Biography
Nikita Khrushchevchev ndeimwe yenhamba dzinopokana munhoroondo yeUSSR. Iye aive "muridzi wemwanakomana", achienda kumusoro kwevakuru, izvo zvisina kudzivirira zvematongerwo enyika kuti vapemberere kubudirira mu "kuronganwa kwenharaunda yeSoviet mushure mekufa kwakarongeka kwaJoseph kuitwazve kwaJoseph. Nikita Sergeevich akave anopenya shanduko yeSoviet Union, iko kukundikana uye kugona izvo uye nhasi vava kukurukura nezvevanyori venhau.
Nikita Sergeevach Krushchev akaberekwa muna Kubvumbi 15, 1894 mumusha weKalinovka Kurse mumhuri yemugodhi yemanyowa. Nikita kuve mudiki haakwanise kunzi anofara, nekuti kubva pazera rechiri mucheche chitsauko cheUSSr vaifanira kushanda kubatsira vabereki kuti vaderedze.
Dzidzo yekutanga yeKhrushchev yakagashirwa muchechi yeChechi-Parish, kwaakadzidza. Pazororo rezhizha, mukomana akashanda somufudzi, uye munguva yechando akadzidza kunyora nekuverenga. Mukutanga kwa1900s, mhuri yemubatanidzwa weNyika yakatamira kuna Yuzku, uko Nikita Sergeevich Sergevich ichitanga kushanda pane chirimwa-kuvaka muchina kubva mumakore gumi nematanhatu. Pano, jaya racho rakadzidziswa ruzha. Mushure memakore mana, Nikita akatamira kunoshanda mumugodhi wemugodhi uye akabatana neBolshevic Party, mumapoka eiyo aipinda muhondo yevagari.
Muna 1918, Nikita Khrushchev akagamuchira nhengo munhengo dzeCommunist, uye mumakore maviri akave musoro wezvematongerwo enyika weDonbas Rutchenkovsky mine. Panguva iyoyo, mutungamiri wenguva yemberi weSoviet Union anopinda mudhirowa inyama kuIndia uye mumadziro eInstitution Sangano, iyo inotibvumidza kugamuchira musangano wePartsioncet.
Muna 1927, Nikita Sergeyevich aive muCueMe chaiyo yezvematongerwo enyika ". Akaona kugona kwezvematongerwo enyika muKhrushchev akakonzera basa rake rinokurumidza.
Zvematongerwo enyika
Boka rakakomba rezvematongerwo enyika dzeNikita yeNikita Khrushchev anotanga muna 1928. Ipapo Kaganovich akasimuka kuhofisi yepakati yeiyo Communist Party yeUkraine. Muna ikoku, Nikita Sergeyevich aifanira kupinda muMoscow Academy, seechipiri dzidzo yakanga isina kukwana iyo republican offerial.
Pakushandura kweKhrushev akatanga kuita basa rekuita zvebato uye munguva pfupi akatungamira wezvematongerwo enyika yeInstitution, sezvo mutemo wake waikwezva pane maitiro ekudzidzisa. Kujekesa uye kushingairira kweNikita Sergeyevich mumatare emapato akaendeswa nevakuru veSoviet, uye pasina nguva refu akagadzwa nemunyori wechipiri weGomo reMoscow reMoscow reMoscow. Muna 1934, Khrushchev anova musoro wesangano reMoscow, rachinja LASQUQUARDERS A pane ino post.
Muna 1938, Nikita Khrushchev akadzokera kuUkraine uye agadza munyori wekutanga weUkraine SSR. Achitambira yekutanga "" Trophy official ", Nikita Sergeevich akatanga kudzorera hofisi yekuKuronga muUkraine, iyo yakaparadzwa nekudzokorora kwa1937. Panguva imwe chete, akazviratidza seunhare asina tsitsi ne "vavengi" - vanhu zviuru zana neumanani neWestern Ukraine, vakatumira madzishe avo, chaiko pamusoro pegore.
Kwemakore ehurumende yeUkraine, Khrushchev akave nehondo huru yemuchadenga, panguva iyo wezvematongerwo enyika asina kugara akarongwa. Akatungamira kufamba kwepamutemo kuseri kwemutsara wekumberi uye kusvika kumusoro wehondo, aimbojaira zita remukuru weLieutenant
Hondo yapera, Nikita Khrushchev akaramba ari mutungamiri weUkraine SSR, asi muna 1949 akaenda kune anowedzera - akaendeswa kuMoscow kune chinzvimbo chemusoro wesangano rakakura reUSSR.
Muna 1953, Nikita Khrushchev akasvika kune vertex yesimba. Zvino, nyika yose ikanyura mukuchema muchiitiko cheStalin, iye pamwe chete naMasitari Zhukov, vruvaoo kurova vanokwikwidza musoro weUSSR. Khrushchev akabvisa iyo Plain Challenger kuenda kunzvimbo yemusoro wemubatanidzwa weBeriya Beria, uyo achipomera muvengi wevanhu uye akapfura espionge.
