Biography
Mikhail Bulgakov chinhu Russian munyori uye munyori wemitambo, muvambi mabasa mazhinji kuti nhasi vaiona Classics mabhuku Russian. Zvaringana zita enganonyorwa akadai "Tenzi uye Margarita", "White Guard" uye zvakaedza "Devilia", "Dog Mwoyo", "Anocherechedza musi hand cuffs." mabhuku akawanda uye mitambo Bulgakov vakanga fused.Hudu uye Vechidiki
Mikhail akaberekerwa Kiev mumhuri Professor-Bogosla Athanasius Ivanovich wake Varvara Mikhailovna, iyo mubasa zvokurera vana vanomwe. Misha yakanga mwana wedangwe kupfuura uye, kana zvichiita, akabatsira vabereki kutarisira pamwe upfumi. Kubva Vamwe vana Bulgakov, Nikolai akagamuchira, uyo akava zvipenyu, Ivan, anozivikanwa nokuda kuenda kumwe somuimbi balala shure, uye Barbar, uyo akashandura kuva kumumvuri pakati Elena turbine muna White Guard yokufungidzira.
Ndapedza kubva jimunasiyamu, Mikhail Bulgakov anopinda payunivhesiti vanachiremba fakaroti. sarudzo yake raiwanzobatana chete ane mercantile chido - vose vamapoka munyori nezveramangwana vaiva vanachiremba uye ndakawana kwazvo. Nokuti mukomana uyo yakura mumhuri yakakura, nuance uyu unokosha.
MuHondo Yenyika II, Mikhail Afanasyevich akashumira mberi-mutsetse mapazi ave chiremba, pashure chiremba wake Vyazma, gare gare - muKiev, somunhu venereologist. Mukutanga 20s, akatamira Moscow uye kunotanga mabhuku mabasa, kutanga kuva fagothonist, papera - kufanana munyori wemitambo uye chinoshamisa chepanzvimbo Kumutungamiriri Mkat uye nechepakati yemitambo kwekushanda nevechiduku.
Mabhuku
Chokutanga kubudiswa rinonzi Mikhail Bulgakov aiva nyaya "adventures Chichikov kuti", zvakanyorwa mune satirical nenzira. It zvakateverwa ubatanidzwewo autobiographical "Anocherechedza musi hand cuffs", Social Drama "Deviliad" uye wokutanga basa guru munyori - the yokufungidzira "White Guard". Chakatishamisa wokutanga Roman Bulgakov akatsoropodza kumativi ose; dzekwavanogara. kusenza akamudana ane Anti dzechiKomonisiti, uye vatorwa wokudhinda akapindura sezvo zvokutadza vakavimbika chete kune simba yeSoviet.
Mikhail Afanasyevich akaudza Mikhail Afanasyevich pamusoro mavambo ake vezvokurapa basa iri kuunganidzwa nyaya yacho Note Vechiduku Doctor, iyo ichiri verenga nechido chikuru. Kunyanya pachena nyaya "Morphy". With mushonga, zvose zvikuru mabhuku akakurumbira pakati munyori zvakabatana - "Dog Mwoyo", kunyange zvazvo chaizvoizvo chiri nhete satire pamusoro ano Bulgakov chokwadi. Ipapo naka nyaya "Fat Eggs" Pakataurwawo kunyorwa.
Pakazosvika 1930, Mikhail Afanasyevich vakaguma harichadhindwi. Somuenzaniso, "mwoyo Dog kuti" yakatanga kubudiswa chete muna 1987, "Upenyu Mr. De Moliere" uye "Theatre Roman" - muna 1965. Uye akasimba uye kusimba pamwero mukuru yokufungidzira "Tenzi uye Margarita", iro Bulgakov akanyora kubvira 1929 kusvika pakufa, chokutanga vakaona chiedza chete mukupera 60s uye kuti - mu rakapfupikiswa.
Muna March 1930, munyori akanga arasa ivhu pasi petsoka dzake kutuma tsamba kuna hurumende, umo iye anokumbira kugadzirisa ake mugumo - kana kutsunga vachitamira kune dzimwe nyika, kana kupa mukana basa. Somugumisiro, Iosif Stalin akamudana pachake uye akati aizova akabvumira kuisa zvesimba. Asi bhuku mabhuku Bulgakov muupenyu hwake haana tangaizve.
Theatre
Kare muna 1925, mitambo Mikhail Bulgakov vakanga vakaisa padariro Moscow dzemitambo - "Zoyikina Apartment", "turbine Days" pamusoro yokufungidzira "White Guard", "Mhanya", "Bagrous Island". Kwapera gore, Ushumiri aida rambidza kugadzirwa "mazuva turbine" somunhu "Anti-Soviet chidimbu", asi kwakasarudzwa kuita izvi, sezvo kuita anakidzwa Stalin, vaimushanyira 14 nguva.
