Biography
Marina Ivanovna Tsvetaeva - Nhetera yeRussia, mushanduri, munyori wezvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa zvezvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa zvinonetsa. Inotariswa imwe yeiyo yakakosha nhamba dziri munhetembo dzepasirese yezana ramakore rechi20. Nhasi vanodaidzwa kuti Shittoty akadaro nhetembo dzeMarina Tsvaeeva nezveRudo, se "yakagutsa mbiru inonyadzisa ..." Handiiti Home - ndakauya kumba kwangu ... " nevamwe vazhinji.
Zuva rekuzvarwa raMarina Tsvetaeva vanowira pareda kuzororo reOrthodox rekuyeuka kwemupostori Jogoslov. Ino mamiriro enhau gare gare anodzokorora achiratidza mumabasa ake. Musikana muMoscow akaberekerwa, mumhuri yePurofiti Moscow University, mudzidzisi wezvemitambo weThivhi vladimirovich Tsveta, uye mukadzi wake wechipiri Mariya, mudzidzi weNicist Pana Baba, Marina aive neTurukiniki-turakiti-turnina uye Siskani Valeria, pamwe naanun'una wake Anastasia. Zvisikwa zvekusika kwevabereki vanoisa chigunwe chemunwe uye mwana weTstoeva. Amai vakadzidzisa mutambo wavo piyano uye vakarota kuona mwanasikana nemuimbi, uye Baba vake vakanyora rudo rwemabhuku emhando yepamusoro uye mitauro yekune dzimwe nyika.
Izvo zvakaitika kuti Marina naAmai vaiwanzorarama kunze kwenyika, saka vakataura vakasununguka kwete muRussia, asiwo muFrench neGerman. Uyezve, apo Murina ane makore matanhatu emari Tsvevaeva akatanga kunyora nhetembo, yakaumbwa pane zvese zvitatu, uye yakawanda yezvose - muFrench. Dzidzo Harher Funter Nhetembo dzakatanga kugashira muMoscow Vakadzi Vakadzi veGymnasium, uye gare gare akadzidza muimba yevaeni yevasikana muSwitzerland neGermany. Pazera ramakore gumi nematanhatu, akaedza kuteerera nzira hurukuro iri pamabhuku eStarrancessian muParis Horbonne, asi kudzidziswa hakuna kupedza kudzidza ikoko.
Pheetess Tsvaeheva akatanga kuburitsa nhetembo dzake, akatanga kunyatsotaura nedenderedzwa zviratidzo zveMoscow uye anoshingairira kutora chikamu muhupenyu hwemazwi ezvinyorwa zveManyorero uye studio pasi peimba yekuburitsa "Musage". Nenguva isipi hondo yevagari vanotanga. Makore aya ave akaomesesa pane tsika yemukadzi wechidiki. Chikamu chedare renzvimbo chena uye izvo zvitsvuku zvaasina kugamuchira uye hauna kubvuma. Muchirimo cha1922, Marina Olegovna anowana mvumo yekutama kubva kuCzech Republic, kwaienda nemurume wake, Sergey Efroni, akashanda mumauto machena, uye iye zvino akadzidza yunivhesiti.
Kwenguva yakareba, hupenyu hwaMarina tsvetaheeva hwanga husina kubatana chete naPrague, asiwo naBerlin, uye mumakore matatu mhuri yake yakakwanisa kusvika kuguta reFrance. Asi ipapo, mufaro, mukadzi haana kuwana. Chinhu chinoshungurudza chevanhu vakaita nezvazvo kuti murume wake aipindurana mukurangana kuzorwa nemwanakomana weshumba trotsky uye kuti akadzorerwa nehurumende yeSoviet. Mukuwedzera, Marina akaziva kuti muMweya wake waisave mugari, uye Russia hariregei pfungwa nemwoyo yake.
Nhetembo
Kuunganidzwa kwekutanga kwaMarina Tsvateeva inonzi "Manheru Album" akaona mwenje muna 1910. Anonyanya kusanganisira zvisikwa zvake zvakanyorwa mumakore echikoro. Kukwira kwakakurumidza kusimbisa nhetembo dzakakwezva vanyori vevanyori, valimtian Volosin vakava vanofarira, murume waAnna Akhmatova Pane mafungu ebudiriro, marina anonyora chinyorwa chekutanga cheProsaica "mashiripiti mundima brysov". Nenzira, chokwadi chinoshamisa ndechekuti mabhuku ekutanga aakaburitsa mari yavo.
