Biography
Sigmund Freud - Austrian Psychoanalyst, Psychiatist uye neurologist. Muvambi wePsychoanalysis. Pfungwa dzakaratidza dzisimudziro dzinokonzeresa resonance mumunzizi esainzi denderedzwa kunyangwe nhasi.
Sigmund Freud akaberekerwa muguta re freiberg (iye zvino - prseibor, Czech Republic) muna Chivabvu 6, 1856, achiva mwana wechitatu mumhuri. Amai vaSigmund - mukadzi wechipiri waJakobho Freud, uyo anga atove nevanakomana vaviri kubva kumuchato wekutanga. Kutengeserana kwemidziyo yakaunza purofiti nemhuri, yaive yakwana hupenyu. Asi shanduko yakakwiridzirwa yakanga ichitsakatika kunyange zvidiki diki zvinopesana nemamiriro akati, Mhuri yaifanira kusiya imba yekuzvarwa. Pakutanga, mhuri yaFreud yakatamira kuLeipzig, uye gore gare gare muVienna.
Nzvimbo isina urombo, tsvina, ruzha nevavakidzani uye zvisingafadzi ndizvo zvikonzero izvo zvisina kuumba mamiriro ezvinhu akanaka mumba mevashandisi vechienzi. Sigmund iye aisada kuyeuka kutanga achiri mudiki, achiverenga makore iwayo asina kukodzera kutarisisa kwavo.
Vabereki vaida mwanakomana wavo zvakanyanya, vachiisa tariro huru. Kuda kwebhuku mabhuku uye mabasa ehunyanzvi aingokurudzirwa. Uye verenga Sigmund Freud haasi mabhuku akakomba evana. Mubai raibhurari yemukomana, nzvimbo inokudzwa yakanga yakagarwa naShakespeare, Kant, Nietzsche uye Hegel. Mukuwedzera, Psychoanalyst aifarira kudzidza mitauro yekune dzimwe nyika, uye kunyange chiLatin chakaomarara chakapihwa mutongo wechidiki.
Kudzidza munharaunda yemusha kwakabvumira mukomana kuti apinde mumitambo yekurovedza muviri pakutanga kupfuura yawaifungidzirwa. Mumakore apfuura, sigmund yakagadzira mamiriro ekuzadzika kusingaverengeke kwemabasa mune akasiyana zvidzidzo. Kuda kwakadaro kwevabereki kwakaruramiswa zvakakwana, uye Freud Gymnasium yakapedza kubudirira.
Apedza chikoro, Sigmund akapedza mazuva mazhinji ega, achifunga nezveramangwana rake. Mitemo yakaoma uye isina kurongeka haina kupihwa kusarudzwa kukuru kwemukomana wechiJudha: mushonga, kutevedzera, kutengeserana uye indasitiri. Zvese zvingasarudzwa, kunze kwekutanga, sigmund yakadonhedzwa pakarepo, ichifunga isina kukodzera kune munhu akadzidza akadaro. Asi Freud haana kuwana kufarira kwakawanda mumushonga. Mukupedzisira, iyo nguva yemberi ye psychoanalysis yakamisa sarudzo pane iyi sainzi, uye psychology ichave iyo yekudzidza mukudzidza kwakasiyana siyana.
Iyo hurukuro yaive kukurudzira kwechisarudzo chekupedzisira, apo iro basa rakaverengerwa neye goethe rinonzi zvisikwa. Mushonga muzivi wenguva yemberi akadzidza pasina kujairana uye kufarira. Kugara mumakore emudzidzi mumarabhoritari wehunyanzvi, Freud akaburitsa zvinyorwa zvinonakidza uye zvinodzidzisa nezve system yemamwe yemamwe mhuka.
Apedza kudzidza kudzidza, Sigmund akarongwa kuti aenderere mberi nebasa rekudzidzira, asi mamiriro ezvinhu akatenderedza aida kugona kuita kurarama. Naizvozvo, ashanda kwemakore akati wandei pasi pekutanga kwevamwe vanyori vanonyatsozvizivikanwa kwenguva, muna 1885 Sigmund freud yakaisa chikumbiro chekuvhurwa kwekamuri yake yekabati. Nekuda kwekurudziro, musayendisiti akawana mvumo.
