Biography
Mikhail Khodorkovsky ndeye entrepreneur uye ex-muridzi weiyo hombe yeRussia yeRussia kambani Yukos. Maererano neNyika ya2003, aifungidzirwa kuti mumwe weanopfupikiswa uye ane hurongwa hwemari yerudzi rweRussia, guta rake remadhora. Muna 2005, akazova chinhu chakakosha chematsotsi epamhepo nyaya paYukos uye yaipomerwa mhosva yekunyepedzera uye mutero wekubviswa.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Khodorkovsky Mikhail Borisovich akaberekerwa musi waJune 20, 1963 mumhuri yebasa reMetropolitan. Vabereki vake Marina Filippovna naBoris Moiseevhe vaive vechijimu enjimendi paKalbr Factory inogadzira chaiyo yekuyera michina yekuyera. Sekureva kwaMikhail, hama dzake kuna baba vake kuti vaJudha, asi iye amene akanzwa Russian neNyika.
Mhuri yeramangwana petroleum magnate yakararama zvakanaka mukamuri ine hukama kusvika 1971, mushure meizvo vabereki vakagamuchira dzimba dzavo. Muhudiki, Khodorkovsky aifarira kuedza uye kemikari, achiratidza kuda kuziva uku.
Kuda kukudziridza tarenda rechisikigo tarenda remaketi tarenda, vabereki vakasarudza kupa mikhail kune chikoro chakakosha nechikoro chakadzama chevakadzama uye masvomhu Nha. 227, pakupera uko jaya rakapinda moscow kemikari tekinoroji Institute. D. I. Mendeleev. MuYunivhesiti, Khodorkovsky yaionekwa semudzidzi wepamoyo weiyo famiti, kunyangwe iyo yekukoshesa mari yakakosha yemari yakamuita munguva yavo yemahara yekushanda semutengesi mune imwe muvezi mune dzimba dzekugara. Muna 1986 akapedza kudzidza kuyunivhesiti ane kukudzwa uye akagamuchira technology injiniya-technologist.
Mujaya hwake, Mikhail, pamwe chete nevanhu vane pfungwa dzakafanana, vakagadzira nzvimbo yehudiki hwesainzi uye nehunyanzvi hwehudiki, iye akatanga basa rake rekutanga bhizinesi, nerubatsiro rwezvaakawana mari yekutanga. Mukufananidzirwa nezviitwa muNTM, ramangwana rezvemangwana tycoon vakadzidza kuInstitute of National Economy. G. V. Plekhanov, kwaakasangana nehama yevakuru vari muHurumende Bank yeUSSR Alexei Golubovich.
Bank "menatep"
Kutenda kune yake yekutanga "break", mikhail khodorkovsky yakatora sero rakasimba munyika yebhizinesi rakakura uye muna 1989 kufambira mberi kwesainzi uye tekinoroji ", kuva iye Sachigaro webhodi Iyo Khodorkovsky bank yaive imwe yekutanga kugamuchira iyo USSR State Bank License, iyo yakamubvumira kuti aite mashandiro emari yemutero, iyo shumiro yeMari uye rosvooruchi.Muna 1992, nyanzvi yeiyo Nyanzvi yeKhodorkovsky yakawana imwe nzira uye yakatanga kubvarura bhizinesi reoiri. Pakutanga akagamuchira musangano wekutumira kwechigaro chemari yekudyara yeindasitiri uye eec. Chinzvimbo chitsva chakapihwa kuMikhail kodzero dzese uye masimba emutevedzeri mafuta uye simba. Mushure memwedzi mishoma, akazova mutevedzeri akazara-mutevedzeri wezvemutevedzeri. Kuti ushande mubasa revanhu, zvaive zvakafanira kusunungura chinzvimbo chechitsauko mubhangi "menatep", asi mahupfumi vese vebhodhi vakasara mumaoko ake.
Pakati peino nguva, oligarch akafunga kuchinja zano reManatep Bank. Sangano remari semhedzisiro yakatanga kuisa pfungwa pane vatengi vazhinji avo, nerubatsiro rwaro, vakaita shanduko dzemari uye vakagamuchira masevhisi anoda nyaya dzezvinhu muzvikamu zvehurumende. Nekufamba kwenguva, menatep yave yakakura kupfuura iyo yekudyara indasitiri. Nhungamiro dzekutanga yaive indasitiri uye metallurgy, petrochemistry uye zvekuvakisa zvekuvaka, pamwe nezvikafu zvemakemikari nemakemikari.
