Biography
Nikolay wechipiri ndiye Emperor wekupedzisira Russia, uyo akazova nyaya senhau souseweight mambo. Sekureva kwenhevedzeri, manejimendi enyika yemambo aive "anorema curb", asi izvi hazvina kumutadzisa kuita kuti marefu mukushanduka kwesindasitiri uye nezvokuti munyika yekutonga kwaNicholas Ii, kufamba kwekuchinja kwaive kuwedzera kushingaira, uye mamiriro ekunze emutemo aive akaoma.. Munhoroondo dzemazuva ano, mambo weRussia anotaurwa neEpitheets "Nikolai Ropa" uye "Nikolai Martyr", sekuongorora kwemabasa uye hunhu hwaMambo hwakavanzika uye hunopokana.
Nikolai II akaberekerwa muna Chivabvu 18, 1868 mumusha weumambo hweMambo weRussia mumhuri yeumambo. Nekuti vabereki vavo, Alexander III naMariya Fedorovna, akava mwanakomana wedangwe uye mudyi wenhaka wechigaro chake, akadzidziswa kubva pakurarama kweupenyu hwake. Muchirungu Karl rake raive akarerwa mukurerwa kwamambo wekuzvarwa munguva inotevera kubva pakuzvarwa, uyo akadzidzisa vechidiki Nikolay Alexandrovich akasununguka muChirungu.
Uhu hweHushati hwechigaro cheumambo hwakaitika mumadziro emutungamiri waakajeka Alexander Imii, uyo akaunza vana vake mweya wechitendero - akavatendera kutamba nekumhanyisa muchiyero. Asi panguva imwe chete iyoyo haana kubvumira kuratidzwa kweusimbe muzvidzidzo zvavo, kuchengetedza zvese zvinofungwa nevanakomana nezvechishe chemberi.
Pazera rechisere, Nikolai wechipiri akatanga kugamuchira dzidzo general kumba. Kudzidziswa kwake kwakaitwa mukati memhando yeiyo General Gemnasic Course, asi mambo wenguva yemberi haana kuratidza zerry uye chishuwo chekudzidza. Kuchiva kwake kwaive bhizinesi remauto - atova mumakore mashanu akava mukuru wehupenyu hwevanhurume vechengetedzeka uye anofara ane mauto echiuto, mamiriro epamutemo uye zano. Kutaura nezvezita remangwana reMambo vakaverenga masayendisiti akanakisa ane mazita enyika, vakanongedzerwa mwanakomana waTsar Alexander III nemudzimai wake Maria Fedorovna.
Kunyanya mudyi wenhaka wakabudirira kudzidza kwemitauro yekune dzimwe nyika, saka mukuwedzera kuChirungu, aive nemitauro yechiFrench, yeGerman uye Danish. Mushure memakore masere, chirongwa cheGystem yeGymnasium, Nicholas, akatanga kudzidzisa zviyero zvakavanzika zvemukati meramangwana, chikamu cheDhipatimendi rehupfumi reyunivhesiti yepamutemo.
Muna 1884, pakukwanisa kweVazhinji, Nicholas II vakauya nemhiko iyi muPalace Palus, mushure mezvo paaive mumakore matatu akatanga kugara muchiuto, izvo zvaakapiwa musoro weColonel. Kuenda zvachose kuenda muchiuto, mambo wenguva yemberi akajairana nyore nyore kune kusagadzikana kwehupenyu hwemauto uye akaendesa sevhisi muuto.
Wokutanga kuzivana neNyika mamiriro pa mugari wenhaka wechigaro chakaitika muna 1889. Ipapo akatanga kuenda kumisangano yedare reHurumende uye kabati revashumiri, umo mavakaziviswa naBaba kuti vaite nyaya iyi uye vakagovana zviitiko zvekutonga. Munguva imwe chete iyoyo, Alexander III akaita nzendo dzakawanda nemwanakomana wake, dzakatanga kubva kumabvazuva. Kwemwedzi 9 yakatevera, vakafamba Greek, India, Egypt, Japan neChina neGungwa, uye vakaenda kuSiberia yose, vakadzokera kuguta reRussia.
Kukwira kuChigaro
Muna 1894, mushure mekufa kwaAlexander III, Nikolai, wechipiri akabatana nechigaro choumambo uye chakavimbiswa kwazvo kuchengetedza mauto zvakare akasimba uye akatsiga semubereki wake anonoka. Coronation yeMambo yekupedzisira yeRussia yakaitika muna 1896 muMoscow. Zviitiko izvi zvakagadzirirwa zvakanyorwa nezviitiko zvinosiririsa pane zvinoshatisa munda weKhodynskyn, uko panguva yekuparadzira zvipo zveumambo pakanga paine misa misa, kutora hupenyu zviuru zvevagari vemo.
