Biography
Osip EMILEVIC MANILELTM - Russian enet yezana ramakumi maviri, Essayist, mushanduri uye zvekutsoropodza uye kuverenga. Simba redetembi pane nhetembo dzemazuva ano uye kugona kwezvizvarwa zvakazotevera zvevakazotevera, vanyori vekunyora vanowanzo kuronga matafura epakati pane izvi. Osip hilipvich pachake akataura nezvehukama hwake nemabhuku ake akamukomberedza, achireurura kuti aive "akafamba nechikepe muhutsetse hwazvino yeRussia."
Kusika uye biography yeMandelstam semumiriri wechizvarwa sirivheri kuri kudzidza muzvikoro nemayunivhesiti. Kuziva kwenhetembo yenhetembo kunoonekwa sechiratidzo chetsika yemunhu pane iyo yeruzivo neruzivo rwevanhu veTolstoy kana Pushkin's Creativin.
MuWarsaw Musana 3, 1891, mukomana akaoneka mumhuri yechiJudha. Akanzi Josefa, asi gare gare achachinja zita rekuti "Osip". Baba Emil Emil Mandelshtam aive nyanzvi yerukova, mutengesi weiyo yekutanga guide. Izvi zvakamupa mukana wekugara kunze kwekugara. Amai Flora Ovseevna aive muimbi. Aive nesimba rakakura paMwanakomana wake. Mukukura, mandelstam achaona hunyanzvi hwetheetry mimhanzi.
Mushure memakore matanhatu, mhuri inosiya Warsaw kusvika St. Petersburg. Osip anopinda chikoro cheTenisHeskaya uye ari kudzidza ikoko kubva 1900 kusvika 1907. Chikoro ichi chinonzi "kufashirwa kwemapuranga etsika" kwekutanga kwezana re xx.
Muna 1908, Osip anoenda kuParis kuti adzidze muna Sorbonne. Ikoko anoshandisa makore maviri. Mandelstam Inosangana neGumilev, inonyatsofarira nhetembo dzeFrance uye epic. Anoverenga Francois viyon, Baudelaire uye verlin. Uye munguva dzinofamba pakati penzvimbo kuenda kuParis, Vyachachav Ivanov hurukuro muT. Petersburg, kunzwisisa huchenjeri hwekugumbuka.
Pakati peino nguva, mandalstam anonyora nhambo pfupi "nyoro nyoro" yakatsaurirwa kuTsvetaeva. Iri basa rakanyanya kukosha kwebasa reiyo nhetembo kunge mumwe wevanyoreri vashoma mazwi ekuremekedza. Mudetembi haawanzo kunyora nezverudo, Mandalshtam amene akanyunyuta nezve "rudo Lote" mubishi. "
Muna 1911, Emil's Emillstam anotambura nematambudziko emari, saka Osip haachagona kudzidza muEurope. Kuti ubvumirwe kuYunivhesiti yeSt. Petersburg, akabhapatidzwa mufundisi wePurotesitendi. Kubva gore rino, kusvika 1917 yapera nemazororo ezvidzidzo zvake pana bazi reRomo-Germer rezvakaitika kare uye nePhilological Faculty. Anodzidza kwete zvakanyanya nekushingaira uye haagamuchire diploma.
Anowanzoitika mumba maGumileva, anosangana akhmatova. Pashure pacho, kushamwaridzana navo, anofunga imwe yerombo rakanaka kwazvo muhupenyu. Anotanga kudhindwa mumagazini "Apollo" kumashure muna 1910 uye anoenderera mberi mumagazini "hyperbordi" uye "New Sachirikon".
Muna 1912 anodzidza block uye anoratidza kunzwira tsitsi maAcmerists, akabata boka ravo. Inova nhengo yemisangano "zvigaro shop".
Muna 1915, Mandelstam inonyora imwe yenhetembo dzayo dzinozivikanwa kwazvo "kushaya hope. Homer. "Saizi."
Mabhuku
Bhuku reDebut raOsirapa Mandelstam rakanzi "ibwe" uye renzvimbo muna 1913, 1916 uye 1923 nezvinhu zvakasiyana. Panguva ino, anotungamira nedutu rezambiringa hupenyu achiri mune yayo epicenter. SaMandelshthtam ari kuverenga nhetembo yake, zvaigoneka kunzwa mune yeummenite-artistic cabaret "imbwa yakatsamwa". "Dombo" rinoratidzwa nesarudzo yeakakomba, inorema, "harsh-tutechevsky", asi iyo yekusagadzikana yekusajeka, yakafanana nerevernale.
Mushure mekuchinja, mudetembi anouya mukurumbira, akadhindwa, anoshanda pamwe nepepanhau "Commissari" uye anofamba achitenderera nyika, achitaura nendima. Munguva yehondo yevagari vaawana mukana wekupukunyuka nevarindi venyachena muTurkey, asi akasarudza kuramba ari muSoviet Russia.