Yukos
Muna 1995, Khodorkovsky akakwakuka kuChirungu cheRussia Olla Soskovtsu aine Chinyorwa cheMenatep State Of Staris Offery of Yukos, yekutanga mumafuta .
Mushure mekutengesa, menatep yakava muridzi we15% danda re40% muYukos, wobva waita mamwe makumi matatu neshanu ezvikamu zvemafuta, pamwe nevashanu vakabhadhara madhora mazana matatu emamirioni. Gare gare pamamita menatep mari Zvakare akazova muridzi wehuwandu hunoshamisa hwekuchengetedza pachayo chengetedzo yebhizimusi reoiri yeRussia uye kudzora anopfuura 90% yeYukos anogovera.
Kuva muridzi weYukos, Khodorkovsky akaita mhedziso yemavheni ekambani yekurova-isina kurohwa, asi midziyo yaManatep haina kuita izvi. Iyo Oligarch yakatora makore matanhatu uye yekudyara kwemabhangi echitatu kuti aunze iyo Yukos kubva kuDambudziko reKutakura, nekuda kwekungwarira kweMusika weGlobal Musika Wemakore makumi mana emadhora.
Matambudziko ekuita bhizinesi haana kudzivirira Mikhail Borisovich muna 2001 neCoverter yeVilopussia, Jacob Rothschil Peotrovsky, Jacob Rothschider uye aimbove mumiriri weUSBassador kuenda kuUSBRR Arthur Hartman. Gare gare pahwaro hwayo, iyo yese-Russian network network network uye zvematongerwo enyika "yakavhurika Russia" yakasikwa, iyo yakatambudzwa munharaunda yeRussia Federation. Mushure mekusunungurwa kweKhodorkovsky, bato rakaenderera mberi nebasa rayo riri pasi pehutungamiriri hwake.
Yukos Bhizinesi
Muna Gumiguru 2003, panguva iyoyo, Mikhail Khodorkovsky, uyo akave mumwe wevanhu vakapfuma muRussia nenyika, vakatanga kusungwa neAirport airport airport Mushure meizvozvo, kutsvaga kwakaitwa nehofisi Yukos, uye masheya ese uye nhoroondo dzekambani akasungwa nehofisi yemuchuchisi yeRussia Federation.Sekureva kwevanoongorora, vakaziviswa neoiri muna1994 vakagadzira mapoka ematsotsi, avo vaine zviitiko zvavo zvinowana zvisiri pamutemo zvemakambani akasiyana siyana pamutengo wakaderera kuitira kuti vabate mitengo yemusika. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kambani yemafuta yeRussia yukos yakatanga kuparadzaniswa, sezvo kutumirwa kwemutengesi wacho kwakabviswa, uye mari yese kubva pazvinhu zvebhizinesi yakaenda kunodzorera chikwereti kuHurumende.
Maererano nemhedzisiro yekutanga mhosva yemhosva muna Chivabvu 2005, Khodorkovsky akatongerwa makore masere mutorongo nekushanda izwi renzvimbo yerudzi rwese. Uye nyaya yeYukos iri hukama nevamwe mamaneja ekambani yakawedzera kuongororwa.
Muna 2006, maererano neKhodorkovsky uye mubato wake, mukuru webhodhi revatungamiriri veManatep Plato Lebedev yakatanga mhosva yechipiri, iyo yakanangana neiyo ivhu gumi nematanhatu. Khodorkovsky akadaidza mhosva isina kusarudzika yaakamutswa kwaari. The Bestreur akabvunza: Kana akaba mafuta ese eKos Yukos, uye iyi mamirioni mazana matatu emamiriyoni ematani, saka mari yaive yakabhadharwa kune iyo madhora makumi mana emadhora uye anodhira matsime, achigadzira mitsva mitsva.
MunaDecember 2010, Dare racho rakabvuma Khodorkovsky uye Lebedev ane mhosva, akatongerwa makore gumi nematatu mutorongo nekuda kwemitsara yakaunganidzwa, gare gare izwi rekupedzisa rakaderedzwa.
