Biography
Alexander Madedonsky - Mukuru mukuru wekare wekare, izvo zvakakwanisa kudzora mazhinji eAsia munguva pfupi, kusvika kuIndia nePakistan. Akapinda mune nyaya semukudzi, uyo asina kurasikirwa nehondo imwe chete. Kubudirira kwakadaro kwakaitwa ne tarenda rekunatsa kwemutongi uye sarudzo yezano: Mauto eMacedonia aigara achirova nekukurumidza uye kamwe kamwe, vachitenderera nevatambudzi vadiki. Iye anonyanya kuzivikanwa kwemazuva anhasi musimboti weAlexander ndiye motto: "Govana uye kukunda."Hudu uye Vechidiki
Alexander akaberekerwa muMasedonia Capital Pella. Akaitika kubva pamudzinza akashinga weArgead, ndianiko, sekutaurirana kwake, akatanga kubvunzwa negamba rakakurumbira. Baba vaAlexander ndiMambo weMasedhonia Philip II. Amai - maOlimpiki, mwanasikana weMambo weEpian. Yayo pedegree haisi isinganyanye - maererano nengano, muvambi wemhando yePierride aive Ahill iye. Kuziva nezve ndezveviri mbiri huru dzakakanganisa kuumbwa kwehumwe hunhu hwejaya racho.
Alexander, nekuda kwekuronga kusanzwisisa, baba vaive nehanzvadzi dzakati wandei nehama dzakati wandei, asi vechiSorior chete Firipi vaionekwa sevakaderera. Mukomana akakura mumamiriro ezvinhu anokosha.
Kudzidzisa Alexander pazera rekutanga kwaive kusiri pamba, asi pane tsika yakatangwa - kuhama. Akadzidza mutsime, uye vadzidzisi vaiva Leonid, avo vakasimbirira pamararamiro eSpartan, uye vahedheni Lisimah, akadzidzisa mudyi wenhaka wechigaro chezvishe uye tsika.
Kubva pazera ramakore gumi nematatu, akatanga kumutsa vaongorori mukuru Aristotle, vaiziva kwazvo baba vake. Muzivi, achiziva kuti iye chipangamidzo chemutongi wetemberi, akatarisa pakudzidza kwezvematongerwo enyika, tsika uye uzivi. Mukuwedzera, kuyedza kupa iyo wadhi yedzidzo yekare, mudzidzisi akadzidzisa Tsarevich Mexprent, mabhuku uye nhetembo.
Alexander kubva kune zera rekutanga airatidza hunhu hwakadai sekusimudzira, kusindimara uye kuzvipira. Kune rimwe divi, aive asina hanya nekunakidzwa kwemuviri, anoganhurirana pachavo mune chikafu uye haana kuratidza chero kufarira murume kana musikana kwenguva yakareba.
Watove muhuduku, mune ramangwana zano raive nehungwaru hunoshamisa uye kunhuhwirira. Sezvo takasangana nekusavapo kwababa nhume dzevamiriri vePezhiya, haana kuvabvunza nyaya imwe chete. Iye mukomana aifarira zvinhu semhando yemigwagwa, izvo zvehupenyu hwemaguta uye tsika yerudzi rwekune dzimwe nyika. Pazera rechigumi, achiri kuyaruka akakwanisa kugadzirisa bhiza risina kuchena, rakazova shamwari yake yakatendeka mumushandirapamwe ese. Alexander akacherekedza kuti stallion inotyisidzira mumvuri wake, saka ndakadzivisa kuenzanisa pamusoro pebhiza kupesana nezuva.
Kekutanga, Baba vakapa mwanakomana wavo Makedhonia, aine makore 16. Firipi pachake akaenda kunokunda Byzantine, uye panguva iyoyo kupanduka kwacho kwainge kusimuka kumusha kwake, vaimupikisa vaive madzinza aTracian. Tsveti yechidiki, nerubatsiro rwezvemagiments akasara muguta guru, akadzvinyirira mhirizhonga, uye panzvimbo yekwaakavimbisa guta reAlexandropol mukukudzwa kwake. Mushure memakore maviri, akaitira mutungamiriri akabudirira, achiraira bapiro rekuruboshwe remauto eMasedhonia muhondo yaHirwe. Muna 336 BC Ns. Mambo Firipi akaurayiwa, uye Alexander akazivisa mambo weMakedhonia.
