzake.
Pakanga pasina vana mumhuri, uye hama zhinji dzakava vagari venhaka.
Basa Resainzi
Kugamuchira dzidzo yepamutemo, Antoine haana kukanganwa nezvekufarira kwake sainzi. Kuwedzera kune hurukuro, akashanyira yakasarudzika makirasi.
Apedza kudzidza muna 1764, jaya rakaramba richitsvakisisa, iro raive bhuku racho mubhuku racho muCemistry uye kukokwa kubasa neganda muAlsace lorraine. Muongorori 1768 mutsvagiro akagamuchira chikumbiro chekubatana neFrance Academy.
Kushanda pane mepulogical mepu yeFrance, iyo yemusikirwo yakaramba ichiedza, kusunungura basa pane zvakatangira makemikari zvinhu. Iyo nharaunda yekufarira kwe antoine yaive yekuenzanisa kweBarometers, kuyedza nemagetsi uye kudzidza kwekurohwa kwezvinhu.
Iyo nyanzvi yakaramba ichishanda muhunyanzvi - yakava muteresi mukambani yakavanzika. Munzvimbo ino, akatanga hurongwa hutsva hwematanho anoitirwa zviyero zvekurara zveFrance. Asi, chokwadika, mukurumbira wemasayenzi hakuna zivo yepamutemo, asi zvakawanda zvakawanikwa mumakemikari.
Muna 1775, Lavoisier akashanda muDhipatimendi reumambo rekuputika, uko zvidzidzo zvaro zvakatungamira mukuvandudzwa kweupfu uye kugadzirwa kwenzira itsva yekugadzira selitra.
Muna 1778, vabuki vakatenga emagetsi akati wandei panotakurwa naAntoine neakajaira zviitiko. Akashanyira minda yake katatu nguva pagore, achiperekedzwa nemukadzi uye haana kuzvidemba nezvivakwa. Mumapoka, iwo echisikigo akaedza kushandisa basa reDumel du Monsilil mune uye akakwanisa kuwana budiriro yeiyo nzvimbo.
Izvo zvakanyanyisa kugona kweMakemist ane hanya nehunhu hwekuisa uye kupisa. Ivo vakaratidza kuti okisiGen rinotora chikamu pakati pematanho ese maviri, vanozeza mukufema kwemhuka nezvirimwa, uye zvakare vanopinda mumachira emasimbi. Masayendisiti aive mumwe wevatariri vatatu vemumhepo, kwaari, Karl Shelele naJoseph vakacherekedzwa munzvimbo ino.
LAIVIORIER YAKADZWA PAKATI PAMUSORO PEMAHARA DZESVONDO DZESVONDO REMAHARA, YAKABUDA "oksijeni" uye "nitrogen" pachikamu chemhepo uye ichiona kuti ndezvipi zvinhu zvine mhosva yemvura. Kuedza kwake naPhosporous uye Sulfu yaive imwe yekutanga kuedza kunogona kutsanangurwa seyakaongororwa. Ivo vakashanda sehwaro hwechimiro chemutemo wekuchengetedza misa.
Muongorori aive asiri wekutanga kudzidza munzvimbo ino. Kwemakore makumi matanhatu nematanhatu pamberi pake, Mikhail Omonosov Omonosov akasvika kumufungo mumwe chete, asi musayendisiti weRussia akaita kuti vagadzirise. Nhasi, pfungwa yekuti mese chemist yakagadzira inonzi Mutemo waLemonosovs - Lavoisier.
Mukubatana neFrance Scientist Cleuque Antoine akagadzira Chemical Nomenclature Chimikiti, 1787). Yayo terminology inonyanya kushandiswa kusvika ikozvino, kusanganisira mazwi akadai seSulfutic acid kana Sulfates.
Muna 1786, iyo Chemist akaisa dzidziso yeCalorie, iyo inosimbisa mazano maviri - kupisa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa zvinogara zviripo, uye kupisa kwacho kune basa renyaya uye mamiriro acho. Pamwe chete neyepamoyo Pierre Simon Simon de Laplas, akaratidza kuti kana chikafu chiri chexidized, kupisa kunosiyaniswa, izvo zvinogona kuyerwa neCalarimeter. Izvi zvakawanikwa nanhasi zvinoonekwa sehwaro hwehutano.
Kuti vasimudzire mazano ako, muna 1789 musayendisiti akaburitsa iyo traité élémentaire techté élécing bhuku reChimie ( Uye zvakare, muongorori akagadzirisa vabati vemagazini eChimie akagadzirwa pamwe chete nevamwe vake ("Annals Chemistry"), iyo yakaburitswa mishumo pane zvakawanikwa mumakemikistry itsva.
Rufu
Iko kukonzera kwekufa kwemasikirwo aive maonero ake ezvematongerwo enyika. Lavoirisier akatenda mukuda kwekuchinja kwemagariro. Aive chikamu chenharaunda inotaura mutero yekugadzirisazve uye nzira itsva dzehupfumi. Munguva yekuchinja kweFrench, nyanzvi yakaburitsa chirevo pane mamiriro emari yenyika.
Nguva pfupi izvi mushure meizvozvo, revoluire vaimudaidza mutengesi wekuunganidza mutero. Maererano nemabatiro edzimhosva, iyo Chemist akapiwa mari yekubatwa mari kubva kuchivigiro chepfuma cheFrance uye kuichinjana kwavari kune dzimwe nyika.
Kune maonero ezvematongerwo enyika uye ehupfumi emuongorori akatongerwa rufu. Mudare, akakumbira mvumo yekutanga yekutsvaga kwesainzi yesainzi, asi yakagamuchira kuramba. Antoine lavoisier akaremara muParis musi waMay 8, 1794. Nechikonzero ichochi, baba vomukadzi wake uye nevarume vazhinji vakaurayiwa.
Pakupera kwa 1795, hurumende yeFrance yakaziva kuti musayendisiti asina mhosva. "Baba" veMakemikari emazuva ano vanovigwa mumakuva vachirwara.