Biography
Imwe yeiyo inopenya, ine mutsauko uye ine matarenda enzvimbo yeSilvers, ine matombo eGrenko, inozivikanwa zvikuru kune vaye vanoyemura saAkhmatov, yakararama hupenyu hwakareba uye hwakapfuma zviitiko zvinosiririsa. Uku kudada uye panguva imwe chete iyoyo mukadzi akasviba aive achipupurira nekuchinja kaviri uye hondo mbiri dzepasi rese. Mweya wake wakadonha kudzvinyirira uye kufa kwevanhu vepedyo. Biography yeAnna Akhmatova yakafanira kuti ishandiswe kana kushambidzika iyo yakadzokorora uye akaita kuti vaite vanhu vemo, pamwe nezera rinotevera remitambo, vatungamiriri nevanyori.
Anna Gorenko akaberekerwa muZhizha re 1889 mumhuri yerudzi rwevanhu venhau uye iyo yekubhadhara Mechanic enger yechikepe Andrei Andrei Andrevic Gorenko And Musikana akaberekerwa kumaodzanyemba chikamu cheguta, mumba, yaive munzvimbo yakakura tsime. Izvo zvakazova mutoreri wechitatu kubva kuvana vatanhatu.
Mwana paaive aine gore, vabereki vakatamira kuSt. Musoro wemhuri wakagamuchira chinzvimbo cheKoreji Muongorori uye wakava mukuru wehurumende kutonga kwemirairo yakakosha. Mhuri yakagara mumusha weMambo, uyo ndangariro dzevana vese veAkhmatova dzakabatana. Nanny akatyaira musikana kuti afambe kuenda kuTsarskoyel Park uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzakange dzichirangarirwa naAlexander puskin. Vana vakadzidziswa dekiquette. Anya akadzidza pane mavara eshumba tolstoy, uye chiFrench akadzidza kunyangwe achiri mudiki, achiteerera kune mudzidzisi vana vake vakuru.
Dzidzo dzidzo nhetembo yakagashirwa muMariinsky Vakadzi Gymnasium. Anna Akhmatova nhetembo dzakatanga kunyora, maererano naye, mumakore 11. Zvinokosha kuti nhetembo yake haina kuvhurwa nemabasa aAlexander pushkin naMikhail lermontov, vaaida zvishoma nezvishoma, uye nhetembo yeNicholas nekrasov "chando, icho chaive yakadzokororwa naamai.
Mudiki Gorenko akawira murudo neSt. Petersburg nekusingaperi uye akamuona kwaari guta guru rehupenyu hwake. Ainge akanaka kwazvo mumigwagwa yake, mapaki naNeva, pandakanga ndichienda naamai vangu muEviporia, uyezve muKiev. Vabereki vakarambana kana musikana aine makore gumi nematanhatu.
Kirasi yepeni yaro, akapedzwa pamba, muEvpatoria, uye yekupedzisira yakapera muKiev Fundkukleevleevleevleevleevaya Gymnasium. Mushure mekupedza kudzidza, Gorenko anova mudzidzi wechikadzi emakosi epamoyo ezvemhando yepamusoro nekusarudza fakisi yemutemo. Asi kana Latyn uye nhoroondo yekodzero yakakonzera kufarira mariri, saka musikana akaenderera mberi nedzidzo, saka musikana akaenderera mberi nedzidzo mumudiwa muSt.
Nhetembo
Hapana chakaitwa mumhuri yerenko nhetembo, "Ziso rakawanda rinoona ziso rakatenderedza." PAMWE pane mutsetse waamai Inna Stogova vakawana hukama huri kure ana bunin - muturikiri uye nhetembo. Baba havana kubvumidza kuda kwemwanasikana wenheteto uye havana kukumbira zita rake rekupedzisira. Naizvozvo, anna Akhmatova nhetembo haina kumbobvira yasaina zita chairo. Mumuti wawo wedzinza, akawana PURBABBook-Tatarka, iyo yainzi yaitungamirwa nayo kubva kuna Yavahedheni Khan Ahashathi, uye nokudaro vakatendeuka kuita Akhmatov.
