Biography
Thomas Wolfe anoreva chikwama chevanyori ve "chizvarwa chakarasika", ndiye munyori weRomov, Drum, nyaya uye zera. MuAmerican, aigara muhafu yekutanga yezana ramakore rechi20, akave akakurumbira maitiro ayo ekutanga, mumabasa ayo anowirirana neAutobiographic, nhetembo dzemitauro uye dzakanaka kwazvo.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Iyo Biography yeThomas Culyiton Wolf yakatanga mukudonha kwe1900 muUS State of North Carolina. Iye aive wedangwe wedangwe waWilliam Oliver naJulia Elizabeth - vamiriri venyika yechiJudha, achigara muguta reAshville uye akarera vana vasere.
Baba vaive tenzi wekucheka kwehunyanzvi pamabwe uye muridzi webhizinesi remariro, amai vakatenga zvivakwa munzvimbo yepedyo uye vaine imba yekubhoa. Mumwe munyori wenguva zhinji nguva zhinji yaive muchitarisirwa nemubereki, shamwari yake yakazvipira kwazvo yaive hama yambotama.
Pakutanga kwehudiki, Tomasi aida mabhuku, kunyanya mabhuku evanyori vekare. Ainge asvika pazera ramakore gumi nemashanu, akapinda muYunivhesiti yeHurumende, akabatana neyekukurukurirana kirabhu, anonzi nzanga yedavilelectics uye philanthropy, uye akabatana nedzidzo yemudzidzi, anonzi "PI Kappa Fi".
Maererano nezano revadzidzisi nevandaidzidza navo, American yakanyorwa pane mutambo weDrama, kutamba kwake kwedombo "kudzoka kwaBaka Gavin" isa imateur theatre.
Nzvimbo dzakapoteredza dzinoona kuti mvere dzaive nematarenda ekunyora. Kukudziridza, jaya rakarongedza bepanhau remudzidzi uye rakanyora chinyorwa chakakunda mibairo. Muna 1920, munyori wenguva yemberi akagamuchira degree reBachelor muhunyanzvi uye rakaramba richidzidziswa kuyunivhesiti yeHarvard, iyo yaionekwa seyakanakisa kudzidza nzvimbo yeUnited States. Munguva pfupi, akasika mitambo yemitambo, nekubudirira kwe purofesa weBacker weGeorge Pier.
Kuva tenzi, muna 1923, Thomas akaenda kuNew York uye akaedza kutengesa mabasa ake pane broadway. Akakundwa neFiasco, akadzoka kuvadzidzisi uye kwenguva yakati, akadzidzisa mayunivhesiti ari muChirungu.
Zvisikwa
Pakutanga kwebasa rekugadzira, Wolfe aisakwanisa kubatanidza chero mutambo wakapera. Matare akajaira kukuvadzwa kwakasimba kwezviitiko, akatya vhoriyamu. Kana mutambo we "pamba kuguta redu" akaramba vanhu vekodhi, munyori asingatarisiri akaona kuti chimiro chake chaive chakakodzera kurudziro yehunyanzvi. Akaenda kuEurope kunokurudzira nekunyora.
Basa rekutanga rakakosha rakanga riri autobiography ye "Tarisa kumba kwako, ngirozi." Mubhuku renhangavhoti, Tomasi akarondedzera nhoroondo yemhuri yake. Manyoro akarova maoko emupepeti, akashanda naFrancis Scott Fitzgerald uye Ernest Hemingway. Mushure mekuverenga anopfuura chiuru mapeji, maxwell perkins akaderedza uye akaburitsa chinyorwa mune yakakurumbira American crarbner chirera charles
Basa racho rakava mubatsiri kuGermany neUnited Kingdom, kunyange iwo mifananidzo yevamiriri vemumiriri veGantt yakakonzerwa nehasha dzehama. Asi ini chete hanzvadzi iyo Mabel yakadzora mastery yemunyori, mushoko raakakurudzira hama kuti asafunge nezvemaonero evamwe vamwe.
Chigadzirwa cheDhinda chakaunza Thomas Fame uye Huggenheim's Scholarship. Mushure memakore mana, akapedza kudzidza kubva kubasa pane yakawanda-vhoriyamu epic "Gumiguru akanaka". Achifunga nezve kugona kwebasa, Akaunza Nyika Iro Bhuku rimwe chete, inonzi "nezve nguva neRwizi", pane iyo fungidziro yevanyori veAlina Bernstein uye zvinyorwa zvekunyora.
