Biography
Izita raAndrei Tarkovsky goridhe mavara akanyorwa munhoroondo yeSoviet Cinema, iye nenzira yakakodzera akazova mumwe wehuwandu hukuru hwekusununguka. Iyo culting pendi "Solaris" uye "girazi" vari kuedza kusanganisa kutevedzera pamapfupa, kunyangwe kunzwisisa zvakajeka kuti hazvigoneke kubvisa chimwe chinhu chesimba remutariri wemuongorori.
Munguva yehupenyu hwake, director vakagamuchira kuti havangori munzvimbo yokumusha kwake chete, asiwo pasi rese, izvo zvaive zvisingaite zvachose kune wakakiyiwa mumhando yeimwe nyika. Makore ekupedzisira, Tarkovsky akapedzerwa kupfuura miganhu yeSoviet Union uye, kusiyana nevamwe vazhinji, vakagadziriswa padanho rakafanana, rakaramba tichifarirwa nezviremera.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Andrei Tarkovsky akaberekerwa muhondo yechidiki yemusha weKostroma Dunhu, makanga mune mhuri yaive mu hama dzaMariya Maranovna. Baba vaDrei vaiva mudetembi, munyori uye mushanduri weArseny aleksandrovich tarkovsky, nekutanga kweiyo 30s atova muimbi anozivikanwa ehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi. Mwedzi mishoma mushure mekuzvarwa kweMwanakomana, Tarkov akadzokera kuMoscow. Muna 1934, Andrei aive nehanzvadzi, iyo yakanzi Marina.
UCHINYENGA CHEMAIKAMU. Mwana paakatendeuka aine makore, baba vake vakasiya mhuri kune mumwe mukadzi. Amai Maria Ivanovna chete vakadhonzera vana vaviri. Hanzvadzi yemutungamiriri mubvunzurudzo yakayeuka kuti yakarongedzwa kuti urarame. Andrei pachake akataura kuti akanyatsobata baba vake, kunyangwe mudetet akaedza kusakanganwa nezvemhuri yekutanga.
Munguva yehondo huru yemunyika, Maria Ivanovna nevana vakatorerwa hama muJyerevts, asi musasa nekukurumidza akadzoka kuMoscow. Andrei akapiwa chikoro chemimhanzi pakanga paine mukomana akadzidza kutamba piyano.
Mujaya hwake, aipindawo makosi emhizha pane izvo zvaakadzidza neodzidzo yekudhirowa. Mushure mekusunungurwa kubva kuGeneral Institution Institution, murume wechidiki akapinda muchirevo chezvidzidzo zveMabvazuva, kwaakadzidza tsika yechiArab.
Akabvisa gore risati rasvika gore ra2, Andrei akatora magwaro kubva kuyunivhesiti, achipokana nesarudzo iyi nezvakakurumidza nesarudzo yebasa. Kusagadzikana pakusarudza yako nzira, mudiki Tarkovsky akasangana neunhu hunhu. Hupenyu hweramangwana rechikadzi hwakakwira pasi. Kubva pane izvi, murume uyu akaponesa amai vake, muna 1953, aikadzika mwanakomana wake aine muteresi ari muVnia asingamiriri nesimbi uye goridhe.
Sechikamu cheiyo magazini egariro, Tarkovsky akaenda pakadzika yeTaiga, kwaakapedza gore racho kuchazviparadzanisa nevamwe kwenyika, kushanda uye kugadzira matikisi kubva kune zvakasikwa.
Mafirimu
Kudzoka kubva pakubuda, Andrei pasina oscillation yakauya kuVGik panguva yevairatidziro. Curator yeTarruvsky akazozivikanwa master of cinema, muridzi wehuwandu hwemagetsi hweStalinist Mikhail Ilyich Romm. Aibata vadzidzi vese nerudo rwaBaba vake uye kutariswa, anogara achigona kuziva nyanzvi dzemberi mubiriro yechizvarwa chechidiki, kunyangwe kana maonero avo akapokana zvake. Saka yaive neTarkovsky.
Jaya racho raive rombo rakanaka kaviri: Kekutanga, muchokwadi kuti akaenda kuRomm, uye mune yechipiri - mune yezvematongerwo enyika neyemunharaunda inoyerera kwenguva iyoyo. Panguva iyoyo, gore mushure mekufa kwaStalin. Iyo simbi inobata hurumende yakazorora zvimwe zvacho zvimwe, zvakave zvinokwanisika kuchinjana ruzivo nevanoshanda navo uye kubata vekumadokero kweWestern.
Izvo zvakasarudzwa kuti uwedzere huwandu hwemafirimu akatorwa. Kugadzirwa kwefirimu kweUSSR kwakabata maitiro matsva ayo Andrei Tarkovsky akakwanisa kufungidzira uye emumwe muzvisikwa zvake. Asi zvakange zvasvika.