Mujaya rekutanga, musikana paakadzidza mumurume wechiMariinian, akasangana nejaya rine tarenda, akazotevera nhetembo dzakakurumbira nikolai gumilyv. Uye muEviporia, uye muKiev, musikana akaenzana naye. Muchirimo cha1910, vakaroora chechi yeNikolaev, iyo nhasi inomira mumusha weNikolskaya Slobodka pedyo neKiev. Panguva iyoyo, Gumiyov akatanga kutochengetwa nehombodo inozivikanwa mumazita ekuverenga.
Vechidiki vachangobva kuchataenda kunopemberera huchi yavo yekuenda kuParis. Yakanga iri musangano wekutanga weAkmatova neEurope. Pakudzoka kwake, murume wacho akatanga mukadzi ane tarenda rake mumanyorero uye artistic denderedzwa re St. Petersburg, uye akabva angoona. Pakutanga munhu wese akamurova, anokudza runako uye chimiro cheumambo. Waviri, nehombodo yakajeka pamhino, "chitarisiko che" chifananidzo "anna akhmatova akakunda Mwari wekunyora.
Pasina nguva, St. Petersburg Vanyori vanobva vatapwa nekukwira kwerunako rwekutanga. Anna Akhmatova nhetembo dzeRudo, zvinoreva kuti uku kunzwa kukuru, akadzinga hupenyu hwake hwese, anonyora panguva yeKutambudzika kwechifananidzo. Vafundisi vadiki vanoedza ivo pachavo mune mamwe makamping inoyerera - futurism uye aqmeism. Gumileva-Akhmatova anowana mukurumbira seyakagadziriswa system.
1912th inova babamunhu mune yayo biography. Iri gore risingakanganwiki harisi rakazvarwa nemwanakomana wega wenheteme - Revhitiko Dunhu Rake rekutanga kuunganidza "manheru". Pamakore enzvimbo, mukadzi akapfuura nguva yese yaakazvarwa uye anogadzira, achashevedza izvi zvisikwa zvekutanga ne "mavhesi evarombo emusikana asina chinhu." Asi ipapo nhetembo dzeAkhmatova dzakawana yekutanga yevanofarira vavo uye vakamupinza mukurumbira.
Makore maviri gare gare, kuunganidzwa kwechipiri kunobuda, kunonzi "knutka". Uye yanga yatove yekukunda chaiko. Vateveri uye vanotsoropodza vanofarira kwazvo basa rake, vachisimudza zvigadziko zvenguva zhinji venguva yavo kusvika padanho. Ahmatova handichadi kutaurirana kwemurume wake. Zita rake rinonzwika kunyange kurira kupfuura zita raGumileeva. Mukuchinja 1917, Ana anogadzira bhuku rake rechitatu - "Farn White". Izvo zvinobuda kunze kwekukatyamadza kwemakopi mazana maviri emakopi. Vaviri vakasangana munhamo 1918.
Uye muzhizha ra1921, Nikolai Gumileva Shot. Ahmatova zvakanyatsonetseka nezverufu rwaBaba wemwanakomana wake uye murume akazvisvitsa kunyika yenhetembo.
Kubva pakati pa1920s, nguva dzinorema dzinokwikwidza zvido. Ari pasi pekutarisisa kweNKVD. Haina kudhindwa. Nhetembo dzeAkhmatova dzakanyorwa kuti "patafura". Vazhinji vavo varasika kana vachifamba. Kuunganidzwa kwekupedzisira kwakabudiswa muna 1924. "Vanomutsa", "Falcon", "nhetembo dzeCommunist" - sitampu yakadaro paCreativity yakafanira Ana andrevna inodhura.
Chikamu chitsva cheKusika kwake chakabatana zvakanyanya nemweya wekuona nezvakaitika kune avo vanhu vekuzvarwa. Chekutanga pane zvese, kumashure kweMwanakomana weLov. Mukupera kwekusvitsa kwa1935, bhero rekutanga rinotyisa rinonzwika kumukadzi: Panguva imwecheteyo murume wechipiri Nikolai punin nemwanakomana vakasungwa. Vachaburitswa mumazuva mashoma, asi nhetembo harichazovakazve muhupenyu. Kubva zvino zvichienda mberi, zvinonzwa senge chindori chekutambudzwa zvakatenderedza zvinopera.