Zvinozivikanwa kuti Sigmund zvakare akaedza cocaine. Kuita kwemushonga kwakarova muzivi, uye akanyora nhamba huru yemabasa, mune iyo yakazivisa zvinhu zvepfuti inoparadza. Imwe yeshamwari dzepedyo dzeFreud nekuda kwekurwiswa kwemari, asi muongorori wekushingairira kwezvakavanzika zvekuziva kwevanhu haana kubhadhara nekuda kwechokwadi ichi. Mukupedzisira, Sigmund Freud uye iye pachake akatambura nekupindwa muropa cocaine. Mushure memakore mazhinji uye huwandu hwechiedza, purofesa zvakadaro hwakacheze kubva kune zvakaipa zvakaipa. Nguva yese iyi, Freud haina kusiya makirasi muhunyanzvi, kushanyira hurukuro dzakasiyana siyana uye kutungamira kwavo.
Psychotherapy uye psychoanalysis
Muna 1885, nekuda kwekutsigirwa kweshamwari, musimboti wakareruka mishonga, Sigmund Freud yakauya kuzosangana neFrench Psychiatrist Jean Charco. Danho rakazarura maziso ake kune ramangwana psychoanalyst pamutsauko pakati pezvirwere. Sharcot Freud akadzidza kushandisa hypnosis pakurapa, iyo yakakwanisa kurapa varwere kana kuderedza kutambudzika.
Sigmund Freud akatanga kunyorera mukurapwa kwekutaura nevarwere, achibvumira vanhu kuti vataure, kuchinja kuziva. Iyi nzira yakawana zita rekuti "nzira yesangano remahara". Uku kukurukurirana kubva pane zvisina mwero pfungwa nemitsara kwakabatsira psychiatrist kunonzwisisika kuti unzwisise matambudziko evarwere uye kuwana mhinduro. Nzira yacho yakabatsira kusiya kushandiswa kweiyo hypnosis uye yakasundidzirwa kuti utaure nevarwere vari kuzere nekuziva.
Freud akapa nyika iyo chero psychosis yemhedzisiro yemariro emunhu, ayo akaoma kubvisa. Panguva imwecheteyo, musayendisiti akaunza dzidziso yekuti zvakanyanya psychosis zvakavakirwa pane yekukurumidzira yakaoma uye vana vechecheche. Kuita zvepabonde, seFreud akatenda, ichi ndicho chinhu chinosarudza huwandu hukuru hwezvinetso zvehurumende zvevanhu. "Nyaya nhatu pane dzidziso yebonde" yakanganisa pfungwa yeyesairesi. Chirevo chakadaro pane hwaro hwebasa rakarongeka rakakonzera kuti vashatire uye kusawirirana pakati pevashandi vepfungwa dzeFreud Freud vaitaura kupokana nepfungwa. Vamiriri venharaunda yesainzi vakataura kuti Sigmund ndeyekusagadzikana, uye iye amene, senyanzvi ingatarisirwa, akave munhu akabatwa nepfungwa.
Kupinda muchiedza chebhuku "Dudziro yezviroto" pakutanga haina kuunza kuzivikanwa kune Munyori, asi PsychoanalyStss uye PsychoAttrists vakaziva kukosha kwezviroto mukurapwa kwevarwere. Sezvo musayendisiti akatenda, kurota chinhu chakakosha chekumanikidza mamiriro emuviri wemuviri wemunhu. Mushure mekuburitswa kweBhuku raProfesa Freud vakakumbirwa kutaurirana kumununuro kuGermany neUnited States, izvo mumiriri wemushonga akazvitarisisa.
"PsychOpathology yehupenyu hwezuva nezuva" ndeimwe basa reFreud. Iri bhuku rinoonekwa sebasa repiri mushure mekuti "dudziro yezviroto", izvo zvakakurudzira kusikwa kweiyo rondedzero yemhando yepfungwa yakagadziriswa neyesairesi.
Bhuku rinonzi "Sumo kuPsychoanalysis" yakatora nzvimbo inokosha pakati pemabasa esainzi. Iri pepa rine musimboti wePfungwa, nzira dzekududzira zvirevo uye nzira dze psychoanalysis, pamwe neuzivi hwekufunga kwemunyori. Mune ramangwana, zvekutanga zveuzivi zvichave hwaro hwekugadzira seti yemaitiro epfungwa uye zviitiko zvakagamuchira tsananguro itsva - "isingazivi."