Panguva ino, mandalstam anonyora nhetembo "foni", "twight yerusununguko", "nekuda kwekuti maoko ako aisakwanisa kuchengeta ..." Uye vamwe.
Erewcomputers elegces mubhuku rake rechipiri "Tristia" muna 1922 - Ichi chibereko chekusagadzikana chisina ruzivo chakakonzerwa nekuchinja kwenyika uye nehondo yenyika yekutanga. Nhetembo dzakatarisana nenhamba dze "Trissius" - Yakakamurwa uye Paradoxical, aya ihombodo dzesangano.
Muna 1923, Mandalshtm anonyora prose art "inzwi renguva".
Munguva kubva muna 1924 kusvika 1926, MANDILSTAM anonyora nhetembo dzevana: Iyo PRPUS "," Mota "nevamwe.
Kubva 1925 kusvika 1930, MANLSSTAM anotora dombo rekumbomira. Anowana pahupenyu ari shanduro dzepamhepo. Akanyora prose. Pakati peino nguva, mandalstam inogadzira nyaya "Mako weEjipiti".
Muna 1928, kuunganidzwa kwekupedzisira kwetemberi "nhetembo" uye kuunganidzwa kwezvinyorwa zviri panhetembo zvakagadzirwa.
Muna 1930, anofamba achitenderera kabati, uko nhetembo yakaenda parwendo rwebhizinesi pachikumbiro chenhengo yemutungamiriri weConsBuro yeCPSU (B) Nikolay Bukharin. Mukurapa, anosangana neyesainzi Boris Kuzin, uyo akapa simba rakakura pane mudetembi. Uye, kunyangwe mandlstam asina kudhindwa kanenge chero kupi, anonyora zvakawanda mumakore ano. Izvo zvinobuda muchinyorwa chake "kuenda kuArmenia".
Paanodzokera kumba, nhetembo rinonyora nhetembo "leningrad", iyo mandalstam yakatsvuka "ndakadzokera kuguta rangu, ndinoziva misodzi" uye maanobvuma murudo rweguta rake.
Muma 1930s, nguva yechitatu yehutambo dzeMandelstamu dzinouya, umo hunyanzvi hwechifananidzo chinotongwa.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1919, muKiev, Osip mandelstam inodurura nerudo netariro yewovvlevna khazin. Akazvarwa muna 1899 muSaratov mumhuri yechiJudha akatora orthodoxy. Panguva yekusangana naMandelshtam, Nadezhda aive nedzidzo yakanaka kwazvo. Vakasangana muCafe "h.l.a.m.". Munhu wese akataura nezvavo, sechido murudo nepakati. Munyori Dech muMumoirs anonyora kuti tariro yakafamba sei nemabhoto emvura erisi pedyo neOsip.
Pamwe chete neMandelshtam khazin Woners muRussia, Ukraine, Georgia panguva yehondo yevagari. Muna 1922, vanoroora.
Haamusiye mumakore ekutambudzwa, akamusiya chinongedzo.
Kusungwa uye Rufu
Muna 1933, maererano neSouth J pas pas, MANLLSTAM vanongoita chiito kuzviuraya, kuverenga inoshanda antistali mune yeruzhinji. Mushure mekunge mudetembi akaona nzara yemharo, mandlstam akanyora nhetembo "Tinorarama, pasi peNo-nyika", iyo vateereri vanonzi "Epigram paStalin". Kubva pazera remakore rimwe nehafu gumi nemaviri, kune avo vakaudza nhetembo.
Kufananidza kwemangwana kudzvanywa yaive nhetembo "yemuvhenekeri wemazana emakore anouya ...", mune iyo mandalstam iyo inoshungurudza yetemberi.
Pausiku hwaMay 14, 1934, akasungwa nekutaura kwakazotaurira pakudada kwenharaunda yematare. Ikoko, kunyangwe tsigiro yemukadzi wake, anoita zvekuzviuraya chaiko, achikanda pahwindo. Tariro Mandelstam iri kutsvaga nzira dzekuchengetedza murume wake uye anonyora mune zvese zviitiko, shamwari nevazivikanwi. Vanovabvumira kutamira ku voronezh. Ivo vanogara muhurombo hwakazara kusvika 1937. Mushure mekupedza kudzidza, chinongedzo chinodzoserwa kuMoscow.
Zvichakadaro, "Mubvunzo waMandelstam" hausati wavharwa. Kukurukurwa padanho rerunyararo rwezvinhu zvemukati uye kubatana kwevanyori, nhetembo dzenhetembo, inonzi "godo" nePokhrour uye Slandrous. Tuchi akanyanya, uye muna 1938, Mandlstam akasungwa zvakare ndokutumirwa kuFar East.
Zvita 27, 1938 haana kuzova mudetembi. Akafa weTyphus uye pamwe chete nevamwe venyiza akavigwa muguva remafuta. Nzvimbo yekuviga's yekuviga isingazivikanwe.