Kupokana kwakapotsa kunze kwenyika nyowani, yakakurudzirwa mhumhi yekupedza chibvumirano nemutauriri, ichimunyengera zvakanyanya, uye tora rwendo rwakakura kupfuura Europe mukutsvaga mazano matsva. Munguva yerwendo, akapupurira nyaya dzekusarura maJuda, pakudzokera kuUnited States of America, ruzivo rwunosangana nedambudziko reshamwari zhinji dzakauya.
Kunzwa kwekusaodza moyo yeNazilogy kwakanangidzirwa kune vamiriri vemarudzi akasiyana, kwakaratidzwa munyaya "pamba hapana kudzoka", yakaziviswa mumagazini "New Republic". Mabhuku aTomas akarambidzwa munzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzakatsigira Adolf Hitler. Munyori haana kukurudzirwa kuoneka pane veAustria neGerman pasi.
Pakati pegore, mhumhi yakashanda pamabasa matsva. Muna 1937, bhaibheri racho rakadzorerwa neiyo tag ye "chichethogue" yakazvitsaurira kuhondo yevagari muUnited States of America.
Hupenyu Hwako
Muna 1925, kudzoka kubva pakufamba muEurope, Wolfe Met Alina Bernstine - Chiitiko cheNew York Theatre Guild. Mukadzi, aive mukadzi weanochinjana broker uye aive nevana vaviri, aive nemakore 19 akura kupfuura munyori, asi izvi hazvina kumutadzisa muhupenyu hwake.
NOOL, iyo yakatora makore mashanu, pakutanga kwemumiriri webonde akanyarara. Nekudaro, hukama hushamwari hwaimbova vadi hunochengeterwa kumagumo. Mukadzi wacho akaita sebasa re museum, muverengi uye mushandi mukuru. Akava prototype Heroin Roman "Tarisa kumba kwako, ngirozi", pamwe nemabasa emabasa "nenguva uye nezverwizi" uye "web uye dombo".
Usati waenda kunorwara naye, Tomasi akadana shamwari. Akataura izvozvo, kunyangwe mamiriro ezvinhu, haamboregi kuda. Mushure mekufa kweWolfe, zvakazivikanwa kuti Bernstine yakanga yadyarwa uye manyoro, mukadzi uyu akavachengeta sechiratidzo chemufaro, izvo zvaive zvakaoma kukanganwa.
Rufu
Muna 1938, tichigumisa chibvumirano nemutauriri weEdward Asward Spoull uye kuendesa manyoro emabasa asina kugadzirwa, Wolfe akaenda kushanya kuWestern States. Mumadhiriyiri, akaona kuti aizoenda kumatambudziko emhuri yake uye akapoteredzwa uye akafunga zvimwe pasi rese kuratidza nyika.
Zvirongwa izvi hazvina kufanira kuti chizadzikiswe, nekuti Thomas aitonhora munzira uye akapedza nguva yakareba muzvipatara nekuongororwa kwe pneumonia. Vanyori vakawira mu coma, nekuti chirwere chakapesvedzera uropi. Vanachiremba sezvavaigona kurwa nehupenyu hweMunyori wezvinyorwa zveAdobiographio, asi chikonzero chekufa munaSeptember 1938 chaive chiliar tubrasis.
Pamberi porufu rweWolfe, ndakatumira meseji kune max perkins ndokumutenda nekubatana. Iye munyori akaziva kukosha kwemupendero wekubudirira kwemabasa ekutanga.
Mushure mekunge mutumbi wakatorwa kumakuva e rwizi uye akavigwa muSuo padyo nedzimba dzakafa, dzevanoongorora nevanotariswa vakanyora vatori venhau kubva kumaguta akasiyana.
BHAIBHERI
- 1921 - "Makomo"
- 1922 - "Tigamuchire kuguta redu"
- 1929 - "Tarisa kumba kwako, ngirozi"
- 1935 - "Nenguva uye nezveRwizi"
- 1935 - "Kubva Kufa Kubvira mangwanani"
- 1939 - "Web uye Dombo"
- 1940 - hapana kudzoka kumba »
- 1941 - "Kune Zvikomo"
- 1948 - "Imba Inodzivirira"
Filmography
- 1961 - "Tarisa kumba kwako, ngirozi"
- 1972 - "Kurangarira zhizha muBerlin"
- 1979 - "Hapana Kudzoka Kumba"
- 2016 - "Gandini"