Nenguva isipi "mashiripiti emapuranga" aMarina Tsvaeeva akaburitswa, nhetembo yake yechipiri denderedzwa, saka basa rinotevera rakabudiswa - "remabhuku maviri aya." Nguva pfupi kusandukira isati yasvika, iyo Biography yeMarina Tsvadeva yakabatana neguta reAlexandrov, kwaakauya kuzoshanyira hanzvadzi yeAnastasia newawakaroorana naye. Kubva pane maonero ezvekusika, nguva ino yakakosha pakuti izere nekuzvitsaurira kune vadiwa vanhu uye nzvimbo dzinodiwa uye gare gare vakatumidzwa mazita "Alexander zhizha tsvene." Ipapo ndipo apo mukadzi akagadzira nzira dzakakurumbira dzenhetembo "kuna Akhmatova" uye "nhetembo dzinenge Moscow".
Munguva yehondo yevagari, Marina yakapinda nyanzvi yekufamba chena, kunyangwe, sezvataurwa pamusoro apa, kazhinji, chikamu chenyika pane mamiriro ezvinhu emhando isina kutenderwa. Nenguva iyoyo, anonyora nhetembo dzekuunganidza "Swan Stan", pamwe nenhetembo huru "Tsar-musikana", "Egorushka", "pane Red Kone" uye Rwiyo Rwerudo. Mushure mekufambisa kunze kwenyika, nhetembo inokwana basa mbiri rakakura kwazvo - "nhetembo yegomo" ne "nhetembo yekupedzisira", ichava pakati pesimba rake. Asi mazhinji emavhesi emwaka wekukwirisa haana kuburitswa. Iyo yekupedzisira yakaburitswa muunganidzwa "mushure meRussia", iyo yaisanganisira zvinyorwa zveMarina Tsvetaeva kusvika 1925. Kunyangwe aisambomira kunyora.
Vatorwa vakawedzera kufarirwa prose yeTsvetaeva - ndangariro dzeRussia dzenzvimbo dzeRussia, Mikhail Kuchmin, "Bhuku Rangu Rangu," Amai nemimhanzi "" "imba yekare" uye vamwe. Asi nhetembo haina kutenga, kunyangwe Marina akanyora kutenderera kwakanaka kweMayakovsky, iyo "dema museum" iyo yekuzviuraya kweiyo Soviet nhetembo. Rufu rweVladimir Vladimirirovich rufu rweVladimich
Hupenyu Hwako
Nemurume wake wemunguva yemberi, Sergei Efron wenhetembo akasangana muna 1911 mumba yeshamwari yake yeMandelilian volososin muKoktebel. Mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare, vakava murume wake nemukadzi, uye munguva pfupi mwanasikana wavo mukuru Ariadne akaoneka. Asi Marina aive mukadzi ainyanya kufarira uye panguva dzakasiyana, vamwe varume vakatora nemoyo wake. Semuenzaniso, iyo huru yeRussia mudetembi yebindu pasteva, uyo TsvataEva aive neukama hwakawanda hwekuremekedzwa hwemakore gumi, husina kupera kutama.
Mukuwedzera, muPrague, nhetembo dzakatanga dutu remhepo negweta uye sculptor konstantin rozvich. Kubatana kwavo kwaisvika mwedzi mitanhatu, uye naMarina, vakazvitsaurira vadikamwi, nerudo rusingaperi "nhetembo yegomo", vanobva vamubatsira kuti vazive chipfeko chemuchato, nekudaro tichiisa pfungwa muhukama hwerudo .
Asi hupenyu hwomunhu woMarina Tsvetae hwaive hwakabatana kwete chete nevanhu. Kunyangwe kusati kwatama, muna 1914 akasangana muzvinyorwa zvekuverenga nenhamba uye mushanduri Sophia Gamenk. Vanamai vakakurumidza kuona kunzwira tsitsi kune mumwe nemumwe, vakakurumidza kuchinja kuva chimwe chinhu zvimwe. Marina akazvipira kune inodiwa kutenderera kwenhetembo "musikana", mushure mokunge hukama hwavo hwabuda mumumvuri. Efroni aiziva nezve bhuku romukadzi wake, nehasha zvakanyanya, kugutsa zvinhu izvi, naKsvetaeva vakamanikidzwa kutiza kubva kuSofia. Nekudaro, muna 1916 akapatsanurwa kubva pamutambo, anodzokera kune mumwe wake uye mwanasikana wake Irina anobereka mukadzi wake. NezveKubatanidza kwake kusingazivikanwe kwenhetembo kuchazoti gare gare kuti mukadzi anoda mukadzi, asi vamwe varume chete vanochema. Zvakangodaro, rudo rweMarina Garina rwakaonekwa se "njodzi yekutanga muhupenyu hwake."
Mushure mekuzvarwa kwemwanasikana wechipiri, Marina Tsvetaeva anotarisana nemutsara mutema muhupenyu. Revolution, kupukunyuka murume kune imwe nyika, kuda kwakanyanya, nzara. Mwanasikana mukuru weAriadne akarwara kwazvo, uye VaTsvetaeva vanopa vana kunzvimbo yokugara mumusha weKuntovo pedyo neMoscow. Ariadna akapora, asi anorwara naIrina akafa aine makore matatu ezera.
