Biography
Valery Chkalov ndiye mushe sovietary soviet pillar yekuyedza, gamba reSoviet Union, iyo yakaita kuti chidimbu chekutanga chisati chave kwekupedzisira kuburikidza neNorth Pole.
Akazvarwa muna 1904 mumusha weVasilevo, ari munharaunda yeNizhny novgorod province. Zvinofadza kuti nzvimbo ino yawana kwete chete mamiriro eguta chete, asiwo zita idzva mukuremekedza kukuru kukohwa kukuru.
Vabereki vaValera vaive vari nyore. Pavel Pavel Grigorievich akashanda seKotelcher pachikepe, uye amai Irina Ivanovna vaiita imba. Nehurombo, akafa kana mwanakomana wake aine makore matanhatu. Munguva pfupi mukomana wacho akatanga kudzidza kuchikoro.
Zvidzidzo zveChkalov hazvina kuratidza kufarira kwakawanda, asi kubva pamazuva ekutanga pakanga paine tarenda yemasvomhu, pamwe nekuyeuka kukuru, kubvumira kudzokorora huwandu hweruzivo rwakanzwa chaizvo chokwadi chenzeve. Mushure meiyo inosungirwa manomwe, valery yakaenda kune vanodziya hunyanzvi chikoro, asi zvaive zvisingagone kupedza mwana achiri kuyaruka. Nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemari, chikoro icho chaive chakamiswa.
Iye murume anodzokera kuna baba vake uye anotanga kushanda pane firoriare pane steamer. Hapana anoziva kuti ndiwo mugumo wegamba remangwana reSoviet Union angatanga kana muna1919 haana kuona ndege nemaziso ake.
Mumusoro weChkalov, sekunge chimwe chinhu chakadzvanywa, uye akatanga kurota tete hupenyu hwake nedege. Pazera ramakore gumi nemashanu, Valera, nekuda kwekuti iye akanyatsopinda mumapoka ehondo matsvuku, akazova mudzidzi wemucherechedzo weimba yemauto.
Gare gare, mumwe murume wechidiki akadzidza zvakanyanya mumasangano ehusimbe. Akapfuura neyekugara kwemauto-fungidziro yechikoro, ipapo anokweretesa wechiuto wekufambisa chikoro cheVatyairi veMupata Mukurinda Serpuation Apiation yekupfura, bhomba uye kurwa uye kurwa nemhepo. Munguva yekudzidziswa kweChkalov yakabhururuka pane nzira yemhando dzakasiyana siyana uye yakagashira kukodzera kwemutyairi wekurwa.
Mutyairi
Basa rake rehunyanzvi rakatanga muna 1924. Akatumirwa kune iyo Aviation squadron kuLeningrad. Inofanira kucherechedzwa kuti Chkalov nguva dzose isingaiti neushingi chete, asi zvakare nekushinga. Aiwanzoita kuti ndudzi nengozi, uye airamba achiwana kupora kubva kuzvikoka uye akatotongerwa mweya uye akatongerwa mwedzi yakati wandei yekusungwa.
Pane ngano, zvisinei, isingade zvakanyorwa kuti valery chkalov yakabhururuka kuKupokana pasi peTrinity Bridge muLeningrad. Asi mafungiro makuru emutyairi ndiye akaedzwa ezvinyorwa zveiyo indasitiri yekupi.
Semuenzaniso, mutyairi aive ari kuseri kwevhiri remagetsi ekutanga emhepo anotakura uye akatakura ndege dzekurwira mashanu pamapapiro uye fuselage. Nebasa rake, aive ari padare nevanogadzira ndege kugamuchira iyo yepamusoro mamiriro ekuti, kusanganisira kurongeka kweVladimir lenin uye nyeredzi tsvuku.
Feat
Muna 1935, valery Chkalov, pamwe chete nevamwe vake, George Baidukov naAlexander Belyakov, vakadarika tsoka kubva kuSoviet Union kuUnited States kuburikidza neNdivaly Standard. Asi musoro weHurumende Joseph Stalin akarambidza chirongwa ichi, kutsiva iyo nzira kuenda kuMoscow - PetroPavlovsk-kamchatsky.
Rondedzero iyi panguva iyoyo kubhururuka kwakaitwa nechikwata chiri pamusoro pasina chero matambudziko. Kureba kweiyo inonzi "nzira yaStalin" yaive inodarika zviuru mazana mapfumbamwe emakiromita.
Zvezvino, vatyairi vevatyairi vakapiwa zita remagamba eSoviet Union, uye mutungamiriri wetilov, semutungamiriri wendege, akava vagari venzvimbo yenyika. Iye kubva kuhurumende akatotaurwa aine ndege yemunhu eiyo U-2.
