Biography
Vasilly Shukshin akaberekerwa mumusha weSHEK, iyo Biysky Dunhu reAltai Dunhu. Kuenda kwemhuri iri nyore yemasokisi esoles kana "varimi vepakati", vakarasikirwa nababa vake pakutanga: Muzuva rekuunganidza uye kudzorerwa kwe30s makar leontevich shukshin akasungwa uye akapfurwa. Zvese zvinonetsa nezvemhuri yakatora amai. Kuuya kwakaroora kechipiri, akaramba achimutsa vana pamwe chete newawakaroorana naye. Mune ramangwana, shushily shukin ichava nedzimba kuti rirangarire baba vake vokurera somunhu mutsa mukuru.
Mushure mekupedza kudzidza kubva munyoreri mumusha wemunhu, vasily shukshin vanoenda kuBirsk vavakidzani kuti varambe vachidzidza mune yechikoro chehunyanzvi. Achidzidza ikoko kwemakore maviri nehafu, asi asina kugamuchira diploma, rombo rakanaka durakiti rinomanikidzwa kurega kudzidza, dzokera kumba uye tanga kushanda kuti uchengete mhuri.
Kwechinguva chidiki, chakashanda mumusha wemubatanidzwa wemusha wekuzvarwa, vanoshandura chizvarwa chechiitiko uye chinogutiswa nemakaniki. Kubva pakutanga kwebasa muna 1946 uye kusvika pakudana kwake muNavy muna 1949, mucheki chechidiki chakakwanisa kufamba maguta mazhinji nemabhizimisi.
Yakanga iri panguva yebasa reuto sechikamu cheiyo nzvimbo yakasviba yegungwa yeShusily Shukshin yakatanga kufarirwa nekugadzira kugona mabhuku. Pamaawa ekuvaraidza, anonyora nyaya dzake dzekutanga uye achiverenga kune vaunoshanda navo. Asi iye haana kufanira kumira kusvika kumagumo - kwenguva yekutanga ivo vakabata zviratidzo zvechibereko chemudumbu. Kurwiswa kwacho kwairema zvekuti basa rekurapa rikamuziva basa risingafungiki pazuva rimwe chete.
Pakudzokera kumba, vaShasily shukshin vakapfuudza bvunzo dzekupedza kudzidza kwechikoro chesekondari ndokutanga kushanda semudzidzisi wemutauro weRussia. Gare gare, akakokwa kunharaunda yemutungamiriri weChikoro chehudiki hwepabati mumusha wake wekuzvarwa. Nekudaro, zvichienderana nemamoirs yeShukshin pachavo, aive mudzidzisi "Nevaaznetsky". Kudzidzisa hakuna kumusarudza senhau yehupenyu. Dare remangwana rakanzwa chishuwo chikuru chekukunda guta guru.
Muna 1955, vasily shukshin vatasvike moscow kuti apinde musicenario faculty yeVGika. Kuti amupe mukana wekuti asvike kuguta uye kushandisa mukana wake, Amai vakatengesa mombe uye vakapa mari yese kuMwanakomana wake. Pashure pacho, iyo yakasarudzika firimu director yakayeuka iyo nekuda kwechitarisiko chakaratidzwa, pamwe nekuda kwekunyepedzera kufungidzira, kwaakapa basa rekugamuchira, Shukshin akavezwa kuti apinde. Asi mugumo wakasiyana, uye vasily shukshin akasarudza director wezvakaringana.
Panguva imwecheteyo, iyo yemunyori detution inodiwa - pane zano reMupi wake Mikhail Ilyich Ilyich Ilyich Hukma Shukshin anotumira zvinyorwa zvake mumaparidzi. Pano, rombo racho rokutanga raive rekuparidza magazini "shanduko" yenyaya yake "mbiri pane imwe ngoro."
Mafirimu
Panguva imwecheteyo tanga kupfura kumafirimu. Basa rekutanga Shukshin rakange riri episodic. Mumufananidzo "wakanyarara usaite basa diki rechikepe. Asi yakashanda sekutanga kwakanaka kwebasa rekutamba, kusundidzirwa kukura, uye basa rinotevera raShukshin mufirimu "vaviri Fedor" ndiyo yaive huru.
Zvimwe zvikumbiro zvaisamanikidzwa kumirira kwenguva refu, uye munguva pfupi SHESSHIN-Actor yaive yakawanda yakabudirira kupfuura Shukshina-director. Nekudaro, iyo huru izwi tenzi akanzwa chimwezve chinhu. Akakwezva nepfungwa yekuzvisika-yekuzvisunga yakazara-yakafemerwa nyaya, kunyatso kudzidza kwehunhu hwega kwega uye huwandu hwenzvimbo inotevera yezvinhu zvese pachiratidziro.
