Biography
Aristotle Chirevo chekare cheGreek, mudzidzi wePlato, mushure menguva yakati wandei mukupokana, muvambi wesimba rePeripatic, mupepa Alexander Makedonsky. Mupiro wake wesainzi unokosha. Kweanopfuura makore 2, muzivi masayendisiti anowana zvekushandisa confiratus akagadzirwa nawo, mazano ayo akaumba hwaro hwesainzi. Nhaka yaAristotle inosanganisira mabhuku makumi mashanu avakaburuka kwatiri nekuda kwekuedza kwevadzidzi vake nevateveri vake.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Aristotle akaberekerwa muguta reStagir, iyo iri mune yechiGreek koloni yeFrandia. Nekuda kweMazita eguta reNative, mushure memabhuku eRistotle waiwanzodaidzwa kunzi dzikadzi. Akauya achibva kuimba yevarwi. Baba vake Nikamah vaive chiremba wedare remambo wekuMasedhonia weMasedhate III. Amai vaFakedeo vakava nemvumo yakanaka.
Sezvo mumhuri, mushonga wakaendeswa kubva kuchizvarwa nechizvarwa, hapana munhu aizoita chiremba nemwanakomana wake. Naizvozvo, kubva munherera, akadzidzisa mukomana zvekutanga zvekurapa, pamwe neuzivi, izvo maGreek zvaionekwa seyenyenyenzi resainzi kune Shekar yega yega. Asi urongwa hwaBaba hauna kufanirwa kuzadzikiswa. Aristotle yekutanga nherera uye yakamanikidzwa kusiya zvadzora.
Pakutanga, jaya rine makore gumi nemashanu rakaenda kuMaly Asia kune muchengeti weiyo proxy, uye muna 367 BC. Ns. akagara muAthens, kwaakava mudzidzi wePlato. Aristotle akadzidza kwete zvematongerwo enyika uye uzivi kuyerera, asiwo nyika yemhuka nezvirimwa. Akazara, akagara paPlato akadzora kwemakore anenge makumi maviri.
Akaumbwa semutariri, Aristotle akaramba dzidziso yemupi wezvepfungwa nezvepfungwa dzemasangano asina kuvanzika ezvinhu zvese. Muzivi wechidiki akaisa mberi kwake fungidziro - iyo yekutanga yechimiro uye ine basa uye mweya usingabatsiri kubva mumuviri. Mufananidzo wevaviri vanofunga, kutungamira kukakavara, kusimbisa master of the renaissance - Rafael Santi pane Madrid "chikoro cheAthens".
Muna 345 BC Aristotle anoenda kuchitsuwa cheLesbos, muguta reMiterizeri, nekuda kwekuurayiwa kweshamwari yake Hermia, zvakare aimbova mudzidzi wePlato, uyo akatanga kurwa naPersia.
Pashure pemakore maviri, Aristotle anoenda kuMasedhonia, kwaakamukoka Mambo Firipi kumutsa mugomo - Alexander ane makore gumi nematatu. Nguva yeiyo biography yevanofunga, iyo yaakatsaurira kudzidziswa kwemutungamiriri ane mukurumbira, akatora angangoita makore masere. Pakudzokera kuAthens, Aristotle akatanga chikoro chake chehunyanzvi "LICKEY", inozivikanwa zvakare seChikoro chePeripateti.
Uzivi dzidziso
Aristotle yakakamurwa sainzi pane fungidziro, inoshanda uye yekusika. Akataura nezve fizikisi, masvomhu uye metaphysics. Sayenzi idzi, zvichienderana neuzivi, vanodzidziswa nekuda kweruzivo pacharwo. Kune wechipiri - Zvematongerwo enyika uye Ethics, sezvo kutenda kwavari hupenyu hwenyika iri kuvakwa. Kune vekupedzisira, iye akati marudzi ese ehunyanzvi, nhetembo uye rhetoric.
Shamhu yepakati yedzidziso yeAristotle inotariswa segumi nenhama: Chinhu ("chii" kubva kune "(" chii ("chii chinobereka chikonzero (" ipapo, kubva kupi ". Zvichienderana nezveizvi zvakatanga, zvakaverengera zviito uye zvidzidzo zvakanakira kana kuti hutsinye.
Iye anofunga akazova muvambi weiyo hierarchical system yemapoka. Vakagoverwa gumi: Essence, huwandu, hunhu, hunhu, nzvimbo, nguva, kuve, chinzvimbo, chinzvimbo, chiito uye kutambura uye kutambura uye kutambura. Zvese zvinhu zvinogoverwa kune dzidzo yeimba yeimba, iyo nyika yezvirimwa uye zvipenyu, nyika yemhando dzakasiyana dzemhuka nemurume.
Kubva pamazano eAristotle akatanga kukudziridza pfungwa dzakakosha dzepadenga uye nguva seyakasarudzika masangano uye sehurongwa hwehukama hwakaumbwa nezvinhu zvekunyama kana zvichidaro.
Kune mazana emakore akati wandei, mhando dzemidziyo yehurumende yaive yakakodzera, iyo yakatsanangurwa Aristotle. Mufananidzo werudzi rwakakodzera, muzivi wakaratidzwa muzvinyorwa "zvematongerwo enyika". Zvinoenderana nedzidziso yefundo, munhu anoitwa munharaunda, sezvo ichirarama kwete iye chete.