Pane mafungu ekuzivikanwa, valery pavlovich zvakare akaisa pasi kutendeukira kuStalin neiyo yekutanga zano uye panguva ino yakawana zvakanaka.
Uye pana June 18, 1937, Chkalov akabhururuka naMoscow, uye kunyangwe mamiriro ezvinhu akaipa ekuonekwa, akakwanisa kusvika kuAmerican City yeVancouver nguva, Washington. Kubhururuka kuburikidza neNorth Pole yakadzoreredzwa chkalov mune yeiyo gamba, ngano mhenyu.
Hupenyu Hwako
Pazera ramakore makumi maviri nematatu, vakatakura sevhisi muLeningrad, Valery Chkalov akaroora Olga Orekhova, uyo ari nebasa raive mudzidzisi wechikoro. Mumhuri iyi, mwanakomana waOgor, akaenda akatsika tsoka dzababa vake, akava mutyairi wehondo uye akasvika mumusoro waColonel. Nenzira, uye mwenga, uye mwanakomana akanyora zvinyorwa zvakawanda nemabhuku mazhinji nezvehama yavo huru.
Chkalov zvakare yaive nevanasikana vaviri - Valia neOlga. Uyezve, baba vadiki veOlya havana kumbobvira vaona, sezvo yakazvarwa mwedzi mishoma mushure mekufa kwake kusiririsa.
Valery Pavlovich aive munyori wemabhuku akati wandei umo iye akarondedzera zvarinoita ndege. Izvo zvinonyanya kukosha kubva kune nhoroondo uye ruzivo rwekuziva "kukwirira kumusoro kwepasi. Nyaya dzaPetchik's "uye" yedu turnupolar telturlar moscow - North Pole - North America. "
Rufu
Pakupera kweiyo autumn ya 1938, valery chkalov yaive mune zororo rakakodzera, kubva kwaaisatarisirwa zvisingatarisirwa. Miedzo isina kurongwa uye inokurumidza yekudzivirira-manyoro "i-180" yakagadzwa. Kubhururuka kubhururuka kwaive kugadzirira mukukurumidza, nekutyora kweanenge zvese zvekuchengetedza matanho. Chaizvoizvo pane Evha wekuedza kwemazwi mundege, anenge 190 kuremara kwakakura kwakaratidzwa.
Iyo yekuvandudza yeyuniti yakanyora pamusoro neyekuratidzira kwekumhanya kwekutanga kwendege. Asi miedzo yakagadzwa musi waDecember 15, 1938, uye ivo havana kudzimwa kunyangwe kunyange tembiricha yakadzika kwazvo.
Kuenda kwacho kwanga kusiri kwakaipa, asi iyo ndege iri panzvimbo yekutandarira, injini isingatarisirwi yakamiswa. Mutauri wenziyo uchiri akakwanisa kuisa mota kuisa mota panzvimbo isina dzimba. Asi panguva yekupedzisira ndege yakanamatira kune waya yemagetsi, uye mutyairi wacho akarova musoro wake nezvekusimbiswa kwesimbi.
Valery Chkalov kubva kukuvara kwakagamuchirwa akafa mumaawa maviri muchipatara cheBotkin. Mushure mekufa kwake, vatungamiriri vemuti vemufizi chirimwa chakasungwa uye chakabatwa nemhosva, uyo aipomerwa kubatanidzwa zvisina kunanga murufu rwemutyairi.
Zvakangodaro, vanhu vazhinji, kusanganisira vevaroorana uye nevana vakura, vakaramba vachifamba mamwe mimwe shanduro dzekufa kwemudiwa wavo.
Kupinza Dambudziko Valery Pavlovich kubva kuzororo, kukurumidza nekubva, kudzvinyirira kwehurumende - zvese izvi zvakakonzera kufungidzira kwekufa kwevanhu kubva kuNKVD, uye pamwe pacho, Joseph Stalin naLavrentia Beria.
Nhengo dzehurumende dzaigona kutyiwa, uye kwete pasina chikonzero chekuti vagari veSoviet, mutyairi mukuru achave anokosha kupfuura ivo.
Mukuyeuka kweValeria Chklov akaisa zvivakwa zvakawanda nezvivakwa, zita rake rinonzi maguta nemaguta. Uye, chokwadika, iyo ngano yeiyo imba yekuviga masajidhi mafirimu. Vazhinji vavo vanozivikanwa nevateereri, asi havasi vese vakatenderwa nemhuri.
Semuenzaniso, iyo yekupedzisira terevhizheni "Chkalov", apo Actor yeVoGeny Dyatlov akaridza basa guru, akaomeserwa nevanasikana veSoviet Union, iye achipomera mafambiro emufananidzo mukutsiva kwakakosha kwechokwadi chechokwadi.