Nhoroondo Yemunhu
Vampires, pamwe chete neZombes uye Werwolves, - Musoro waunofarira wemafirimu anoedza kutyisidzira vateereri uye kuitwa mufirimu "twibert" naRobert pattison naKristen Stewart.
Chokwadi, hapana zvigunwe zvakaringana kudzokorora huwandu hwefirimu kana zvinyorwa zvinoshanda, izvo zvinorondedzerwa nefangester. Asi iyo inonyanya kukosha vampire iyo kuverenga Dracula - Kutenda kune izvi, hunhu hwechiitiko cheBram Stoker akaonekwa seye calonical mifananidzo yeropa kugara murima izere uye kuvhima pane vasina mhosva.
Nhoroondo uye Prototype
Nyowani yeIrish uye munyori wenhau pfupi yePfupi wePram Stoker anga asiri iye wekutanga munyori wekupokana neVampire iyi yakarondedzerwa neChirungu jecus yemabhuku eItaly John William Polidori , kuunza vaverengi nenhau "Vampire" (1819).
Pfungwa yebasa rePhadori yakanga yadzoka mugore rine makore 1816, paaiperekedza Ishe George Baron parwendo kuenda kuEurope. Podries yakamira muSwitzerland, kwavakasangana naMary Helly uye nhetembo dzeChirungu dzePersi Beach Shelly.
Sezvo iyo 1816th inoratidzwa neKashoma uye Kunaya Kwemamiriro ekunze, Bayron naJohani Pharori vaifanira kugara kwenguva yakareba mu villadeati, vasiri kure nedziva. Mune imwe yeiyi Manheru echiChikunguru anotyisa padyo nePlace George, akakoka vanyori vakaungana kuti vanyore ngano dzeropa nyaya.
Mary Shelley akadzika nyaya nezvesayenzi kubva kuGeneva, akadzosera kurarama kubva pane imwe nyaya. Gare gare, aya manyoro akashandurwa kuve akakurumbira reRoma "Frankenstein, kana Promethehos yemazuva ano" (1831).
Ishe naIshe akaudzawo nyaya yake nekunyora chidiki chidiki pamusoro peAugustus Darwell. Asi ruchiri rugwaro rwakaramba zano rake, nepo comrade yake ikanhonga iyi pfungwa. Nekudaro, mushure mekuburitswa kwenyaya "Vampire", manyoro aya akasainwa nezita reBaron, uye ipapo zvakazoitika kuti Musiki wechokwadi webhuku raive Polydori, uyo akatendeuka monster muAristocrat.
Kana ari Bram Stoker, akatanga kushanda pabasa rake mumatsime a 1890. Kunyangwe munyori akaverengerwa nyaya yemuUtari waunoshanda naye - zvakaoma, asi zvinozivikanwa kuti pamberi pesimba reramangwana: murume wechikuru anobuda mubhokisi, nemudiwa wake, achitambanudzira huro yemukuru.
Mwanakomana wemunyori aireva kuti mufananidzo weDhunhu wakauya kuMusiki muchiroto: anonzi usiku akarota kutya nekutya mambo wemapampires. Uyezve, BRAMI akashanyira Gothic Scotsh Scotle Slane, uyo akasundira tenzi wePier kuti agadzire rima rakasviba. Munyori akafuridzira roman Sheridan le fanty "K99lla" (1872).
Pfungwa yebhuku reBhuku rakashandurwa rakachinjwa muzhizha ra 1890, paairambidza mutaundi reWitby, riri muChirungu County yeNorth Yorkshire. Ikoko, munyori akagumburwa kuraibhurari yemuno, ipo mumaoko ake pakanga paine ngano uye mabhawa eEast Europe nezve Mutongi weValhia - Vlad III yekudzingirira, anozivikanwa seVlad Dracula. Iyi inotakura korona uye yakava prototype yehunhu hukuru kubva mukunyorwa kwemusoro.
Chimiro chakadai, seketani, haina kukwanisa kukwezva kutarisa kwemunyori, nekuti halo inopararira pamuromo wedu, halo inopararira marudzi ese emhando dzinogona kuunza goosebumps paganda remunhu wese nevanhu vese.