Akabiwa matsotsi aive mune korona yekugadzirisa muKarelian guta reSegezha, uye hurukuro yakanangana nematsotsi akayambuka pamusoro peKhodorkovsky akatendeukira kuRussia. Mhosva iyi yakatongerwa pachena nemukuru webonde, mubatanidzwa wezvematongerwo enyika, mutezo weMoscow Purezil Litture yeRussian Federation Lykseeva uye vamwe avo Tenda kuti mutemo wacho wakatyorwa "nzira yakaipa uye ine hushamwari". Kudzokorora mutsara weKhodorkovsky uye West - United States yakashoropodza mitemo yeRussia, kusununguka kwengarava, mutemo wemutero muRussia uye kuwanda kwepfuma.
Mukuratidzira uye kusaziva kwekuraira, Khodorkovsky panguva yekushandira chirango 4 nguva yakaziviswa kurohwa kwezwenza. Mukuwedzera, kugara kwake mugomo kwakaratidzirwa ne "adventures" akasiyana '. Mushure mekutongwa kwekutanga muChita Colony, sezvo paakafuridzirwa nemirairo yeshumiro yerudzi rweRussia mukodzero dzevasungwa, izvo, zvinoenderana nekutonga, kunorambidzwa nemutemo. Munzvimbo imwe chete iyoyo, muCita, musungwa Kimba, "musungwa Kita" chibayiro "cheAlkamer Alexander Kuchma, akagura kumeso kweOligarch banga reshangu. Maererano naKuchma, vanhu vasingazivikanwe vakasundira kumhosva, iyo mupfungwa chaiyo yeshoko 'yakagogodza "kubva ipapo kubva kuMikhail. Musungwa akataura kuti aifanirwawo kupa chiratidzo pamberi pekamera yaakatemwa nechiso cheKhodorkovsky kurwisa kushungurudzwa kwevasina kuita zvepabonde.
Muna Zvita December 2013, Mutungamiri weRussia Vladimir Putin vakasaina chirevo pane kuregererwa uye kusunungurwa kweKhodorkovsky. Iyo EX-Head yakakurumidza kuburitswa kubva kuColony, kunyange kukanganwa kuburitsa chitupa chekusunungurwa, uye kwakatumirwa mikdersburg.
Pakusvika muguta guru reGerman, Khodorkovsky akataura nemusangano wepamhepo uye akataura kuti mushure mekusunungurwa hakuna kuita kuti vatore chikamu mune zvematongerwo enyika, vanotsigira Russian kupikiswa uye kuita bhizinesi. Chirongwa chakakosha ndechekuti chiitiko chevoruzhinji chakanangana nekusunungurwa kwevasungwa vezvematongerwo enyika muRussia.
Kuvandudzwa kwemabasa ezvematongerwo enyika
Kwemakore, mafungiro eaimbova oiri tycoon achinja zvakanyanya - pamberi pesarudzo dzemutungamiri, akagadzira zviitiko zvake idzo nyanzvi dzinokosheswa sechido chekupwanya pamusoro peimba. Khodorkovsky iye anozivisa kuti yakagadzirira kuve Mutungamiriri weRussia Federation kuitisa Constitutional Shandura muRussia Simba muRushion Simba Mukufarira Societ Stoney, Paramende neDare.
Zvakare muUdan Maidan muna 2014, mushure meiyo Coupur, Mikhail Khodorkovsky akataura kuti aive akagadzirira kuva munhu ano rugare mumamiriro eUkraine. Wobva wataura nechikamu pamberi pevanhu veUkraine, akashora pachena zviremera zveRussia, uye nyika dzeUkraine dzinonzi vanhu vakashinga, vakatendeseka vakadzivirira rusununguko rwavo.
Kudzokera mutirongo, Mikhail Borisovich akatanga kunyora zviitiko. Mabasa ake aive ongororo. Pakati pa2000, mabhuku "dambudziko rekusununguka" akaonekwa, "kuruboshwe", "sumo kune ramangwana. Runyararo muna 2020. "
Gare gare vakabudiswa "zvinyorwa. Dialogues. Kubvunzurudza: Unganidzo yemunyori "uye" jeri uye kuda ". Asi bhuku revaGefu "vanhu veteri", iro rakazvitsaurira munyori kumamodels ake ainyanya kufarirwa. Khodorkovsky anonzi hupenyu hwevanhu iyo chete mari iripo mutorongo. Mumabhokisi, zvinotorwa mumamiriro ese ezvinhu kuti aende kumagumo, kunyangwe paine kutya, kunyangwe kana uchifanira kupatsanura nehupenyu.