Mushure memakore matatu, Mwanakomana anosungwa. Akatongerwa makore mashanu emisasa yechikuru. Mugore rimwe chete rinotyisa, Anna Andreevna naNikolai punin yapera. Amai vakaneta vanotakura kuendesa kumwanakomana mumuchinjiko. Pazera rimwe chete, iyo yakakurumbira "inodiwa" Anna Akhmatova inobuda.
Kuti abvise hupenyu hwomwanakomana wake uye achiburitsa mumisasa, nhetembo pamberi pehondo pacharo, kuma1940, inoburitsa muunganidzwa we "mabhuku matanhatu". Pano panotorwa nhetembo dzekare dzakasimba uye dzitsva, "rakarurama" kubva pane maonero ehunhu hwekutonga.
Anna Andreevna's Bundled Great Watriotic Hondo inoshandiswa mukubuda muTashkent. Nokukurumidza mushure mekukunda, kudzokera kune yakasununguka uye yakaparadzwa leningrad. Kubva ipapo munguva pfupi inofamba kuenda kuMoscow.
Asi makore anotaura haana kuoma, mwanakomana akaburitswa kubva kumisasa - ivo vanonzwazve. Muna 1946, kusika kwake kwakundwa pamusangano unotevera wevanyori veMubatanidzwa, uye muna 1949, Revu Gumilyv akasungwa zvakare. Panguva ino akarambwa kwemakore gumi. Mukadzi asina kufadza akatyora. Iye anonyora zvikumbiro uye tsamba dzinopfidza kune wezvematongerwo enyika, asi hapana anozvinzwa.
Apedza kusungwa kwakatevera, hukama huri pakati paamai nemwanakomana kwakawanda zvakaramba zvakadaro: Shumba yakatenda kuti amai vakaiswa panzvimbo yekutanga, yaaida kupfuura iye. Arikubva kwaari.
Makore matema pamusoro pemusoro wevakakurumbira, asi mukadzi asingafadzi kusingafadzi anodzosera pasi pehupenyu hwake chete. Muna 1951 Akadzoreredzwa muMunyori 'Mubatanidzwa. Nhetembo akhmatova yakadhindwa. Pakati ma1960, Anna Andrevna anogamuchira mubairo weItaly unonyanya kuzivikanwa uye anogadzira muunganidzwa mutsva "unomhanya". Uye nhetembo dzakakurumbira Oxford University inopa dhigirii yeChiremba.
Pakupera kwemakore, mudetembi uye munyori wezita reNyika rakazoonekwa mumba make. Leningrad "Litford" yakaratidza kuti ane mwero wedanda muKomarovo. Yakanga iri imba diki, yaive neeveranda, corridor uye imwe kamuri.
Zvese "kugovera" mubhedha wakaomarara, uko zvidhinha zvakapetwa segumbo, tafura, yakavakirwa pamusuwo, mukova wekudhirowa pamadziro uye icon yekare, imwe chete yaimbova murume wekutanga.
Hupenyu Hwako
Mukadzi weumambo uyu aive nesimba rinoshamisa pamusoro pevanhu. Mujaya hwake, Ana ainyanya kufunga nezvekuchinja. Ivo vanoti anogona kuvharirwa kumashure, kudhonza musoro wepasi. Kunyangwe Mariins Ballina akanganisa iyi inoshamisa yepurasitiki yepurasitiki. Uye akange aine maziso anoshamisa akashandura ruvara. Vamwe vakati meso aAkhmatova grey, vamwe vakapokana kuti girinhi, uye wechitatu akavimbisa kuti vaive vokudenga.
Nikolai gumilyv akadonha neAnna Grenko pakutanga kuona. Asi musikana uyu akapenga nezve vladimir Glenchev-Kutuzov, mudzidzi asina kuteerera chero hanya nazvo. Mujaya wechidiki akatambura uye kunyange akaedza kuturika pane chipikiri. Neraki, akateedzera kubva kumadziro eropa.
Zvinoita sekuti, mwanasikana akagarwa nhaka nekutadza kwaamai. Muchato hauna kuunza nhetembo yemufaro nemumwe wevarume vatatu vakuru. Hupenyu hwomunhu oga hwaAnna Akhmatova hwaive hwakashata uye imwe mhando yeRashpatnaya. Vakamushandura, akachinja. Iye murume wekutanga akatakurwa nerudo rweAnna kuburikidza nehupenyu hwake hwese hupfupi, asi panguva imwe chete iyoyo aive nemwana wekuunganidza, izvo zvavaiziva nezvevanhu vese. Mukuwedzera, Nikolai Gumilyv haana kunzwisisa kuti nei mudzimai anodiwa, mumaonero ake, aive asiri nhetembo dzisina kunaka zvachose, rinokonzera kunakidzwa kwakadaro uye kusimudzwa kwevana vadiki. Nhetembo dzaAnna Akhmatova nezve rudo rwakaita senge yakareba uye poppous.