Kana Dracula akaberekerwa pachiedza - hazvizivikanwe. Naizvozvo, masayendisiti anoratidza kuti izvi zvakaitika pakati pa142-1430 uye 1436. Mucheche wakazvarwa waisave meso anonakidza: Aiva nemeso akasviba, sekunge ane chirwere chakaringana, uye kumeso kwake kwakashongedzwa nemuromo wakadonhedzwa.
Nekudaro, maererano nendangariro dzevanhu venguva dzose, ishe weValhia haana kumbobvira afamba aine ruoko: Vanhu vakaudzwa ngano kuti maziso ake akakura akatonhora akaona mweya yevanhu kuburikidza. Vamwe vaireva kuti Dracula, pane kusapindirana, aive nechitarisiko chinokwezva uye aive murume ane mavara ane dema, kunge smin, ndege.
Nickname yeVlad Iii mubere kuna baba vake. Icho chokwadi ndechekuti vlad II zvaisanganisira kurongeka kwaKnight yedhiragoni, uyo akarwa neunyanzvi uye masosi. Uye zvakare, mubereki akavhara mari yemari nemufananidzo wemoto unopisa moto uye wakapfeka degonpon ine dhiragoni, ichiratidzira yake yehurongwa. Mukuwedzera, kubva kumutauro wechiRomania, izwi rekuti "Drac" rinoshandurwa se "madam".
Dracula inotonga nehukuru hwevalachia neguta guru reTargavette uye rakabhadhara mutero kune turks. Muna 1446, vertictices akaitwa nevarume vaHungari, nekuda kwekuti Ishe vanoteura musoro wavo, uye Hama Chapapapy akaviga vari vapenyu.
Masayendisiti anotenda kuti izvi zviitiko izvi zvave kuumbwa kwekuumbwa kwechimiro cheVlad III, iyo yakanzwa nezve mutongi ane hutsinye munhoroondo. Akave akakurumbira nezvekuchinja kwechitendero, pamwe chete neHurumende yeOttoman, kunyangwe iyo turks dzakabatsirwa Vlad III kwechinguva kuti vakunde chigaro chokunun'una mushure mekurwiswa kweHungary Ngano pamusoro penyaya dzekusazvibata cheni chaizvo, saka zvinova zvakaoma zvakanyanya kusiyanisa ngano kubva pachokwadi.
Merdar Valahia Turks Nicknamed Dambudziko, zvinoreva kuti "Colchet" mukududzika, nekuti kurwisa kwevakabatwa padanda kwaive kuuraya kwaDracula. Maererano neRumors, Vlad Wakasarudza Colas yakakomberedzwa: Akabatwa pasi pehuremu hwake akasviba, uye kusaguma kweCola hakuna kurwadzisa nhengo dzinokosha, uye nekudaro rufu rwakauya mumazuva mashoma chete. Zvinotaurwa kuti Vlad ii aida kuona kudya kwemanheru pamusoro pekurwadziwa kwekushamisika.
Pale kubva pakurasikirwa kwezvitunha zveropa zvakashongedzwa nemiganhu yevaAldaa, izvo zvavakanzi The Dracula vampire. Asi ruzivo rwakavimbika pamusoro pekuti Dracula yakanwa ropa revanhu harisi. Mukuwedzera, muzvikamu zveketani, kune dzimwe nguva dzine hutsinye: Aidhonza, akaraira zvipikiri mumusoro, sezvavaisabvisa mapundu vasati vasvika pamambo, uye vese vapemhi vakamukoka kumanheru ake , wobva wakiya, akarinzira, nekuti wakaneta, unotariswa navagere vagere.
Asi, kunyangwe kupokana kwechisikirwo, Vlad II akanzwika kumusha wake wehondo uye genius yekufunga kwemauto. Aigona kukunda mauto kupfuura vanhu vazhinji vevavengi ve "ivo vakadana cheni ye" mwanakomana waDhiyabhorosi "uye vakatotenda kuti Dracala aive atengesa mweya waLucifer uye akashandisa tsika dzemashiripiti.
BRAM STOKER, akafuridzirwa nemutongi ane hutsinye, akapedza bhuku rake anongova nemakore manomwe, kudzidza vanhu vemuno nguva yese iyi. Asi zvakakodzera kutaura kuti ruvel "Dracula" haisi iyo biography yeketani, asi inoshanda yakazvimirira inoshanda. Ndosaka vamwe vatsvagiri vasinganyanye muridzi weValash yekorona nedhirafu kubva mubhuku raIrish.
