Biography
Mufambi weRussia weRussia uye Ethnogralia Nikolai Miklukho-Maclay akaitwa bhizinesi rake rinonakidza muzana remakore rechi19, kana achifamba pasi uye mvura yaive nyaya yekutambudzika uye kazhinji isingafungidziriki. Ehe, nematunhu ekutsvagisa, musayendisiti akavhomeka kuti asingawanikwe - vagari veAustralia, Oceania neNew Guinea, uye zvawanikwa hazvina kupera kutsanangurwa. Miklukho-Maclay akabvunzwa neane tsika uye ane tsika uye akaedza kudzivirira kodzero dzevagari venzvimbo dzenzvimbo dziri kure.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Mufambi akaberekwa musi waChikunguru 5, 1846 mune yeLovgorod Province, asi mushure memwedzi akazotevera mhuri pamwe chete nemucheche, kwaibereka baba vake Nikolai vakagamuchira musangano wejira rechitima. Nekuda kwebasa remba yemhuri, Miklukhi akanyatso kutama, uye mukadzi wake Ekaterina semevna, panguva ino, akazvara vana. Kolya aive nevanun'una vatatu nehanzvadzi.
Vabereki vesaenzi vaive vekunaka, uye zvakaoma kutaura nezve nyika: Vaive nemidzi yeRussia, yechiGerus yeGerisme uye yePolish. Pasinei nenyaya yekuti baba vakashanda nesimba uye vakanyatsotsikirira hutano, kurwara kwehutano mubasa, mamiriro emhuri aive akaoma. Dambudziko rakawedzera mushure mekufa kwaNikolai Ilyich muna 1857, apo chirikadzi yake neri venhaka vakasara vasina mapenhama uye vairasikirwa. Amai vakaedza kuwana mari nemadhirowa, uye mamwe madiki ekuchengetedza akaiswa mumatanda.
Dzidzo yekutanga yevana yaiita vadzidzisi vanouya vatongi, kuvonga kuti Miklokhi akatengeswa nechiGerman neFrench. Nekuda kweizvozvo, chete pazvinhu izvi chete mumitambo yekurovedza muviri Nikolai yakanga yakafungidzira zvakanaka, kune vamwe vese vaakawana katatu pazvinhu zvakanaka. Makirasi mukomana akapotsa uye akamboramba nguva kakati kwegore repiri, chikonzero chacho chaive nematambudziko nehutano uye kushingairira kwevadiki vemurume wechidiki. Semuenzaniso, kuratidzira pachena kwevanhu pakutora chikamu maaive akatosungwa pazera ramakore gumi nemashanu.
Nikolai haana kupedza iyo yekurovedza muviri uye akafunga nezve freestressor muT. Petersburg University, kwaakange asina kunonoka nekuda kwekutora chikamu mumudzidzi kusagadzikana. Nekuda kweizvozvo, Miklukha akasara kuenda kuGermany, kwaakadzidza kuchizivi kuyunivhesiti yeHeidelberg University, uye muIan University, mayunivhesiti uye zvekurima.
Mari yaisambokwana kubhadhara kwekubhadhara kwedzimba uye jaya, murume wechidiki uyu akaumbwa neshungu uye kutsungirira, nekutenda kuti mutungamiri wesainzi aErnst akaonekwa. Achienda pakubuda kwechiitiko chezviwi, akakoka mudzidzi ane tarenda naye. Iyi ndiyo yaive rwendo rwekutanga rwekutsvaga Miklukhi, kwaakabatsira musoro muchidzidzo chechikepe cheAtlantic uye nenzira yacho yaitobatsira kune biology, ichivhura rudzi rutsva rwe limonge.
Hupenyu Hwako
Nikolay agara achifarira vanhu pavakanaka uye kudanana uye vachiri mudzidzi kuGermany. Nekudaro, shanduko dzakakomba muhupenyu dzega dzakaratidzirwa muAustralia, kwaakasangana nemwanasikana wegavhuna weSouth Margaret Robertson Clark. Vabereki vemuchati vacharwa havana kufadzwa nesarudzo yemwanasikana wavo: Chikomba chakasiyaniswa nehutano hwehutano, tarisiro, yakanga isina mamiriro, uye zvakare yakagadzirirwa kubvisa musikana ari kure Russia.
Zvisinei, kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti mumuchato wakasimba, margaret akarasikirwa nerenyi yakasimba, yaakawana pane kuda kubva kumurume wekutanga, akabvuma kuita mufambi weRussia, uye muchato wakaitika munaFebruary 27, 1884.
Musiyano wechitendero haunawozve kupedzisa kumhedziso yemubatanidzwa, umo vana vaviri vakaberekerwa vanakomana vaviri, Alexander naVladimir. Bazi reAustralia reVazukuru veEthnologine, sekuru uye hukuru hwenyu hunogara muSydney, Melbourne naCanberre.