Iyo yekugadzira biography yeTarkovsky yakatanga muna 1956. Iyo debut purojekiti yemutungamiriri wefirimu ipfupi firimu pane iyo nyaya yaErnest Hemingway. Ipapo kwaive kwakadaro pendi dzinoverengeka dzeichi chimiro.
Watova ipapo mudzidzi wacho akaziviswa seyakagadziriswa isina kujairika uye akafanotaura ramangwana rakakura. Uye munhu waunoziva naAndrei Konchalosky, uyo akapinda VGik muna 1956, akashanduka kuve anobereka zvakanaka uye anobatsira kune vese vadzidzi. Pamwe chete ivo vakasika nhamba yakati wandei uye mune ramangwana yaigara ichichinjana ruzivo.
Iyo Institute yakazomugadzira mainini eTarkovsky-Director: Allgoric, chishuwo chekusimudza uye zvine hungwaru, zvine hungwaru, basa raani, raive nebasa raani rekunyudza muyedzo weiyo chokwadi chekupenda .
Muna 1960, Tarkovsky akapedza zvidzidzo zvake kuyunivhesiti, akagamuchira diploma ane kukudzwa uye akabva atanga kushanda. Director uyu aifunga nezve kuumbwa kwefirimu "Andrei rubalv" uye akaendesa chikumbiro mvumo yekukanzvana kweUSSR, asi ipapo nyanzvi yemweya yakakomberedzwa uye yakapihwa kusvika panguva yekuwana, uyezve ine misoro yakaoma.
Script of the picture yakamiswa mubhokisi, uye Tarkovsky pachezvake akatora imwe projekti - "IVANOOVHABHUKU BHAIBHERI", iro rakagadzirirwa kuita kuti director. Iyo director yaifanira kugadzira firimu mukushayikwa kwemari nenguva.
Kune gore risingaperi, uye wezuro wezuro akatora mufananidzo unoshamisa uyo akahwina mubairo wezvevaviri vegumi nemaviri, kusanganisira "shumba yegoridhe" paMutambo weVenetian anozivikanwa.
Mushure mekubudirira kukuru kweIvanov mwana, Andrei Tarkovsky akatanga basa pafirimu "Andrei rubalv". Ino nguva, iyo artistic Council yakataura chikumbiro chakashinga chemufambiro mudiki. Tarkovsky inobatana neyeye inoshanda Vadim Yusiv uye composer Vychlachsv Ovchinnikov. Iyi trio yekusika yakachengetedzwa kunge kusvika parufu rwemutungamiriri.
Andrei Konchalovsky akatora chikamu mubasa pane script. Iyi firimu inotaura nezveMonk-icon pendi yave basa rekunamatira reSoviet Union. Uye zvakare pikicha yemutungamiriri wechidiki akaunganidza mibairo yakawanda iri kumba uye kupfuura.
Muna 1979, Andrei akatambura neArmady yeRoma neBoris strugatsky "pikicha padivi pemugwagwa. Iyo nzira yekuona inoenda kune yakareba kuti ive yakareba: Iyo yekutanga vhezheni yefirimu "Stalker" yakafa nekuda kwehunyanzvi hwekukanganisa, uye nevashandi vakasiyana uye vatambi. Clearovet Gorkino akagadza iwo mufananidzo chete chikamu chechitatu chekudzinga uye chinotenderwa chete makopi 196. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kufukidzwa kwevateereri kwaive kushoma.
Zvakangodaro, mugore rekuburitswa kweAndrei, vanhu mamirioni mana vakaona, pamitambo yemutambo, tepi yakagamuchira mubairo wejira renyika. PaInternet achiri kunyora ongororo yemudiki ekugadzira, uyo akatarisa firimu zana uye aisanzwisisa kuti anofarira.
Danish Director Lars Von Trier akabvuma kuti aisungirwa kuHurumende yeRussia, akatarisa mazano ake, uye "girazi" naMargarhova - kazhinji firimu raifarirwa.
Nenzira, Andrei akakwanisa kuzvijaira neyekunetsekana "chinhu chemhosva" uye, sevanyori venhau, vakapindura nezvepurogiramu zvakanyanya.
Vadim Yushov akaramba kupfura "girazi" - mukati haana kugamuchira mufananidzo. Script of the firimu yakavakwa pane memoirs yeTarkovsky, uye Anoshanda aiziva mhuri yaTreator, vaitenda kuti dzimwe pfungwa dzaisave dzichienderana nezvazviri, asi usaruramisa neAndrei.