Iri bhuku rakaunza kureurura uye bhuku rekukudzwa, asi panguva iyoyo vakaramba vasina nguva refu, Satani Satani "(1895) akasunungurwa, izvo zvinofarirwa nekuzivikanwa kwebhuku rebhuku rebhuku.
Zvakangodaro, iyo Bram Roman Sitoker, iyo "Encyclopedia yeVampires", yakapa kukurudzira nzira itsva iri munyika yemabhuku, nekuti ndiye aiziva archetypical vampire-aristocrat anogara mudunhu rerima. NOKUTI NEZVEIPENYU hweropa hweropa hwakava hwakakosha, uye munyori iye amene akawana boka revateveri.
Mufananidzo weDRACHURE
Stocker yakatsanangura iyo Dracula, sezvo murume akafa akafa kubva kuTransylvania. Kuverenga kwaive murume anoshingaira. Kuti uende kuEngland, akaverenga mabhuku akakodzera, akatenga mabhuku nemagazini, uye akadzidzawo mutauro usiri akaomarara. Vampire yakaungana kuti itenga nzvimbo muLondon, asi zvisati zvaitika kuti aifanira kunge akawana gweta. Asi Gweta Jonathan Hacker haana kana kufungidzira kuti mutengi wechiRomania aive asiri mupfumi, asi chimiro chaicho, kuda kudanana neropa revanhu.
Hacker akasvika munhare yeDRACULA, uye muridzi weimba estate akatanga kuve nesimba guru kwazvo, akavhara masuo ane njodzi kuti dambudziko ringadai asina kumboitika muenzi, uye zvakare akazvimiririra zvinhu zvakakomberedza makamuri. Kutaura zvazviri, Dracula akauya nehurongwa hwekunyepedzera, achihwanda pasi pemasvomhu wehunyengeri: Iyo Vampire yaida kupa Jonathan kune yakabvaruka kune vaviri vakasuwa shamwari. Zvekudya kwemanheru, gweta rakaratidzwa huku yakagochwa, saladi, chizi uye bhodhoro rekare turkey waini. Dracula akaramba kujoina tafura, achiti halecker:
"Ndinovimba iwe unondinzwira tsitsi kana ndikasakugadzirira iwe kambani: Ini ndatove ndakadya uye ndisati ndambodya."Kana vari kutaridzika, kuverenga Dracula kwaive kwakachenuruka semarble, vaive nechiso chesimba uye chepakutanga, mhino dzakatetepa nemhino dzinoshamisa, hurefu uye dema. Uye zvakare, iyo Dracula yakanga ine maoko enyama neminwe pfupi uye zvipikiri refu, pamwe nemeno akapinza echando-chena.
Nenzira, iyo Stocker yakapa munhu anopesana neanotadza simba. Van Helsing vairatidza kuti Dracula yakapihwa simba revanhu makumi maviri uye rinogona kunge rakanyudzwa nevapikisi vari voga.
Chiverengera kugona mashandiro emweya: Kwakakwanisa kufamba nepamusoro pevhu nepamusoro pekumhanya, kunogona kudzora mhuka uye kushanduka mavari, vakaraira zvinhu uye vakachinja kuva fog. Pakanga pasina girazi rimwe muimba yaDracula, nekuti vampire haina kuratidzwa mariri.
Mukomana wake akabata ushe pachikamu chake, sechiedza chezuva chaakaita vasina simba. Uyezve, Jonathan akataura kuti muridzi werefu haatorerwe mimvuri uye haakwanisi kubviswa kubva kuguva rake amene, saka maoko emakuva anogara achichengeta.
Vatambi
Kekutanga, mufananidzo wekuvengwa Gariki, Mvura Tsvene uye Silver Bullets yakatamba Mutambi weHungarian Paul Asconas mufirimu rimwe chete, iro rakaburitswa muna 1921. Asi vafundisi havazokwanisi kunakidzwa nemutambo wekuita Paul, sezvo iyi firimu yakarasika: mafuremu mashoma chete anogona kuwanikwa paInternet.