Gare gare, apedza kuunganidzwazve nemurume wake muPragu, nhetembo dzakazvara mwana wechitatu - mwanakomana waGeorge, uyo akadanwa "mumhuri. Iye mukomana airwadziwa uye asina kusimba, zvisinei, mukati meHondo Yenyika II akaenda kumberi, kwaakafira muzhizha ra1944. Georgy efron akavigwa muguva rakawanda muVitebsk dunhu. Nekuda kwekuti kunyange neAriadna kana George aive nevana vavo, saka nhasi hapana zvizvarwa zvakananga nezvekunaka kukuru.
Rufu
Mukukudza, Marina nemhuri yake vaigara muurombo. Murume anotengesaeee aigona kusashanda nekuda kwechirwere ichi, Ariadne akaedza zvizere, mari yemberi, asi muchitova zvavo yaive mari yekushomeka yezvinyorwa uye zvinyorwa izvo Marina Tsvene ndokunyora. Akadaidza kuti munhu anononoka kufa kubva nzara. Naizvozvo, vese vemumhuri vanogara vachishandukira kumumiriri weSoviet nechikumbiro chekudzoka kumusha kwavo.
Muna 1937, anowana kodzero yeAriadne, mushure memwedzi mitanhatu inoenda kuMoscow muchivande kuMoscow, sezvo kuFrance akatyisidzira kusungwa kwake sepfungwa yezvematongerwo enyika. Mushure mechinguva, kuyambuka zviri pamutemo muganho waMarina neMwanakomana wake. Asi kudzoka kwakachinja kuva dambudziko. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, iyo NKVD inosunga mwanasikana, uye iye nemurume wake nerudzi. Uye kana Ariadne mushure mekufa kwaJoseph Stalin, pakanga pasina makore anopfuura gumi nemashanu, yakagadzirwazve, ipapo Efron akapfurwa muna Gumiguru 1941.
Nekudaro, mukadzi wake aisaziva nezvazvo. Hondo huru yemunyika yakati yatanga, mukadzi ane mwanakomana wechidiki akaenda kunobva kuguta reElauga paRwizi rweKame. Kuti uwane kunyoreswa kwechinguvana, nhetembo dzinomanikidzwa kuwana basa rekushungurudzika. Chirevo chake chaive chakanyorwa Nyamavhuvhu 28, 1941, uye mazuva matatu gare gare, VaTsvetaeva vakauraya kuzviuraya, vachinakidzwa mumba maive vakatsunga naGeorge. Marina akasiya zvinhu zvitatu zvekuzviuraya. Akataura mwanakomana wake mumwe wavo uye akakumbira ruregerero, uye mune vamwe vaviri vakakwidza vanhu nechikumbiro chekuchengeta mukomana.
Zvinonakidza kuti Marina Tsvetaeva aingoenda kuInternational, shamwari refu boris paskana amubatsire mumitauro yezvinhu, iyo yakatengwa zvakanyanya netambo yekubatanidza zvinhu zvinosunga. Mumwe murume akarumbidzwa kuti akatora tambo yakasimba kudaro - "Kunyange akarembera pasi" ... Ndiye akazova chishandiso chekuzviuraya chaMarinaivna. Ini ndakaviga TsvaTeva muElauga, asi sezvo hondo ichienda, iyo chaiyo yekuviga inoramba isiriyo kusvika zvino. Tsika dzeOrthodox hadzibvumiri kuzviuraya, asi bhishopi mutongo unogona kusarudzika. Uye tateguru Alexy II muna 1991, pamakore makumi mashanu nerufu rwerufu, wakatora mukana uyu. Rini yechechi yakaitwa muChechi yeMoscow yekukwira kwaIshe muNikitsky Gedhi.
Mukurangarira nhetembo huru yeRussia, iyo Museum yaMarina Tsvtaheva yakavhurwa, uye hapana kana imwe. Kune imba yakafanana yekurangarira mumaguta eTire, Korolev, Ivanov, Feodosia nedzimwe nzvimbo dzakawanda. Pamabhangi eRwizi rweOkey, chifananidzo chebasa reBoris Myser yakagadzwa. Kune zvivakwa zvekutara uye mune mamwe maguta eRussia, pedyo nekune kunze kwenyika.
Kuunganidzwa
- 1910 - Manheru Album
- 1912 - Mashiripiti MplEn
- 1913 - Kubva pamabhuku maviri
- 1920 - Tsar-Maiden
- 1921 - Swan Stan
- 1923 - Psyche. Romance
- 1924 - Nhetembo dzemo
- 1924 - Nhetembo YeMugumo
- 1928 - Pashure peRussia
- 1930 - Siberia.