MunaSeptember 1953, Khrushchev akanyorwa munyori wedare reCPS CENTE, iyo yakava turnitende isingatarisirwi yehuwandu hweSoviet.
Makore eKhrushchev Kutonga kwakaratidzirwa nekureba kwakakura uye madhiri muhupfumi hweSoviet Union. Kuremekedzwa kwevakaita "chigadzirwa" cheSoviet vakasarudza kuita "mambokadzi wemasango" cerria huru yeUSSr, akaraira chibage chero kupi, kunyangwe iyo musimboti yaisakwanisa kukohwa, semuenzaniso , muSiberia.
Pakati pe "zvikwangwani", iyo Khrushchev shanduko inokurova iyo inobva kwazviri kuti isazivikanwe. Ivo vane zita "KHHushchev thaw" uye vaishanda zvakanyanya nekuwisirwa kwehunhu hwehunhu hwaStalin.
Shanduro dzeNikita Khrushchev inoonekwa nekubviswa kwemhedzisiro yehunhu hwekudzvinyirira kwe1930s kusununguka kwezvematongerwo enyika Hupenyu hweruzhinji uye hwezvematongerwo enyika.
Nekudaro, mutemo wehupfumi weKhrushchev waisave kutadza, asi njodzi yekubatana. Mutungamiriri weUSSR akafunga "Ongorora America" uye wedzera zviratidzo zvehupfumi zvenyika kakawanda, izvo zvakatungamira mukudonha kusingatarisirwi mukurima uye nzara.
Panguva imwecheteyo, pakati pezvakakwaniriswa neKhrushchev, zvinokwanisika kucherechedza budiriro isingabudirire - akakurumidza kuvaka uye akasimudza mamirioni evanogara vagari vemuzvivakwa vavo. Apartments "Khrushchev" uye ikagara zvidiki uye zvisina kubudirira, asi dzimwe nguva akadarika nyaradzo yeanotsigira, iyo yakagutsikana nehuwandu hwevanhu.
Zvakare KHHushchev akatanga kuvandudzwa kwendhudhudhanhatiro indasitiri - mukati memakore ekutonga kwake, yekutanga satellite munzvimbo yakatangwa uye ndebvu yakabatana yeYuri Gagarin yakaitwa. Mukuwedzera, Nikita Sergeevich akawana mbiri uye seatan'i. Akasunungura Censorship mumabhuku, akatanga chirongwa cheThezhi kune vazhinji vemubatanidzwa uye akaisa indasitiri yefirimu. Mafirimu ekutanga eKhrushchev thaw "Chitubu paZarechnaya Street", "Manheru", "murume weAmphibian" nevamwe.
Sangano rekunze reKhrushchev rakatungamira kuzosimbisa hondo inotonhora, asi panguva imwe chete iyoyo yakasimbisa mamiriro eSoviet Union muInternational Arna. Chekutanga pane zvese, auya musimba, Khrushchev akatanga kusikwa kwesangano reWarsaw chibvumirano (ATs), iyo yaifanirwa kumira mubatanidzwa weNorth atlantic yemasimba eWestern. Chibvumirano chitsva chakabatana neUSSR, nyika dzeEast Europe neGDR. Kwapera gore, kusimuka kwekutanga kurwisa simba reSoviet rakaitika muHungary.
Muna 1957, nekuraira kweKhrushchev, mutambo worworo rwehudiki uye vadzidzi zvakaitika muguta guru reUSSr, uko vatori vechikamu kubva kune nyika 131 vakaungana. Chiitiko ichi chine chekuita nemufananidzo wemunhu anodzikisira mumaziso evatorwa, asi kuderera kwekunetsana kurarama nehukama neUnited States hakuna kubatsira.
Muna 1961, dambudziko rezvematongerwo enyika rakadanwa kuGermany, rakaita kuti kubuda kweiyo Berlin Wall. Mugore rimwe chetero, musangano wega weKhrushchev naJohn Kennedy zvakaitika. Mugore reUnited States uye USSR yakachinjana kutyisidzira - America yakatumira magiya ehondo yeSoviet Union, muTurkey, uye USSR - muCuba. Dambudziko reCaribbean ratanga, rakadarika muhondo yenyika yechitatu. Asi kutaurirana kwemadhinda kwakabatsira kubvisa kusawirirana. Muna 1963, mativi ese maviri akasaina chibvumirano pane kurambidzwa kwemibvunzo yenyukireya mumhepo, nzvimbo uye pasi pemvura.
Kuvira kwezuva kwebasa rezvematongerwo enyika nikita Khrushchevchevedzwa muna 1964. Kupesana nemhedzisiro yekukanganisa uye miscalculation, zvematongerwo enyika yakabviswa pasimba revamwe maCommunist. Leonid Brezhnev yakauya kuzomutsiva. Nikita Sergeevich akazova chete mutungamiri weSoviet uyo akasiya chinzvimbo cheChitsauko cheUSSr mupenyu.