Izvo Mikhaachidya iye aive ashaikwa, saka iko kutaurirana neshamwari, hama, vana nemikana yekutarisa kumusoro. Chekutanga pane zvese, mushure mekusunungurwa kusununguka, muzvinabhizinesi akaenda kugungwa, akasvetuka neparachute uye akapfugama padombo. Sekureva kwaMikhail Borisovich, kunzwa kwaAdrenaline muropa kwakamugadzirira kuupenyu.
Dzokorora mukubvunzurudzwa kwake naKhodorkovsky vane hanya nenyaya yehukama kumutungamiri weRussia. Mukutaura nevatori venhau, akataura nezve vladimir putin sepfungwa yakanga isina zano rekubva kubva pakatangira musoro wenyika. Maererano nemabhizinesi, nguva refu yekutonga kwemutungamiri wenyika inotaura kuti kune stereotype yehukama kune vanhu veRussia vasingakwanise kurarama vasina ruoko rune simba munharaunda. Maitiro akadaro ehukama kuvanhu veKhodorkovsky anonzi "fomu yerusaruro".
Muna 2018, one yakavhurika Rusangano Rusidziro yakatangwa iyo United States Petersburg, chinangwa chacho ndechekupa rubatsiro rwepamutemo uye nekubatsira kwekuzvisimudzira kune vasarudzo kune zviremera kune zviremera zvematare, zvakarongwa muna 2019. Sezvaunoziva, ikozvino mari inoitwa mari inoitwa zvakananga naMikhaiil khodorkovsky.
Mugore rimwe chetero, dentrepreneur yakagadzwa sangano rekuongorora huori hwekubiridzira "dossier". MunaNovember, nzvimbo yepakati yakatangwa, uko zvinhu zvevatapi venhau vakaoneka munguva pfupi, vachifumura zviitiko zvevakuru. Sekureva kwaMikhail Borisovich, humbowo hwese hwakawanikwa huchaendeswa kumutemo wemhosva.
Hupenyu Hwako
Hupenyu hwomunhu oga hwaMikhail khodorkovsky harisi rakaoma kunzwisisa sebasa rake nemhedzisiro yayo. Mafuta tycoon akaroora kaviri. Nemukadzi wekutanga, Khodorkovsky akasangana pavanenge vachidzidzira kuyunivhesiti, aive waanodzidza naye. Mukadzi wekutanga weKhodorkovsky Elena Dobrovolskaya muna 1985 akabereka Magnate yeMwanakomana paMwanakomana, anogara kuUS uye atove kuburitsa muzukuru waBaba vake Diana.Sekureva kwaMikhail Borisovich, kuroora kwake kwaive kusuwa, semhedzisiro, vakasarudza kuramba mukadzi wake, asi kusvika nhasi vanochengeta hukama hushamwari.
Kechipiri Khodorkovsky akaroora muna 1991. Mukadzi wake wechipiri akava mushandi webhangi "menatep" Inna, uyo waakawana rudo, kunzwisisa uye kugara zvakanaka. Mushure memuchato, The Mikhail aive akaberekerwa mwanasikana Anastasia, uye muna 1999 musoro waKukos akabereka mapatya - Akazvarwa vanakomana Ilya naGarefu. Vana vanogara uye vadzidze muSwitzerland.
Mushure mekusunungurwa kubva kujeri, Mikhail Khodorkovsky akatamira kune iyo Swiss nharaunda muCanton yeSt. Kwemazana 11.5 zviuru zvemwedzi pamwedzi, anopa misoro inotonhorera yakatarisana neZurich Gungwa uye yatogamuchira mvumo yekugara muSwitzerland. Asi nekuda kwekugamuchira kwaSwiss vagari, iye anofanira kugara munyika yeanenge makore gumi nemaviri.
Iyo entrepreneur yakabva yangoerekana yasvika pakurema mushure mekupinda musununguko, iyo inoonekwa zvichienderana nemufananidzo wake mune midhiya, asi neavhareji yekukura (177 cm) inochengeta nhamba yakasimbiswa.