Kupfuurirazve, muna 1922, museve firimu friedrich wilhelm murnuru "nosferatua. Symphony yekutyisa "(mazita evatambi makuru aifanira kutsiviwa nekuti studio haina kukwanisa kuwana kodzero yekutaura). Basa guru reGondo reGigle rakaitwa naMax shrek. Chokwadi, mafambiro efirimu haana kutevedzera mufananidzo weropa kubva kubasa rebaba: muridzi weimba yekutandarira anoonekwa pamberi pevafundisi veTV yeTV, Ered uye pasina maradha.
Asi zvikuru asingakanganwiki cinematic dracula akava uya hwakazadzika American mutambi Bhera Lugoshi. Muimbi aiziva kuti kutora chikamu mufirimu paPhivha yeIrish kwaizoita kuti ive mbiri, saka akaenda kune basa rake rakanyanya uye akadzokorora alkist, achiramba kushandiswa kwemakethi. Mukuita kweLugoshi, zvese zvaive zvakanaka: zvese zviso zvenyaya nepurasitiki, uye nzira yekutaura. Akagumisa chibvumirano neakavanzika uye akatamba mune akati wandei vampire mafirimu (Dhebheti - "Dracula" (1931).
Iyo yekutanga ruvara firimu nezve Dracula yakatungamirirwa neRoman Polanski muna 1967, basa reVampire akaenda kuFerdi Mayna. Iyi firimu yakadzoserwa nekadzi uye yaive mhando yeVampire Fairy Tale.
Muna 1970 na1973, mutambi Christopher Lee akasarudzika muGirafu, aine nyeredzi munhau inotyisa "anoverenga Dracula" uye "Dhiabhoni Dracula" naPetro Kasbury.
Muna 1992, vatungamiriri vakaedza kuunza Kinocartin kubasa zvakanyanya sezvinobvira nebasa rebetsba, vachibvisa "Draculla Bram Stoker" tepi. Charcheni yeVlad yakaonekwawo mumutambo weGothic: Iyo nyaya yetepi inotanga neyakareba 1462, apo Vlad Basarab inoenda kuhondo neTurks. Asi vavengi vakatumira nhau yenhema, kuti mutongi waAbhaa akaurayiwa.
Saka, mukadzi (Winon mutasvi) weanokunda cums hupenyu hwekuzviuraya. Dracula anoramba Mwari uye anova vampire, vachipika kubva munyika yevakafa uye kutsiva kufa kwemudiwa wake. Mitambo mikuru yakaenda kuKeanu Rivzu, Monica Bellucci, Gary Oldman, Richard E. Grant, Anthony Hopkins nedzimwe nyeredzi dzeinema.
Makore matatu gare gare, firimu reChediki " Varifambikwazve Leslie pachigadziko akataura: Peter Mcnikol, Stephen Weber, Amy Zambek naHarvey Korman.
Muna 2004, muenzanisi wekuita basa rekuita "van goest" rakaburitswa, kuudza vampire murwi. Hugh Jackman akaridza hunhu hukuru, uye basa raDracera rakawana richard roxburg. Mugore rimwe chetero, chati yakatamba shtery inotsungirira, ichionekwa muToller "Blade: Utatu".
Nenzira, Johnny Depp, pasina kuoma zvakanyanya, aigona kuridza hunhu hukuru kubva kuBram Stoker's Nopper, sezvo mutambi aive nechiitiko chekuzvarwa patsva mune vampire mune firimu nguva yakavezwa "Glason". Brad Pittu naTom Kruz, zvakare, yaive nerombo rakanaka kuti uedze pamufananidzo wechisikwa chinotyisa mufirimu pane iyo Luve neAnn Rice "Bvunzurudza neVampire" (1994).
Mafirimu
Varidzi vakaona zvinopfuura makumi matanhatu vemufirimu pamusoro pamambo wemapampires, uye nhamba yeaya mafirimu ikukura. Mukuwedzera, Dracula anowanzoonekwa mumapapu ane mweya seCheboo uye mune yekutungamira basa, uye vadikanwi veJapan Anime vanoshamwaridzana neayo muAllard kubva kuManga "vanoyera". Rondedzero yemafirimu akanyanya kufarirwa:
- 1922 - "Nosferaper. Horror symphony
- 1931 - "Dracula" (Bela Lugoshi)
- 1936 - "Mukunda Dracula" (Gloria Holdents)
- 1943 - "mwanakomana waDracula" (Lon Cheney ML.)