Nikita Khrushchev yakapinda munhoroondo yeSoviet mumufananidzo wematongerwo enyika. Zvakangodaro, kunyange anopfuura makore makumi manomwe ekupfuura bhodhi rake reUSSR, mitsara ine mapapiro emapapiro anoramba ari pamiromo yenharaunda dzazvino. "Takaviga" uye "Mai" Kuzkin "nikita Khrushchev anoyeukwa zvakanaka muUSA, kubva munzira yekuMadokero, mutungamiri weSoviet akapiwa" kutyisidzira ". Mutsara wechipiri wakaunza nhume dzeAmerica Richard Nixon kuti vhiringidzwe, nekuti kushandurwa kwezana remashoko aya echiito kwakanzwika: "Amai vaKMairi."
Uye pikicha yaNikita Khrushchev, ichitsveta shangu, yakatogamuchira chimiro cheCaricature muWestern Media. Kunyangwe gare gare mufananidzo uyu wemwanakomana weKhrushchev, Sergey inonzi iyo pikicha montage. Kutaura zvazviri, Nikita Sergeyevich akazunza bhudhi bhutsu, ari kumusangano weUN, apo nyaya yechibvumirano cheHungary yaifungidzirwa.
Hupenyu Hwako
Nikita Khrushchev's PeopleVe Hupenyu Husina kufadza kupfuura basa rake rezvematongerwo enyika. Musoro wechitatu weUSSR wakaroora kaviri uye uine vana vashanu.
Kekutanga Nikita Sergeevich akaroora panguva yekutamba chaiko kwebato reEprosini pisareva, iyo muna 1920 akafa neTyphus. Kwemakore matanhatu ekuroora, mukadzi wekutanga weKhrushv akamubereka vana vaviri, Leonid naJulia. Muna 1922, Khrushchev akatanga kugara nemusikana anonzi Marusya. Hukama hwakatangazve kupfuura makore maviri. Musikana wacho akatomutsa mwana kubva kumuchato wapfuura, uyo Krushachev akaramba achibatsira mune zvekunyama.
Mukadzi wechipiri Nikita Sergeyevh, neUkrain nerudzi, iyo yakapinda iyo nyaya semubhadharo wekutanga wemutungamiri weSoviet, achiperekedza pazvinhu zvepamutemo. NaNina Petrovna, mukuru weUSSR akararama kwemakore anopfuura makumi mana muwanano yehurumende uye muna 1965 yakanyoreswa zviri pamutemo hukama.
Nina aive mwanasikana wevarimi, muYuzovka akashanda semudzidzisi wepabato wechikoro, kwaakasangana nikita krushchev. Kunyangwe mavambo, Nina Petrovna akapedza zvishoma muRussia, Ukraine, ChiPolish naFrench, paakanga akadzidziswa muMariinsky Chikoro. Nina anozvidzidza zvidzidzo zvePetrovna haana kumira mukati mewanano. Mukupera kwema1930, kuve amai vevana vatatu, akatanga kudzidza Chirungu. Muwanano yechipiri mumhuri yemutungamiri weSoviet, vana vatatu vakazvarwa - Rada, Sergey naElena.
Rufu
NaNina Kukharchuk, Krushchev akararama kusvikira pakuguma kweupenyu hwake. Mushure mekusiya basa reNikitu Sergeyevich "yakabviswa" kubva kuMoscow ndokuenda kuCottage muZhukovka-2 kuMoscow Dunhu. Politicician haina kukwanisa kujaira kumanikidza ascetic. Saimbove maneja weKhrushchev aigara achiseka mirairo mitsva, ayo akatungamira, mumaonero ake, kune kudonha zvishoma nezvishoma zvekurima. Kamwe kamwe, for the nikita nikita, Sergeevich akapindwa muropa nekuteerera zvirongwa zvezvinhu zveredhiyo "," BBC "," BBC ", akatanga kuvaka gadheni. Asi pane dzimwe nguva, iyo yaimbove musoro wenyika yakawira mukuora mwoyo, iyo yaisakwanisa kubata hutano.
Akafira musi waSeptember 11, 1971 kubva pakurwara kwemoyo. Ndakaviga Nikita Sergeevich paNovderevichy midziyo yemakuva. Mushure mekufa kweKhrushchev, Nina Petrovna akauya terefoni nemazwi ekunyaradza kubva pasi rese. Gare gare paguva remusoro weUSSR, chifananidzo chakagadzirwa chakagadzirwa neErnst isingazivikanwe.
Ndangariro
- 1989 - "Sringrad"
- 1992 - "paDeribasovskaya, Mamiriro ekunze akanaka, kana paBrighton Beach zvakare huya kunaya"
- 1992 - "Stalin"
- 1993 - "mhumhi dzegrey"
- 1996 - "Vana veRevolution"
- 2005 - "Hondo Cosmos"
- 2009 - "Chishamiso"
- 2011 - "Clan Kennedy"
- 2012 - "Zhukov"
- 2013 - "Gagarin. Kutanga mudenga »
- 2015 - "main"
- 2016 - "Chishamiso Chisinganzwisisike"
- 2017 - "Rufu rwaStalin"