Mikhail khodorkovsky izvozvi
Zvino mikhaiil khodorkovsky ndeyekune mari kodzero dzinoverengeka dzevanhu uye midhiya midhiya muRussia. Pakati pavo, "Mbh Media" uye "Vhura Media". Akaverengerwawo kune rondedzero yemumvuri yeratidziro yerwendo "Apa", iyo inotungamira Yuri Doyry. Nekudaro, muzvinabhizimusi akarambidzwa idzi runyerekupe. Iyewo mukuru wedare reboka reSinara.
MunaFebruary 2020, Bhizinesi rakapa basa idzva rekunyora - Manifesto inonzi "New Russia, kana Gardarbi". Mubhuku, munyori akamutsa mibvunzo mizhinji inoenderana nenyika yake: Nei zvisingaite kuti urege kure nezvematongerwo enyika; Nei Russia, ine hupfumi hwepeturu, achiri mumatongo, pamwe nevamwe.
MuSwitzerland, Khodorkovsky akaita mharidzo pane nyaya "inoita Russia ine ramangwana." Chiitiko ichi chakaitwa kuInstitute of Europe yeZurich University. Semuenzaniso vanhu mazana masere vakasvika kuzoteerera kune iyo entpreneur.
MunaApril, iyo nhamba yeruzhinji yakapa kubvunzurudza kuRadio Station "echo moscow" mumhando yehurongwa "kwete manheru." Misoro mizhinji yakakurukurwa pamhepo, kusanganisira dambudziko reCoronavirus, mitengo yakaderera yemafuta, mauto epashure peRussia zvematongerwo enyika.
MunaDecember, Mikhail Khodorkovsky akapa hurukuro yakakura ine mutori venhau Dmitry Gordon Gordon, iyo yakabuda munzira "kushanyira Gordon" paYouTube. Munguva yekukurukurirana, muzvinabhizimusi akajekesa zviitiko zvakawanda zvematongerwo enyika, uye akataura zvakare nezve zviitiko zvake uye basa rake.
Munguva yekubvunzurudzwa, Mikhail Borisovich akataura nezve maitirwo aakaitwa KGB, sezvaaive mutirongo uye hukama hupi hwaifanira kuve nevasungwa.
Khodorkovsky akataura maitiro ake kumutungamiri weRussia Federation. Mukuwedzera, Khodorkovsky akataura kuti kutonga kwemusoro weUkraine Vladimir Zelensky kwaimuodza moyo.
Akabata muzvinabhizimusi nemamiriro ayo emari. Akagovana chokwadi chekuti mushure mekuparadzwa kwake aive aine mari, saka ikozvino iye ari munhu anochengetedzwa. Khodorkovsky haana kutaura kuti bhirioni riripi. Asi zvakadaro, anowana kakapetwa kagumi kupfuura zvaaida.
Kumubvunzo weGordon nezve izvo izvo izvo zvinorehwa nemabhizimusi zvinoshandisa mari, Mikhail Borisovich akapindura kuti aisada kutenga uye anofarira online kutenga online. Anoshandisa mari pamidziyo yemazuva ano:
"Ndiri mudiwa wemusango." Zvese zvitsva gadget uye malaptop zvinobuda, ini ndinotenga uye bvunzo. Ndobva ndapa kune vakomana. Ini handidi kudemba mari yacho. "Pane yega yeYutiub-chiteshi, pamwe neyemagariro network "Twitter", "" uye "Facebook", muzvinabhizinesi anogara achikurukura nezve hukama pakati penharaunda yeRusika nezviremera. Kusanganisira muBlog Hake paYouTube, anodzokorora kunetseka nenyaya yacho ine chekuita nehupfu hweAlexei naveny, kuratidzira kwakawanda muBerlus.
BHAIBHERI
- 2004 - "Dambudziko reResimba"
- 2005 - "kuruboshwe kuruboshwe"
- 2006 - "Nhanganyaya kune ramangwana. Nyika muna 2020 "
- 2007 - "Mharidzo"
- 2010 - "Zvinyorwa. Dialogues. Kutaurirana: Unganidzo yemunyori "
- 2012 - "Jeri uye Molia"
- 2014 - "Vanhu Ver."