Bhodhi uye Huru Hiking
Zvino wakati asvika nesimba, Alexander anoparadza vavengi vaBaba, avo vane mhaka yekufa kwake, uye vanodzora mutero. Zvadaro, kwemakore maviri, anodzvinyirira madzinza ekurambidza vasingatenderi kuchamhembe kwenyika uye anodzosera simba reMasedhonia kuGreece.
Mushure meizvozvo, Alexander anobatanidza ese ellow uye anoita rwendo rukuru kuenda kuPersia, iro hupenyu hwake hwese hwairota Firipi Firipi. Hondo dzevaPersia yakaratidza zvizere tarenda remauto eAlexander Madedonsky. Mushure mekurwa kurwizi rwembudzi muna 334 BC. Ns. Mukutonga kweMasedhonia, anenge ese madiki eAsia anoitika. Uye Alexander akatumirwa kundobwinya kwemutungamiriri mukuru uye mukundi.
Kuzviisa pasi pake pedyo, Palestine, Kariya nedzimwe nyika dzeMiddle East, Alexander akaenda kuIjipita, kwaakange asangana nehumwari chitsva. MuIjipita, mambo anovakirwa pane rimwe guta mukuremekedzwa kwake - Alexandria.
Kudzokera kuPezhiya, Alexander akakunda Suzu, kutsungirira uye Bhabhironi. Guta rekupedzisira rakazova guta guru reUnited powered. Muna 329, korona mambo wePezhiya Dhariusi akaurayiwa neyepedyo, uye Alexander zvakare akazviratidza pachezvake sechiitiko chakangwara uye zano. Anozivisa kuti madzimambo emifopi anofanira kupomera madzimambo nekuda kwekudonha kweHumambo hwePezhiya, uye hapana vanokunda zvachose, uye vanozvidaidza kuti mutsivi wekukudzwa kwaDhariusi.
Alexander anova mambo weAsia uye kwemakore maviri anobata Sogdean naBactria, ndiko kuti, zvazvino Afghanistan, Tajikistan naUzbekistan. Nokubata nzvimbo itsva, Alexer akaisa maguta mukukudzwa kwake. Semuenzaniso, Alexandria Eschata naAlexandria muArachosiya, vakararama kunguva dzedu pasi pemazita aKhujand uye Kandahar.
Muna 326 BC Alexander Great akatora mushandirapamwe kuIndia. Akakwanisa kubata madzinza mashoma uye kukunda nzvimbo yePakistan yazvino. Asi, nekuenda murwizi rweIndia, uto rakaneta rakamisikidzwa uye vakaramba kuenderera mberi. Alexander akamanikidzwa kutumira mauto kumashure mushure mekusimudzira kwekuwedzera kwemakore gumi nemakore gumi ekukura mukati meAsia chikamu cheEurasian Mainland.
Chimiro cheAlexander MakedonsKy apo Mutongi kuti akatora tsika uye zvitendero zvevakatorwa, haana kuedza kumanikidza tsika yake uye dzimwe nguva akasiya magavhuna ekare madzimambo nevatongi. Bumbiro rakadaro rakadzivisa kuomeswa kwemhiri kwemhirizhonga dzevakakundwa ndima, asi gore rega rega zvakanyanya uye zvakakonzera kusagutsikana pakati pemakomputa. Iwo mano mamwe maitiro anozoisa zvisizvo madzishe ekare eRoma.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muhupenyu hwake chaiye, Alexander Makedhonia airatidza rusununguko rumwe nerumwe rusununguko kubva kune vamwe kutonga kwevamwe sebhizinesi rehondo. Hem Alexander Makedhonia akaverengerwa varongo makumi matatu nemakumi matatu vakasiyaniswa, aive vatenzikadzi vake kwemakore maviri, kutanga kusvika pamakore makumi matatu nematatu, kwemakore manomwe, barina, akazova amai vemwanakomana wake asiri ega. Uye zvakare, hukama hwake nehambadzi Amazon Faleztris uye Indian Princess Cleopis anozivikanwa.
Vakaroorana vaAlexander vaive vatatu. Wekutanga akava mwanasikana wechiBuction Roxana, izvo mambo zvaakatora mukadzi wake kana mwenga achiri makore 14 chete. Maererano nenyaya, musikana uyu aive atapwa, mambo aisakwanisa kuramba runako rwake uye akawira murudo pakutanga kuona. Vakaroora muna 327 BC. Eh .. Akabereka mwana anozivikanwa zviri pamutemo weMutungamiriri mukuru - mwanakomana waAlexander, akazvarwa mwedzi wababa vake.