Pasina nguva mitambo yacho Bulgakov akanga achiri kubva repertoire mitambo yose nyika uye chete muna 1930, pashure pachake achapindira mutungamiriri, Mikhail Afanasyevich vakadzorerwa sezvo mumwe munyori wemitambo uye mutungamiriri.
Anoisa "Vakafa Mweya" Gogol uye Dickens "Pickwick Club", asi ayo romunyori Mitambo "Alexander Pushkin", "Bliss", "Ivan Vasilyevich" uye vamwe pakararama ari munyori wemitambo haana akapinda munyika.
The chete Kusara yaiva mutambo "Kabala Svyatosh", wakakumikidzwa mutambo wenyika Bulgakov "Moliere" muna 1936 pashure makore mashanu dzoro yezvikanganiso. Kuratidzwa yakapfuura rakakura kubudirira, asi troupe vakakwanisa kupa zvinoratidzwa 7 chete, pashure iyo mutambo zvairambidzwa. Pashure paizvozvo, Mikhail Afanasyevich osiyana kubva yemitambo uye mune ramangwana anowana kurarama sezvo mushanduri.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mukadzi wekutanga wemunyori mukuru aive Tatyana Lapt. Muchato wavo waive kupfuura varombo - mwenga haana kana fitata, uye ivo vakadaro vane mwero. Panzira, aiva Tatyana akazova kumumvuri kuti Anna Kirillovna kubva nyaya "Morphy".
Muna 1925, Bulgakov akasangana rudo Bolarskaya, anobva kubva kare wamachinda mhando. Akanga kwazvo mabhuku uye zvachose kunzwisiswa Mikhail Afanasyevich somunhu Musiki. Munyori akabva angoita kurambana lappe uye mari belozerskaya.
Uye muna 1932 Anosangana naElena Sergeevna Shilovskaya, Nee Nuremberg. Munhu anokanda mumwe wake wechipiri, anotungamira wechitatu korona. Nenzira, Elena yakabviswa mune yakakurumbira mhinduro mumufananidzo wemararita. Nemukadzi wechitatu, bulgakov akararama asati apera hupenyu hwake, uye ndiye akaedza kuita basa rekuita basa rekuita basa remudiwa. Vana vaMikhaiil vakaberekerwa pamwe nemumwe wevakadzi vake.
Iko kune anonakidza arithmetic-zvisinganzwisisike mamiriro ane bulgakov varoorani. Mumwe nemumwe wavo anga aine muchato wemuenzaniso nhatu, semuchato. Uyezve, nekuti mukadzi wekutanga, Tatiana Mikhail ndiye aive mukadzi wekutanga, kune wechipiri rudo - wechipiri, uye wechitatu elena, wechitatu. Saka zvisinganzwisisike paBulgakov zviripo kwete chete mumabhuku chete, asi zvakare muhupenyu.
Rufu
Muna 1939, munyori akashanda pane yekutamba "Batum" nezvaJoseph Stalin, mutariro yekuti basa rakadai risingarambwe. Kutamba kwacho kwainge kwatove kugadzirira kuumbwa kana chiratidzo chakasvika kumisa kudzorera kudzoreredza. Mushure meizvozvo, Bulgakov akatanga hutano hwake hwakaoma zvakanyanya - akatanga kurasikirwa, akazviita chirwere cheitsvo.
Mikhail Afanasvich akadzokera kushandisirwo kwe morphine kubvisa zviratidzo zvinorwadza. Kubva munguva yechando ya1940, mutambi wacho akamira kubva pamubhedha, uye munaKurume 10, munyori mukuru haana. Mikhail bulgakov akavigwa paNovderevichy Cemetery, uye paguva rake pakusimbirira kwemumwe mukadzi, ibwe rakaradzikwa, iro raimboiswa paguva reNikolai Gogol.
BHAIBHERI
- 1922 - "Chichov's Chinyorwa"
- 1923 - "Cherekedza chiremba wechidiki"
- 1923 - "Dhimoni"
- 1923 - "Zvinyorwa pane Cuffs"
- 1924 - "Chengetedzo Yachena"
- 1924 - "Mazai Akakora"
- 1925 - "Mwoyo wembwa"
- 1925 - Zoykina Apartment
- 1928 - "Mhanya"
- 1929 - "Shamwari Yakavanzika"
- 1929 - "Kabala Svyatosh"
- 1929-1940 - "Master naMargarita"
- 1933 - "Hupenyu hwa Mr. De Molere"
- 1936 - "Ivan VasilEvich"
- 1937 - "MuRoma"