Kwayedza Freud kutsanangura uye zviitiko zvemagariro. Mubhuku rinoti "psychology yehuwandu uye ongororo yemunhu, ini", psychoanalyst yakafunga zvinhu zvinokanganisa boka, maitiro emutungamiriri, "mukurumbira" anokonzerwa nekugara musimba. Mabhuku ese aya emunyori achiri - Bestyellers.
Muna 1910, pakanga paine kupatsanurana mumapoka evadzidzi nevateveri veFreud. Kusawirirana kwevadzidzi vane chokwadi chekuti psychosis uye hystostia inosanganiswa nekudzvinyirirwa kwesimba rebonde remunhu (freud rakaomerera kune dzidziso yezvinhu) - iyo yekupokana yakakonzera kupatsanurana. Kusawirirana uye reset yakaneta iyo Great Psychiatrist. Psychoanalyst akafunga kuunganidza opengekomberedza chete avo vainamatira zviga zvefungidziro. Saka, muna 1913, munharaunda wakavanzika uye unenge wakavanzika "wakataurwa".
Hupenyu Hwako
Makumi emakore eSigmund Freud haana kuteerera kune iyo floor. Kutaura chokwadi, musayendisiti anotya vakadzi. Ichi chokwadi chakakonzera majee akawanda uye anokurira, ayo akavhiringidza chiremba wepfungwa. Freud yakaita kuti apike kuti hupenyu hwake hwese hwaigona kuita pasina kupindira kwevakadzi munzvimbo yemunhu. Asi mamiriro ezvinhu akagadzira zvekuti musayendisiti mukuru anogoneka pesimba renyama yakanaka.
Pane imwe nzira iri munzira yekudhinda imba, Freud akapotsa awira pasi pemavhiri engoro. Iye anofamba-famba, achidemba chiitiko ichi, sechiratidzo chekuyananisa akatumira kukokwa kwesainzi kune bhora. Wakatoita pachiitiko, Sigmund Freud akasangana nemukadzi wake wechikurumidza Marita Byrneis, pamwe nehanzvadzi yangu. Mushure menguva yakati, kubatana kwehombodo kwakaitika, uye shure nemuchato. Hupenyu hwevakaroora hwaive hwakaomeswa kazhinji, godo raMabhuku akasimbirira kuti murume achivhiringidza kutaurirana neangu. Kwete kuda kupika nemukadzi wake, Freud akazviita.
Kwemakore masere ehupenyu hwemhuri, Marta akapa murume wake vana vatanhatu. Mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwanasikana womwanasikana wechidiki, Anna Sigmund Freud akafunga kusiya zvachose hupenyu hwepabonde. Kutonga nenyaya yekuti Ana ndiye akave mwana wekupedzisira, iyo huru yepfungwa yakachengeta izwi. Ndiye mwanasikana mudiki aitarisira Freud pakuvira kwezuva rehupenyu hwesayenzi. Mukuwedzera, Ana ndiye ega wevana vakaenderera mberi nebasa rababa vanozivikanwa. Mazita aAnna Freud anonzi Vana PsychothEpeicape Center muLondon.
Chokwadi chinonakidza
Iyo Biography yeFreud's Sigund izere nenyaya dzinonakidza.
- Zvinozivikanwa kuti Psychoanalyst aitya Numeri 6 uye 2. Sayenzi haina kuzombosimbiswa mumahotera umo makamuri anopfuura makumi matanhatu nemashanu akanyorwa. Saka, Freud akadzivirira kurova "gehena mukamuri" pasi pehuwandu "62". Uye zvakare, pasi pe chero chambiro panaFebruary 6, Austria haana kuenda kunze, achitya zviitiko zvisina kunaka, izvo, seizvo sainzi fungidziro, yaitarisirwa pazuva iri.
- Freud akateerera chete kwaari, achifunga nezvezvaanofunga nezvechokwadi uye echokwadi. Vesayenzi vakadaidzira kuti avo vakateerera kune zvinotariswa zvakanyanya. Zvirokwazvo, hapana kana dzidziso yechiyedzo chakabatana nenyama idzi, uye zvinodiwa zvakadaro kune vamwe psychoanalyst vakaedza zvakakwirira, kugutsa kudada kwake.