Mushure memakore matatu, mambo akaroora panguva imwe chete pamakondinhi maviri ePezari - mwanasikana waTsar Darius nyeredzi nemwanasikana waTsar Arksserving III Parisade. Vese vanowedzera muchato vanoonekwa sevakakwana kubva pakufunga nezvezvematongerwo enyika. Chokwadi, hazvina kudzivisa mukadzi waRoxane wekutanga kuti aenderane negodo uye kuuraya ston pane ino ivhu pakarepo mushure mekufa kwemurume wake.
Alexander Macedonsky aive nemaonero epamberi penguva yake paukama nevakadzi vanoremekedza uye vaikurukura nezve varume vakaenzana, kunyangwe mudzidzisi wake waAristotle akasimbirira pane yechipiri yevakadzi vevakadzi.
Rufu
Munguva yechando, 323 BC. Ns. Alexander anotanga kuronga mushandirapamwe matsva pamusoro pemadzinza eArabic ePeninsula uye kukunda kwekiramu. Zvirongwa zvamambo - kuzviisa pasi peMeditera ese. Mushure mekuzorora kwenguva pfupi, inotanga kuvaka chiteshi chitsva muPersian Gulf uye iyo yekuvandudza kweFlotilla.
Pasati papera vhiki kusati kwatanga basa, Kukurukurirana kukuru kurwara zvakanyanya, zvinonyanya kurwara marariya. Kusava nechokwadi kwevatsvagiri ndechekuti chirwere chinotapukira hachiratidzike pakati pedenderedzwa repedyo rekutaurirana kwemutongi. Hypotheses nezve cancer yeropa, iyo yakatora chinomhanya-yakavakirwa hunhu, nezvekuzvimba kwemapapu, mudumbu nemusoro uye chiropa kukundikana. Mukuwedzera, pane shanduro uye nezve chepfu yeAlexander.
Kwemwedzi yakati wandei, mutongi aisakwanisa kukwira kubva pamubhedha wemba yake muBhabhironi. Kubva pakutanga kwaJune, inoramba kupereta uye inokwira iyo yeutsinye fivha, iyo yakagara mazuva gumi. June 10, 323 BC. Mambo mukuru uye Mutungamiriri Alexander MadedonsKy akafa. Panguva yekufa, aive nemakore makumi matatu nematatu, haana kurarama mwedzi wake waanogara naye.
Nguva pfupi mushure mekufa kwaAlexander mukuru, kudonha kwesimba kwakatanga. Ndima yakakundwa yakakamurwa pakati pomutungamiriri wemauto emubati. Hakuna mudyi wenzira wamambo, Alexander nemafuru asina kuuya kurwira chigaro cheushe, sezvo vaviri vakaurayiwa nevana, izvo zvaireva kubviswa kwerudzi rwehondo. Zvakangodaro, kupararira kwetsika yechiGreek kune iyo chikamu chikuru chehurumende dzechidiki neCentral Asia yakapa kukurudzira mukubuda mundima idzi dzeHellenism.
Ndangariro
Simba reAlexander Masedhonia pakuvandudzwa kwetsika, zvematongerwo enyika uye hupfumi hwenyika yekare zvakaoma kuwanda. Watova zvekare, iye akazivikanwa sokukudzwa kukuru kwezvinhu zvese uye vanhu. Mumakore epakati, biography yake yakashanda sosi ye "roman nezve Alexandra", iyo yakawedzerwa neyakajairika yezvekunyepedzera chokwadi. Mune ramangwana, chifananidzo chemutungamiriri chakafuridzira zvekutamba uye pane zvakasikwa zvezviratidzo, zvifananidzo nemabasa ehunyanzvi. Muguta reTesaroniki, chifananidzo chevakundi mukuru paKone akaiswa.
Munyika yeWorld Cinema, hunhu hwaAlexander hwakakura kupfuura kamwechete hwakava sosi yekurudziro yezviitiko uye zvigadziko. Hollywood Mahara "Alexander Great" 1956 naAlexander 2004 neColin Farrell mune yekutungamira basa.
Mafirimu
- 1956 - "Alexander Great"
- 2004 - "Alexander"