Kana basa rechiteshi chekutsvaga Nikolai Nikolayevich muNew South Wales akamiswa, akaendesa mhuri kuRussia, zvisinei, hosha dzakange dzadzvanya mukadzi wake munguva pfupi iri kuuya. Margaret Miklukho-Maclay aisada kugara mumutorwa uye pakupera kwa 1888 akadzokera kuAustralia, akambonyatsonzwisisa nezvinyorwa uye nhaka yemurume wake. Emperor Alexander III akabhadhara mukadzi parwendo rwepamurirwo ndokumuchengetedza pension yake yeupenyu hwese mune yakasimba mari.
Sayenzi uye Expedition
Rwendo rurefu rwekurukurwa rwaMiklukho-maclay rwakatanga muna 1870, paakasvika chikepe chemauto eVitiveaz nekubuda kwechikepe kuNew Guinea. Achigara pachitsuwa cheanopfuura gore, iyo Trainabher hupenyu hwezuva nezuva, tsika uye tsika dzepapa, dzakakwanisa kukunda ruremekedzo rwavo uye kuvimba.Haana chete nerondedzero yakazara yeMelanesia, asi akasimudzawo dambudziko redzinza revanhu, achiratidza kuti vagari vezvitsuwa zviri kure havana vamiriri vevanhu, uye kwete nhanho yekuchinja kwemhanyi munzira inoenda homo sapiens. Mushandi wevaranda airatidzika kuva sainzi haatenderi.
Anthropological uye Etanographic Tsvagai Nikolayevich muPhilippines, munyika dzeOceania neIndonesia, asi zvakadzokororwa kudzoka kuGuinea New. MuAustralia, musayendisiti akaitwa mukuvakwa kwenzvimbo yezororo, ayo akadzidza nyika yemhuka. Nekuda kweizvozvo, munzvimbo dziri kure dzekunze, mufambi weRussia akapedza nguva kupfuura kumusha kwake.
Rufu
Nezvehupenyu hwake hupfupi, Miklukho-Maclary haana kutenderwa nechirwere chakakomba, kusanganisira kudzokorora kudzokororwa kwemapapu, leural, neuralgia, rheumatism nemarariya. Kurwiswa kwekupedzisira kwakamutevera kubva pahudiki kusvika pakupera kwemazuva. Pakazosvika makumi mana, Nikolai Nikolayevich aitsvanya, akarasikirwa uye akasangana nemarwadzo zvachose. Akaedza kushanda, zvisinei, nekutanga kwa 1888 Haachakwanise kuita pasina morphine.
Rufu rwevafambi rwakatungamirwa nekutambudzwa: Bronchitis uye pneumonia yakawedzerwa kune Insomnia, Edema, kurutsa uye kusagadzikana kweiyo Musculoskeletal system. Kubvumbi 2, musayendisiti haana. Kukonzera rufu kwakaiswa muZana ramakore reAria chete: Kana mamusangano weAnthropology uye Etsitrofy paakaendeswa kuMuseum uye Etinography muna 1938, akaongorora akawana cancer mujaya.
Iyo Ethnographari yakavigwa pane iyo chaiyo yekuona kweiyo volkovsky makuva volkovsky yemakuva volkovhery of St. Petersburg. Akaramba ari munhoroondo seyakafara nhoroondo, ayo panguva imwe chete akapfuurira kuGeology, Biology, anthropology, Geology, Oceanography nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeSainzi. Mufananidzo wemuongorori unoshongedza madziro ehofisi echikoro, uye biography yake yakaumbwa mabhuku uye mafirimu.
Ndangariro
- Miklukho-maclay pachako, maererano nekodzero yekutsvagira kwekutanga, wainzi zita rake kuNortheast Count neNorthhea New Guinea
- Rwizi rweMakley rwizi muAstrolabia Bay
- Zita rekuti Miklukho -Clay rakatumidza zita rekuti Bay weGungwa reSouthern kubva pamhenderekedzo yeAntarctica (Wilx Land)
- Asteroid 3196 Maklaj (Maklaj)
- Midziyo yeScientist yakaiswa muOkulovka (Novgorod Dunhu), Malina, Sevastopol, Jakarta
- Miklukho-maclay migwagwa iripo muMoscow uye Madanga (Papua New Guinea)
- Vasikana vachangobva kuvambwa vari pedyo neCape Garagasi muna 2017 zviri pamutemo vakagamuchira zita Miklukho-maclay
- Miklukho-maklai mota ngarava
- Iyo firimu firimu "Miklukho-Maklai". Director A. E. zvine musoro
- Iyo firimu firimu "mhenderekedzo yehupenyu hwake". Director Yu. M. Solomin
- Cartoon "murume kubva kumwedzi"
- Mumhanzi "equator"