- Ndangariro dzisiri dzepfungwa dzepfungwa pane imwe nguva isinganzwisisike mune biography yeirango reAustria. Mugove kubva paudiki airangarira zviri mumabhuku, zvinyorwa uye mifananidzo yaAifarira. Kugona kwakadaro kwakabatsira Freud mumitauro yekudzidza. Austria anozivikanwa kunze kweGerman aiziva nhamba huru yemimwe mitauro.
- Sigmund Freud haana kumbobvira akatarisa vanhu mumaziso. Ichi chimiro cherechedza zvakajeka vanhu vakatenderedza vakasangana nachiremba panguva yehupenyu. Masayendisiti akadzivisa maonero, saka vamiririri venharaunda yesainzi vanofunga kuti mubhedha wakakurumbira wakaonekwa mumuchato wepfungwa wakabatanidzwa nenguva ino.
Rufu
Kusimbiswa kwekudzidza zvekurapa uye nehunyanzvi mabasa, maitiro akanyanya ezuva uye basa revafundisi akasiya kuiswa rinorema pahutano hweSigmund Freud. Austrian Psychoanalyst akarwara nekenza.
Nhamba huru yekuvhiya uye isina kugashira mhedzisiro yaunoda, Freud akabvunza chiremba achipinda kuti ape sevhisi uye kubatsira kufa, kubvisa Muk. MunaSeptember 1939, dhizaini morphia yakakanganisa hupenyu hwesainzi, kutengesa muviri webhuruu.
Mukukudza Freud, nhamba huru yemumuseums yakagadzirwa. Chinhu chikuru ndicho chinhu chakarongeka muLondon, muchivako icho musayendisiti akararama mushure mekumanikidzwa kusimuka kubva kuVienna. Zvakare, iyo Museum uye memory Hall yeZigmund Freud iri muguta rePrtedip (Czech Republic), kumusha kwesimba resainzi. Mufananidzo wemuvambi we psychoanalysis zvinowanzowanikwa pane zviitiko zvepasi rese mwero wakazvitsaurira kune psychology.
Quotes
- "Rudo nebasa ndiro dombo revanhu vedu."
- "Basa rekuita kuti munhu afare muchirongwa chekusikwa kwenyika."
- "Inzwi rehungwaru rakanyarara, asi harina kuneta kudzokorora - uye vateereri vanowanikwa."
- "Iwe hausi kurega kutsvaga simba uye kuvimba mukati, asi kutarira mukati mako. Vaigara varipo. "
- "Kazhinji, zviitiko zvinoverengeka, rudo hachisi chinhu asi kubatwa kwepfungwa kwechinhu chakadzivirirwa nekuzvishingisa kwepabonde kuitira kuti usagutsa hwepabonde uye kuzadzisa chinangwa ichi nekuita. Izvi ndizvo zvinonzi zvakaderera, rudo rwepfungwa. Asi, sezvaunoziva, mamiriro eRemidinal haawanzo kugara asina nyore. Chivimbo chekusamuka chitsva chingangoita kuti ndingangoita kuti ndingangove vavariro yepedyo, nei kubatwa kwechinhu chebonde kwakazoitika kwenguva yakareba uye "kudiwa" uye mune izvo zvinokwezva zvacho zvacho zvacho zvaisipo. "
- "Nhasi mwanasikana wangu akafa akadaro angadai akatangisa makore makumi matatu nematanhatu ... tinowana nzvimbo yeiyo yakarasika. Kunyangwe tichiziva kuti kusuwa kukuru mushure mekurasikirwa kwakadaro kuchadzima, zvisinei, isu tinoramba tisina kugadzikana uye hatimbofi takakwanisa kutsiva. Zvese zvinova nzvimbo isina chinhu, kunyangwe ikakwanisa kuizadza kunze, inosara chimwe chinhu. Saka zvinofanirwa kuve. Iyi ndiyo nzira chete yekuwedzera rudo rwatisingade kusiya. " - Kubva mutsamba Ludwig Binwig, Kubvumbi 12, 1929.
BHAIBHERI
- Kududzira kwezviroto
- Nhatu zvirevo pane dzidziso yebonde
- Totem uye totem
- Psychology yeVanhu uye kuongororwa kwemunhu "i"
- Ramangwana rekunyepedzera kumwe
- Kune rumwe rutivi rwehunhu hwemafaro
- Ini nawo
- Nhanganyaya kune Psychoanalysis