Basa rekutanga rakazvimirira "kubva kuSwan kuenda kuRubu" rakaitwa zvese zvido zveMunyori - Vasily Shukshin vakaoneka pano senyeredzi, Director uye mutambi. Ehe, uyu mufananidzo wakagara usina hanya kune vatsoropodzi, izvo zvakamuudza zvimwe zvinonakidza, asi nheyo dzemaporofita ayo mazhinji akarongwa akaradzikwa.
Iyo inotevera yakazara-yakazara firimu "inorarama murume akadaro" yakabviswa zvichibva pane yakamboburitswa nyaya "Mutyairi weClass" uye "Grinc ManyUgin". Basa guru rakakokwa kuVasily's waunodzidza navo paVgika Leonid Kurumbly. Iri basa rakagamuchira kubudirira kwakakura. Shukshina akaona vateereri uye kushoropodza. Pakati peino nguva, nzira yake yakasika yaive yakazara.
Magamba okuShompshin anoratidzwa mumabasa avo ari nyore vashandi vane mavara akaoma anowira mumamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Dingindira remunhu akareruka riri padyo nemukuru uyo akashanyira murimi wezvimwewo, uye vashandi, vanonzwa chaizvo vanhu avo, vaanonyora. Shukshin-mutambi, maererano nekutsoropodza kwechiitiko, vane kugona kutarisa nyika kuburikidza nemaziso egamba rake, akazvarwa zvakanyanya mune zvese matambudziko ehunhu hwake. Iyo directory chimiro cheShompshin yakarangarirwa nevateereri mamwe ekunze estate uye akadzora nhoroondo yerondedzero.
Muna 1974, iyo firimu yakakurumbira Shukhhin "Kalina Red" firimu rakatsvuka "rakaburitswa pane zvikwangwani, iro rekupedzisira basa basa. Iyo pikicha yakagamuchira mibairo yakanakisa uye yakanaka mhinduro yekutsoropodza. Nyaya yejeri uye ichiedza kutanga hupenyu hweanoratidzira-Egor prokodina yakavanzika pachena. Pakutanga mubatanidzwa hauna kubvisa nyaya dzakadai, uye mushure mekutanga, vateereri vaichema uye vakanyatsojeka. Iyo firimu yakagamuchira mibairo yakawanda yemitambo yakasiyana yefirimu.
Nekuzvipa ivo pachavo maitiro ekufemedza, director haana kupfava hutano, uye kurwiswa kwakakomba kwakakura kwehurwere hwehubato hakuna kukanganisa chirongwa chekushanda.
Zvirongwa zvakawanda zvemudyire hazvina kuzvidzivirira kuti zviitwe: Haina kumirira kugadzirisa kwemufananidzo wemaviri-sewe wechigaro cheStepan Razin uye murombo kumisikidza. Vasilly shukshin ainyatsoda pamusoro penyaya iyi - akanyanya kuongorora zvinyorwa zvekutanga, akadzidza tsika dzeNguva, akashanda iyo script uye yekupfura chirongwa. Nekuda kweizvozvo zano iri, akatoramba kutora chikamu mune mamwe mafirimu, achigadzira makuru kubheja pa "Stepan Razin". Panguva iyoyo, hutungamiri hweDare reNyika hweCinematography hwakatangazve nhoroondo huru yenhoroondo mukupera uye kudhura zvakanyanya, kubvumira kunzwisisa kuti kupfura kwakamiswa zvachose. Panzvimbo pezvo, akarairwa nependi ye "shopu-shopu" (1972).
Pakutanga, director akaronga kukoka zvakare Leonid Kuravharev kuenda kuLeonid Kurumbleevlev, asi iye akaramba uye akataura kuti Shukin kuti azvitambe. Akaita, uye iyo firimu yakaziviswa kubva kune vatsoropodzi vakanyora uye vakati basa reIvan Zorguueva rakatambwa nehasha.
Iyo inotevera firimu, umo Shukshin ndiyo yaive yekutungamira basa, yakava yekupedzisira kwaari. Vasilly shukshin akafa kamwe kamwe panguva yekupedzisira yefirimu nefirimu yake yese yaanofarira "vakarwa kumusha kwavo."
Mabhuku
Mukufananidza, vasily shukshin kubudirira kunosanganisa sangano rekinematic nekunyora. Mabhuku ake "vagari vekumaruwa" vakaburitswa muna 1963 neimba yekuparidza "vadiki". Zvakare, kune mavara maviri akazara muiyo nhaka yekugadzira yeShompshin, nepo dambudziko guru rekusika ranyatso kuburitswa nenhau dzakawanda uye dzimba dzekushanda sosi yeanotevera cinematograction.
Shukshin mabhuku akamanikidza mari yegoridhe yemabhuku eSoviet. Iyo chete yeCayy Tala yeShukshina "kune yechitatu manoster" inzvimbo. Mubasa iri, munyori anotaurirana zvekare nezveRussia zvimedu zveRussia, nezve chirahwe che "murume weRussia."