Nevamwe vanhu, ropa, hushamwari uye zvimwe zvisungo zvinomusunga. Chinangwa chenharaunda yehurumende hachisi kubudirira kwehupfumi uye chikamu chevanhu, vanobatsirwa sei nevanhu vazhinji vanoponeswa, "Eudemonism". Izvo zvinokwanisika chete nekuda kwekunze kwehupenyu hupenyu nemutemo wehurumende nemitemo yetsika.
Yakaratidza 3 yakanaka uye 3 zvakashata shanduro dzebhodhi. Kurudyi, kushungurudza vavariro yechiitiko chakajairika, akataura nezve monarchy, aristocracy nezvematongerwo enyika. Kune zvisiri izvo, kushungurudza zvinangwa zvepanyama zvemutongi, zvinofungidzirwa kudzvinyirira, Oligarchy naDemocracy.
Mafambiro ePhilosopher akabata uye art sphetes. Vatombofunga vakatsanangura maonero ake pakuvandudzwa kwematare emitambo yemitambo yemitambo mune kuumbwa kwe "nhetembo". Chete chikamu chekutanga cheiri basa kusvika nhasi, chechipiri, chinofungidzira, chine ruzivo nezve chimiro chemutumbi wekare wechiGiriki. Kufunga nezveMitambo uye hunyanzvi hwese, Aristotle anoisa pfungwa yekuvapo kwekutevedzera chiitiko, icho chinomutsa munhu uye zvinomufadza.
Imwe nyaya yakakosha yeuzivi inonzi "nezve mweya". Mukuratidzira, Aristotle inoratidza huwandu hwenyaya dzakaenzana dzine chekuita nehupenyu hwemweya chero chipi zvacho chisikwa, chichifunga mutsauko mukuvapo kwemunhu, mhuka nezvirimwa. Zvakare pano, muzivi anotsanangura 5 pfungwa (kurira, kunhuwa, runyerekupe, kuravira uye kuona) uye 3 kugona kwemweya (kukura, kunzwa uye kuratidzwa).
Mukuwedzera, Aristotle akakwanisa kudzidza uye kufunga nezveese sainzi inowanikwa munguva yake. Akasiya mabasa ari mumigodhi, fizikisi, nyeredzi, biology, uzivi, tsika, diacics, diaficcs, zvematongerwo enyika, nhetembo uye rhetory. Unganidzo yemabasa omuzivi hukuru anonzi "Aristotelian Corps".
Hupenyu Hwako
Chimiro chesainzi chinogona kutongwa nezvevamwe ndangariro dzevanhu vaairarama. Maererano nevateveri vakavimbika vePlato, Aristotle haana kudzora manzwiro apo nyaya yacho pakafungisisa zvakakakwa zvehunyanzvi. Rimwe zuva, vafundisi vakatodzikama kunyange nemurapi akaomesesa kuti Plato akatanga kudzivisa musangano mukana nemudzidzi.
Nezve hupenyu hwomunhu oga hwevazukuru vezvevazukuru vakaramba vaine ruzivo. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Aristotle aive nemadzimai maviri nevana vaviri. Muna 347 BC e., pamakore makumi matatu nematatu, akarembera, Pythiad, mwanasikana wevaArithiadhi weshamwari yepedyo yeHermia, Tirana assos muThedhade. Aristotle naPofiadha vakava nemwanasikana wavo Pythiad. Mushure mekufa kwemumwe wokutanga, muzivi akatanga kushambidza nemuranda weHerlda, uyo akamupa mugari wenhaka - mukomana waNikomakh.
Rufu
Pashure porufu rwaAlexander MakedonsKy, Bunta kutungamira kweMasedhonia vari kuwedzera kuAtene, uye Aristotle pachake, somudzidzisi ainzi Alexander, akapomerwa vasingatendi vasingatyi. Muzivi anosiya Atene, sezvaaitora mukana wekudzokorora zvinoitika zveSocrates - chepfu chepfu. Izwi rinoti "Ini ndoda kuponesa vaTeather kubva kumhosva nyowani kubva kuchizivi" chakava chirevo chakakurumbira.
Iye anofunga anoenda kuguta reHalkis paEvi Island. Kuratidza Aristotle kune rutsigiro rwake, ichiteverwa nehuwandu hukuru hwevadzidzi vake. Asi muzivi haana kurarama kwenguva yakareba. Mwedzi miviri mushure mekugadzwa, anofa pamakore makumi matanhatu nemaviri ehupenyu kubva kune chirwere chakakomba chemudumbu, chichavatambudza.
Pashure porufu rwemupi weMupi, "boka rake" ruva "rakananga mudzidzi akazvitsaurira, uyo akagadzira dzidziso dzaAristotle nezveBotanic, mimhanzi, nhoroondo yeuzivi. Akachengeta kuchengetedza kwemabasa evanofunga.
Uzivi Inoshanda
- "Mitezo"
- "Fizikisi"
- "Nezvekudenga"
- "Pane zvikamu zvemhuka"
- "NezveMweya"
- "Metaphys"
- "Nikomakhova Ethics"
- "Zvematongerwo"
- "Nhetembo"