Nekuda kwekupwanya kukuru, monarch yakauya kune simba raida kutodzima bhora remanheru pane imwe nguva yekukwira pachigaro, asi yakazofunga kuti njodzi chaiyo, asi haina kukodzera kufukidza zororo re coronation. Zviitiko izvi, nzanga yakadzidza yakanzwisiswa seyakaoma, iyo yaive bhuku remabhuku esimbiro mukugadzirwa kwekusunungurwa kwesununguko muRussia kubva kuna Mambo mudzvanyiriri kubva kuna Mambo mudzvanyiriri kubva kuna Mambo mudzvanyiriri kubva kuna Mambo mudzvanyiriri kubva kuna Mambo Dictator.
Kumashure kweizvi, mambo ari munyika akaunza mutemo wakaoma wemukati, maererano nezvinokuvadza pakati pevanhu vakateverwa. Mumakore mashoma ekutanga ekutonga kwaNikolai wechipiri muRussia, kuverenga kwehuwandu kuitiswa, uye shanduko yemari yakaitwa, iyo yakasimudza mwero wegoridhe weiyo rubu. Goridhe Rule Nicholas II yakaenzana ne1.77 goridhe rakachena uye yaive hafu ye "zvakanyanya" Brand, asi kaviri dhora pachiyero chemari dzepasi rose.
Munguva imwe chete iyoyo, "Stolypin" shanduko dzekurima idzi dzakaitwa muRussia, mutemo wefekitori wakaziviswa, mitemo yakati wandei yedzidzo uye nedzidzo yemutero yakagamuchirwa, pamwe nemutero wevaridzi vevaridzi vePoland uye vakadzimwa zvirango, zvakadai sekureva kuSiberia.
MuMusangano weRussia, maindasitiri makuru-ekukura akaitwa munguva Nicholas, mabwe ekugadzira zvekurima akawedzera, kugadzirwa kwemarasha uye kugadzirwa kwemafuta kwakatanga. Panguva imwecheteyo, nekuda kwemambo wekupedzisira weRussia, anopfuura makumi manomwe emakiromita echitima chakavakwa muRussia.
Bhodhi uye Renciation
Kutonga kwaNikolai wechipiri mune yechipiri nhanho kwakapfuura panguva yekuwedzera kwehupenyu hwemukati hwezvematongerwo enyika hweRussia uye mamiriro akaomarara emutemo mamiriro ezvinhu. Panguva imwecheteyo, iye pakutanga yaive nzira yekubva kure yekuMabvazuva. Chipingamupinyi chikuru kumambo yeRussia kufanotungamira muFar East yaive Japan, isina yambiro yeRussia muguta rechiteshi chechiteshi chechitendero cheRussia, akakunda mauto eRussia.
Nekuda kwekutadza kwehondo yeRussia-yechiJapan yakatanga kukudziridza nekukurumidza, uye Russia yaifanira kupa Japan kumaodzanyemba kweSakhalin uye kodzero kune yeLiaodan Peninsula. Pakanga pane izvi kuti mambo weRussia akarasikirwa nechiremera mudenderedzwa renyika uye achitonga nyika, uyo aibatira mambo, uyo aipfuudza "emambo" wemambo, asi anoonekwa munharaunda yeCarlatan uye Kubiridzira kwaive nekukanganisa kwakakwana pamusoro nikolai wechipiri.
Hondo yekutanga yenyika ya1914 yaive shanduko muBiography yeNicholas II. Ipapo mambo aive achiedza kudzivirira kuuraya kweropa nemauto ese pazano rerudzi rwean rasputini, asi Germany akaenda kuRussia kuenda kuRussia kuenda kuRussia, ayo akamanikidzwa kuzvidzivirira. Muna 1915, monarch yakatora murairo wemauto euto reRussia uye pachezvake kuenda kumberi, kuongorora mayuniti emauto. Panguva imwe chete, akaita zvikanganiso zvehondo zvinouraya, izvo zvakakonzera kudonha kwedzinza reimba yeRomov uye yeRussia Humambo.
Hondo yakakura kwazvo matambudziko emunyika, kutadza kwese kwemauto kwakakomberedzwa naNicholas wechipiri akagoverwa. Ipapo muhurumende yenyika yacho vakatanga "dendere", asi kunyangwe iri mambo, pamwe chete neEngland neFrance, vakagadzira chirongwa chevazhinji vekuRussia nenyika. 1917.