Hupenyu Hwako
Maria Ivanovna Seshiya ndiye akatanga uye chete mukadzi wemutungamiriri weMudyire, anobva kuna ani zvake akasangana nejaya rake. Nehurombo, hupenyu hwavo panzira dzakaenda pazuva remuchato nekuda kwekuramba kwaMariya Ivanovna kuti vaende neVasily kukunda Mosquer. Mukadzi wechidiki akatya kusachena kwehupenyu hwamangwana reMutoro. Achisiya Maria mumusha wake wekwaakaberekerwa naMoscow akaenda kuMoscow ndokudzoka mushure memakore mashoma kukumbira kurambana, sezvo aida mumwe.
Panguva iyoyo, akange atogara neVictoria Seafronava kwenguva yakareba, mwanasikana wemunyori ANatoty safronova. Asi Maria haana kupa murume wake kurambana, akasara mukadzi wake mumwe chete kusvika kumagumo ehupenyu. Kuti ubude pachinzvimbo ichi, vasily shukshin akatomanikidzwa ku "kurasikirwa" pasipoti. Muna 1965, Anastasia Sofronova kubva kwaari mwanasikana Katerina Shukshin.
Muna 1964, Shukshin akaroora Actress Rydia Alexandrova, uyo akatamba mufirimu "anogara mukomana akadaro." Imba yavo yakatanga kwenguva yakareba. Zvinoenderana nendangariro dzaAlexander, chikonzero cheizvi chaive rudo rwehukama hwepamusoro dhairekitori uye doro zvisina mwero. Nekudaro, zvinozivikanwa kuti Shukshin akazivikanwa murudo Nonne Martyukov, asi Nonna Borisovna akazotaurira kuti havana kusvika hukama hwakakomba.
Pakupfura kwependi "Izvo Izvo, iyo Nyanza" Vasily Shukshin Inoses Actress Lysoseva. Kwenguva yakareba, haakwanise kupa mwarapuro kumukadzi mumwe uye anotsigira hukama nevaviri pakarepo. Ridhiya akabereka wakamubereka vanasikana vaviri, Maria neOlga, vanogara pedyo nomurume wake kusvikira pamazuva ekupedzisira eupenyu hwake. Gare gare, mwanasikana waShukshin akanyudzwa, naMaria Shukshinhina vakatungamira chirongwa chakakurumbira "vanondimirira."
Rufu
Chakavanzika cherufu rwaShukshin uye chakaramba chisina kufanira kusvika kumagumo. Munguva yekufema yefirimu yekupedzisira nekutora chikamu chake, "vakarwira nyika yavo" SchaksHina vakacherekedza kumwe kuwanda kweeptic ulcer. Dzimwe nguva, kurwiswa kwaive kwakasimba, maererano nekuona zviono, akafamba kunge serufu. Maererano neCommodity vhezheni, kunyangwe paine chokwadi chekuti mushure mekuzvarwa kwevana, vaShasily shukshin vakasungwa nedoro, kwaive kupindwa muropa naye uye vakamuuraya.
Nekudaro, pane imwe shanduro yeiyo shukshin inogona kuiswa. Hapana munhu akazopedzisira audza chokwadi, asi mukadzi waRidhiya akadyira-shukshin akarangarira kuti murume wake akanzwa njodzi uye akafungidzira kuti chimwe chinhu chingaitika kwaari.
Kana mukuru wedura weSergey Sergey Bondarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarch aigona kuti uturu, nekuti zuva rinotevera mutambi akaongororwa muKremlin Hospital, uye pakanga pasina mapato akakura. Maererano nerunyerekupe, muCabin yechikepe, makanga mune muviri waShukini wakawanikwa, waigona kutendera "kuongorora" gasi, risingabve miti yekuratidzwa. Kurwiswa kwechidimbu kwakazivikanwa seyakagadziriswa vhezheni yerufu.
Shukshin Vasily Makarovich akavigwa musi wa4 Gumiguru, 1974 paNovderevy Cemetery yeguta guru. Vanhu vazhinji vevanhu vakasvika kumariro, uye munhu wese akasara paguva retsvuku kalina twig. Vladimir Vystsotsky zvakananga akanyora rwiyo: "Memory of Vasily Shukshina". Zvinoenderana nendangariro dzemukadzi wake, Shukshin vaitenda kuti vanhu vakatanga kuvavengana, saka akaedza kuita kuti vanhu vayeuke basa ravo.
Filmography
- Chinyararire don.
- Maviri feor
- Kubva kuSwan Report
- Kana miti yaive yakakura
- Chii icho, gungwa?
- Kana iwe uchida kufara
- Ndapota uve nemashoko
- Vakarwa kumusha kwavo
- Murume akadaro anorarama
- Mwanakomana wako nemukoma
- Vanhu vakasarudzika
- Fire-shopu
- Tsvuku vibhamu
BHAIBHERI
- Nyika
- Lubavina
- Ipapo, kure
- Anorarama mukomana akadaro
- Mavara
Mufananidzo