- 1948 - "Abbott And Kostello Anosangana NaFrankenstein" (Bela Lugoshi)
- 1965 - "Dracula: Rima Rinzvimbo Yokuchinda" (Christopher Lee)
- 1967 - "Vampire Ball" (Ferdi Mayi)
- 1968 - "Dracuera anobuda kubva muguva" (Christopher Lee)
- 1974 - "Ropa reDhaula" (UDO Cyrus)
- 1992 - "Dracula Bram Stoker" (Gary Oldman)
- 1995 - "Dracula: akafa uye kugutsikana" (Leslie Nielsen)
- 2004 - van gobsing (Richard Roxburg)
- 2004 - "Blade 3: Utatu" (Dominic Perstell)
- 2014 - "Dracula" (Ruka Evans)
Mabhuku
- 1819 - "Vampire" (John William Pollidori)
- 1897 - "Dracula" (BRABRA STROKER)
- 1912 - "Vampires. Kubva kuMhuri Chinyorwa cheChinyorwa cheDracula-Cardi "(Bonon Olchevrhry)
- 1912 - "DRACULALALTEN" (deiqre Stoker, Yen Holt)
- 2004 - "Dracula" (mates cossack)
- 2007 - "Muchinda weVampires" (Ginn kalogridis)
- 2010 - "Dracula Distry" (James Reese)
- 2011 - "Kureurura kweDRACULA" (Elena Artamonika)
- 2013 - "Era Dracula" (Kim Newman)
- 2013 - "Dracula murudo" (Karin Essex)
Chokwadi Zvinonakidza
- Christopher Lee, uyo akatora chinonakidza Dracula, kwete pasina kusuruvara, akaona kuti hapana mumwe murume kunyange makore angave anokwanisa kudzora belo lugoshi lugoshi lugoshi, uyo airota achiona chirevo chemavara. Lugoshi yakakurumbira zvekuti vateveri vakapa rugwaro runoridza mhere waaizosangana naye. Bela akapa christpoler kopi yekushongedza, uye muteveri, kuitira kuti ape mutero kune iye akatangira, akaoneka mune imwe nguva mune yega yega firimu nezve Dracula.
- Iwe unogona kuuraya vampire ne garlic uye yakatsaurwa sirivheri. Asi zvakare mukurwira kwemhuka yeropa kuchabatsira Tenenta, Vanonyana mumoyo. Nekudaro, van Helsing vakapokana kuti nzira iyi yakanga isina kukwana, uye inorayirwa kuwedzera kune musoro wese kune monster. Uye zvekuti ropa rirege kubuda mubhokisi, rakakodzera kuisa davi rechiuno.
- Vampires akazviratidza kwete muRomanian ngano, semuenzaniso, vanhu vanoshushwa vakakwira navegono vaifarira kufunga nezviyo uye sawdust. Mumwe nemumwe akavigwa, akavigwa nenzira isiriyo: kudzivisa kushandura chitunha kuita vampire, kurovererwa kunofanira kuiswa mubhokisi uye kudurura sawdust. Iyo yekupedzisira inodiwa kuitira kuti, kumuka, iyo vampire yakatanga kufunga sawdust: Monster inonakidza inoshandisa basa iri husiku hwese uye kufa mambakwedza.
- Hutsinye hwehutsinye hutch charene hwakava nemhutu pamusoro pevanhu vake. Valash mutongi akakwanisa kuderedza kuba. Zvinoenderana nengano, iyo ndiro yegoridhe yakanga imire pedyo netsime, uye zvese zvaishuvira zvinogona kumwa mvura. Asi funga nezvekutakura ndiro dzinokosha dzisingabvi kumba, hapana munhu akashinga, nekuti kudyarwa pane kuverenga haisi iyo yakanyanya kufa. Zvinotaurwa kuti kunyangwe mushure mekufa kweketani, ndiro yakanga yakamira panzvimbo.
- BRAM akazadza bhuku nezvinutsinye: Semuenzaniso, hapana munhu anozviruma, iye ane simba rake, achiva hunyanzvi hwehunyanzvi hwaSoromoni, madhimoni akatorwa nadhiwedhi.