Mukupedzisira, vakarambana.
Mushure mekuparadzanisa, Anna Andreevna akange asina peni kubva kune vateveri. Verenga mazino aValtin akamupa OKHA yerima inodhura uye yaibvunzwa kubva kune imwe yekuvapo kwake, asi zvavanoda nerunako rwakapa nikolay nicolas. Zvisinei, Boris Anurga Munguva pfupi yakamuchinja.
Muchato wechipiri naVladimir Shileiko saka Izmuved Anna, kuti akadonha achiti: "Kurambana ... Chii chinonzwikwa zvakanaka!".
Kwapera gore mushure mekufa kwemurume wekutanga, akapatsanurwa neyechipiri. Uye mwedzi mitanhatu gare gare tora nguva yechitatu. Nikolai punin - Art munyori wenhau. Asi hupenyu hwega hwaAnna Akhmatova hauna kushanda naye.
Mutevedzeri wevanhu veMadhokiseni ekujekeswa kweiyo Lunacharsky punin, uyo akagovera vasina pekugara mushure mekurambana, zvakare haana kuita kuti zvifadze. Mukadzi mutsva aigara mukamuri neaimbova mukadzi punin nemwanasikana wake, vachipfuura mari vachiita boiler yakajairika yekudya. Mwanakomana anouya mwanakomana Leo akaiswa pausiku mune inotonhora corridor uye akanzwa nyanzvi, nekusingaperi kutarisirwa.
Hupenyu hwega hweAnna Akhmatova hwaive hwekuchinja mushure mekuratidzira nachiremba wemunhu Patoanan, asi muchato usati waberekerwa, waakaraira, uyo akasiya kuti asatore muroyi mumba. Roorano yakadzimwa.
Rufu
Rufu rwaAnna Akhmatova musi waKurume 5, 1966, zvinoita sekuvhundutsa munhu wese. Kunyangwe aive atove nemakore makumi matanhatu nemashanu panguva iyoyo. Ehe, airwara kwenguva yakareba uye akaoma. Nhungamiro yakafira mu Sanatorium pedyo neMoscow kuna Domboyevovovovovovo. Pamunoda kubva parufu, akakumbira kuunza chibvumirano chake chitsva, iwo magwaro aanoda kubatana nemavara ezvinyorwa zveMamranian.
Muviri weAkhmatova from Moscow akakurumidza kutumira kuti Leningrad: zviremera zvaisada kusarongeka. Akamuviga kumaMamarovsky cemetery. Rufu rusati rura, mwanakomana uye amai vaisakwanisa kuvhiringidzwa: Ivo havana kutaurirana kwemakore akati wandei.
Paguva raamai, Revhitikovadzisa rusvingo rwematombo nepahwindo, raifanirwa kuratidza madziro mumuchinjikwa, kwaakamupfeka kuti aendese. Pakutanga, paguva rakamira muchinjiro wehuni, sezvaakabvunza Ana Andreevna, asi muna 1969 ibwe rakaonekwa.
Anna Akhmatova Museum iri mu St. Petersburg mumugwagwa na avtovskaya. Mumwezve akavhurika mudzimba dzetsime kwaakararama kwemakore makumi matatu. Gare gare mamuseum, mapuranga asingakanganwike uye leffs-lifs akaonekwa muMoscow, Tashkent, Kiev, OVSSA uye mamwe maguta mazhinji uko mamuse yemyuchi.
Nhetembo
- 1912 - "Manheru"
- 1914 - "Kuchenesa"
- 1922 - "Farn White"
- 1921 - "Slimain"
- 1923 - "Anno Domini McMxxi"
- 1940 - "Kubva pamabhuku matanhatu"
- 1943 - "Anna Akhmatova. Favorites "
- 1958 - "Anna Akhmatova. Nhetembo "
- 1963 - "Chinhu"
- 1965 - "Runonoka Runoka"