Mamiriro ezvinhu akati "nostalgia" Tarkovsky akanyora naTonino Guerra, vavengi vakagadzirwa kunyange panguva yekufema. Pamakona emutambo muna 1983, iyo firimu yakagamuchira 3 mubairo - mubairo weFirnti, kune director uye kubva kuEcumenical Jury. Uye panguva imwe chete, dambudziko rakatanga. Sekureva kwenyaya dzemwanakomana womwanakomana waAndrei, chirwere cheSergearrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarrarding baba. Uye Tarkovsky, aive nemamwe mapurojekiti matsva gumi nemana, akaziva kuti mune yeUSR ivo havana kuitwa mune yakazara-yakazadzwa zvinhu zveFilmography, uye kuramba muItari.
Hupenyu Hwako
Nemukadzi wekutanga, actress Irma Rucha, mukuru wedare remangwana akasangana mugore rekutanga reVGika. Roman yakatsiga kukurumidza, mushure memavhiki mashoma mushure mekufambidzana Andreei akatanga kuchengeta musikana, uye aireva nekudzoreredzwa. Pakupera kwegore rechitatu, vaviri vacho vakatamba muchato, mwanakomana waArseny akaberekerwa mumhuri.
Varoorani vakadzora zvisingasviki makore gumi. Senior pakurara kwejensio cinema anogara muVenice, akava chiremba anovhiya, mwanakomana wake anonzi Andrey. Nehurombo, iyo mufananidzo weye venhaka pamutsetse uyu haina kuburitswa.
Mukadzi wechipiri wemudirikari akazova Lora Kizalova, anoshanda naTarkovsky. Nyaya yaigara naye kusvika kurufu, kunakidzwa nemukunda waOlga. Muwanano, vaive nemwanakomana chaiwo Andrei. Mwana haana kumupa kubva kumhuri kuna Nataa Barcharcharch, muurayi wechiitiko chisingafiri chisikwa Hari muLyaris.
Maererano nerunyerekupe, Larisa, aiziva kuwa kwemurume wake, akatyisidzira kuti Tarkovsky aisazoona mukomana. Iye zvino Andrei anogara muFlorence, akabata post of President of the International Intitute of Art, inova zita raBaba. Olga akaroora iye weItari, asi Paris akasarudza nzvimbo yekugara.
Peji imwe kubva muhupenyu hwega yeiyo firimu director ndeye AFFAIR NaValentina Mallavina. Mafungiro ane mutambi akatanga mushure mekunge awana basa rakakura muhuduku hwaIvanov, uye obva asingaendi.
Valya akaroora Alexander Zbryuv, Tarkovsky akaroora. Iye murume murudo akaita zano, asi maryavina akapindura naEkuramba:
"Ini ndaida manyaniso, kwete murume."Andrei magnetisissif akanzwa muimbi mumipfeko evanhu anobva kuNorway, achishanda nefirimu crew "chibayiro". Mwanakomana waAlexander, akazvarwa kubva kuiyi bhuku, haana kuona baba vakakurumbira.
Rufu
Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu, director akapedzerwa kuMilan, kwaakabvisa "chibayiro". Zvekusarudza kuramba uri kumavirazuva kweUSSR, iyo USSR yakakurumidza kuuraya Andrei Arsenyevich kubva kunhoroondo yeSoviet cinema, asi yakachinja sarudzo yekudzidza nezvechirwere chematra.
Tarkovsky akapfuura muna Zvita 1986, chikonzero cherufu chakararama kenza. Kuongororwa kunouraya kwakaiswa, mimbi, panguva yekupedzisira nhanho. Batsirai mukurapa kwakapihwa naMarina Vlad, mutambi akatora director paakauya kukiriniki yepari. Asi kuedza kwakange kuri pasina.
Tarkovsky guva iri pamakuva eSt. Geneviev de Boua, uko vanhu vanozivikanwa vanobva kuRussia vari kuzorora.
Iro zita raAndrei Arsenyevich rakapihwa kune boulevard muNew Moscow uye iyo diki. Munzvimbo dzaakararama, mamuseum, matawa eChirangaridzo akavhurika, zvivakwa zvakaiswa. MuIvanovo, Mutambo "Girazi" rakatumidzwa Tarkovsky rinoitwa gore rimwe nerimwe, paMoscow International Firimu firimu, iyo firimu rakanakisa rakapihwa neAndrei Tarkovatsky mubairo.
Filmography
- 1960 - "Skating uye Violin"
- 1962 - "IVANOOVHABHUKU"
- 1966 - "Andrei Rubumb"
- 1968 - "Mumwe Munhu wezviuru"
- 1972 - "Solaris"
- 1974 - "Mirror"
- 1979 - "Stalker"
- 1983 - "Nostalgia"
- 1986 - "Chibayiro"