Zvirongwa zvaNikolai hazvina kufanira kuti chizadzikiswe - pakupera kwaFebruary 1917, kusuka kukuru kwedzinza reumambo uye hurumende yazvino yakatanga muPetrograd, iyo yaakatanga kumisa nzira dzemagetsi. Asi mauto haana kuteerera zvakarairwa namambo, uye mitezo yevakanaka madzitateguru vakamunyengerera kuti aregedze kubva pachigaro cheushe, icho chinonzi chinonyadzisa kudzvinyirira kusagadzikana. Mushure memazuva akati wandei ekuratidzira, Nicholas II akafunga kusiya chigaro cheushe achirasa hama yake, muchinda Mikhail AlexandRovich alexandRovich, akaramba kutora korona, yaireva kuguma kweimba yeRoma.
Shot of Nicholas II nemhuri yake
Mushure mekusayina mambo wemunguva yekudzoreredza, hurumende yeRussia yeRussia yakapa kurongeka kwekusungwa kwemhuri yehumambo uye yayo yakaenzana. Ipapo vazhinji vakatengesa mambo uye vakapukunyuka, saka zvikamu chete zvevadiwa zvakabvumirana kupatsanurana kwemamongi, pamwe chete namambo, vakatumirwa kuTobolsk, kubva kwaNylory, mhuri Nicholas inofanira vakatumirwa kuUnited States.
Pashure pokunge Gumiguru eruki uye anouya kusimba, iyo bolsheveks, mhuri yeVladimir Lenin, Mhuri yetsinist inoendeswa kuPekaterinburg uye yakagumisa mu "imba yemasimba akakosha". Ipapo bolshevek vakatanga kupinda muchirongwa cheiye mhosva pamusoro pemambo, asi hondo yevagari havana kubvumira chinangwa chavo.
Nekuda kweizvozvo, mune echelons ekumusoro kwesimba reSoviet, zvakasarudzwa kupfura mambo nemhuri yake. Pausiku hwaJuly 16, Chikunguru 17, 1918, mhuri yemambo yekupedzisira yeRussia yakapfurwa mukamuri yeSemi-basement yeimba, umo Nicholas II akasungwa. Mambo, mukadzi wake nevana, pamwe chete neanoverengeka yake, akaunzwa pasi pekunyepedzera nekutsanangurwa kweguta, mushure mekunge miviri yaakapiswa kunze kweguta, miviri yavo yakapisa nePaRose, uye mushure mekuvigwa pasi.
Hupenyu Hwako uye Mhuri yeumambo
Hupenyu hwomunhu oga hwaNicholas wechipiri, kusiyana nemamwe madzishe mazhinji eRussia, yaive mwero werudzi rwemhuri yepamusoro sei. Muna 1889, panguva yekushanya kwemuchinda weGerce Alice Hesse Darmstadt kuenda kuRussia, Zesarevich Nikolay AlexandRovich akakosha kune musikana uye akabvunza baba vechikomborero kuti varoore. Asi vabereki havana kubvumirana nesarudzo yemuririyo, saka Mwanakomana akaramba mwanakomana. Izvo hazvina kumira Nikolai II, uyo asina kurasikirwa netariro yemuchato naAlice. Vakabatsirwa nemuchinda mukuru weElizabeth Fedorovna, hanzvadzi yemuchinda weGerman weGerman, anga akaita chinyorwa chakavanzika neyechidiki murudo.
Pashure pemakore mashanu, Zesarevich Nikolai akadzokorora akabvunza kubvunzwa kwababa vake kuti varoore nemuchinda weGerman. Alexander III achifunga nezvehutano hwakaomesesa hwakabvumidza mwanakomana kuti aroore Alice, akazove Alexander Fedorovna mushure mePasi rose. MunaNovember 1894, muchato waNikolai wechipiri neAlexandra zvakaitika muPalace Palace, uye muna 1896, vakaroora vakagamuchira kuwirirana uye vakava vakuru venyika iyoyo.
Muwanano Alexandra Fedorovna naNikolai II, vana vashanu vakaberekerwa - 4 Olga, Maria naAlexei, vane chirwere cheLemopia - Hemupilia ane chekuita neRexical Cogation. Hosha yaTsearevich Alexei Nikolayevich yakamanikidza mhuri yehumambo kuti uzive kuti kurwa kwechirwere cheGregist kurwisa chirwere chakakura paAlexander Fedorovna uye Emperor Nicholas Second.
Vanyori venhoroondo vanotaura kuti mhuri yemambo yekupedzisira yeRussia ndiyo yakanyanya kukosha kwehupenyu. Aigara achipedza nguva yakawanda mumhuri, haana kufarira mafaro ake epasi, akanyanya kufarira rugare, maitiro, hutano uye hutano hwehama. Panguva imwecheteyo, mambo aive asiri mutorwa kuchido chenyika - akafara kuvhima, aipinda mumakwikwi ekutakurwa, akafamba nechando uye akatamba hockey naAzart.