Biography
Vamwe vanyori venhoroondo uye vezvehupfumi nharo kuti munhu uyu pakubudirira kwezvinhu zvinoitwa naye akapotsa mushumiri wehumambo waPetro. Akanzi anofarira Joseph Stalin, grey cardinal, asi panguva imwe chete iyo nyanzvi yehunyanzvi uye inoshanda yehurumende yeSoviet.
Vazhinji vanotenda kuti kana akatenderwa uye akatenderwa kuunza kuguma kwekushandurwa uye akatanga pakati peindasitiri, iyo USSR ingadai yakave yakazvimirira nyika yakanga yabvisa maindasitiri ezvinyorwa.
Uyezve, vanhu vanoziva kuti hwaro hwehupfumi, uko kuodzwa kweRussia kunobatwa nhasi, akazvisika. Uye akava mubatiri werekodhi pakureba kwekugara mumusoro wehurumende yeSoviet Union.
Mushure mezvose, makore gumi nematanhatu inhoroondo yekuti hapana akavhuna mushure make. Panguva imwecheteyo, nevatungamiriri veNikita Khrushchev na Leonid Brezhnev, iyi yepamutemo yekubatana kwepamusoro yaive nehukama hwehukama. Asi akaendeswa kune yakanyanya nyanzvi yehunyanzvi, kwete kuwana yakakodzera kutsiva.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Alexei Nikolaevich Koshigich Koshigina's Brigine yezvematongerwo enyika Biography yakashandurwa kuti igone kuvonga kuEctober Revolution. Mushure mezvose, mimwe mikana inowana kuDonlineering Olympus kubva kune mukomana akaberekerwa mumhuri yemushandi ari nyore, aine maitiro eumambo angangove asina kumuka.
Alexey Nikolaevich Koshin yakaonekwa pachiedza che21: uye sekureva kwekare maitiro musi waFebruary 8, 1904 muStrersburg. Nezve ruzivo rwake rwehudiki rwuri scanty. Izvo zvinongozivikanwa chete kuti vabereki vemwanakomana vatsva vakabhapatidzwa muOrthodox rite munaKurume gore rimwe chete muChechi yeRithe-Strikimenz.
Pazera ramakore gumi nemashanu, Alexey, panguva iyoyo, mudzidzi wePetrovsky Chikoro chechokwadi chakatumirwa nemauto anozvipira muhondo tsvuku. Jaya rakavaka zvivakwa zvokudzivirira. Uye mushure memakore matatu, akadzokera kuPetrograd uye akapedza kudzidza nekudzidziswa. Sezvo anga agamuchira diploma yeChikoro cheChinyorwa chehunyanzvi, nyanzvi yechidiki akaenda kuSiberia kuti akudziridze kusimudzirwa.
Basa
Nepfuma yekusimudzira iyo yaivapo munguva iyoyo yaive imwe oasis, mumiganhu yei mabhizimusi akakurudzirwa. Uye mazano ayo ekutanga seanopfuura ehupfumi Alexei Koshin akaumbwa mune iyi "oasis yehupfumi rusununguko." Akakwanisa kuzviratidza kuti apora uye aratidze mutevedzeri wekuvandudza mutevedzeri. Naizvozvo, zvakatumirwa kuti udzidziswe. Iye murume akadzoka akadzokera kuLeningrad, kwaakagamuchira dzidzo yepamusoro mune yekunyora Institute.
Muna 1935, basa remanyorero mudiki akatanga kufamba nekukurumidza. Kwemakore maviri, Alexey akakwanisa "kukura" kubva kuna tenzi weiyo Oktyabrskaya fekitori kumutungamiriri wayo. Asi akakonzera kambani kanosvika gore rinopfuura gore: Kubudirira kwekosheni munzvimbo ino kwakazoitirwa kuti muna 1938 akagadzwa Sachigaro weDare reLeningradr Council revashandi uye makreshi.
Kupukunyuka uko munhu uyu aive achifamba nemanera ebasa kunoshamisa: Kwapera gore, akagadzwa kune iyo positi yekunamatira yeiyo Soviet Unile.
Vamwe vanozvikudza vanopokana kuti kukurumidza kufambira mberi kwebasa rekuti "chimiro" chakatsanangurwa ne "bhenji risina chinhu." Zvinotaurwa, Lenin-Stalinsky Kutyisa "kwakamonyana" kwevose vanonyadzisa nyanzvi dzekudaira, saka ndaifanira kufambisa vadzidzi vechidiki vebhizinesi vakanyimwa zvishuvo zvematongerwo enyika.
Kusvika pamwero wakati, ichi ichokwadi: chinhu chinosiyana chebasa rose reAlexei Koshygin zvine basa rakakwana rekutora chikamu mukukwana uye kurwa kusimba kwesimba. Asi chokwadi ndechekuti aive nyanzvi yekirasi yepamusoro.
Stalin, uyo asina kuvimba nevamwe vazhinji uye vaitya kuvhura kwavari kumusana kwake, vakaonga mazita eKosygin zvakanyanya. Iyi nyanzvi dzechidiki dzakabvumirana zvizere kuzvitsoropodzi, iyo, maererano naJoseph Vissarionvich, anofanira kunge aine bhizinesi rakanaka reSoviet.
Hondo yakakuvadzwa yenyika yaive yeManehwe ane makore makumi matatu nematatu e "nguva yekuongorora", kwayakavhunduka kuparadza mazana, kana asiri zviuru zvakawanda, hupenyu. Alexey Kosygin muna June 1941 akagadzwa nemutevedzeri weStalin mutirongo weDare rekuputika kwemabhizimusi emumaindasitiri. Iye mukuru uyu aive akananga neboka revatongorori, ayo akakwanisa kutumira kuti abvise kumabvazuva kupfuura 1,500 Strategically zvidyarwa uye mafekitori enyika. Uye haana kutendera.
Naizvozvo, hazvina basa kushamisika kuti munguva yechando ya1942 yaive dambudziko rakaoma kwazvo pamapfudzi. Simbisai chikafu chinodzima uye kugadzira "mararamiro" muLadoga Lake. Vanyori venhau dzakaitika, vachiongorora zviito zvekosheni yechidiki, vanoshandura mune zvekufunga kuti akaita zvese izvo zvaigona. Uye muna 1943, Alexey Nikolayevich yakatanga kutungamirwa nekanzuru yemakombi yevanhu yeRsfsr. Iyi kugadzwa yaive chiratidzo chehutungamiri hwepamusoro hwekuvimba.
Stalin, ane kurumbidza vamwe vakamirira pasina, pachena kidhed koshin. Pamwe, kuvimba kwakanyanya kweGeneralsimus kwakazove chikonzero nei kudzorerwa kwaAx chete kwakatokunda musoro weAlexei Nikolavich pedyo nemusoro.
Kana "bhizinesi re" Renlingrad "rakaurayiwa, semhedzisiro yekuferefetwa kweiyo" misoro yemusoro "yeboka rese raifungidzirwa mukuparadzaniswa uye nezvimwe zvitadzo zvevatungamiriri vebato, Koshygin inogona kupinda muhuwandu hwekudzvanywa. Kupfuura zvese, mukuru "weWCP (B) uye munyori weDare repakati, Alexey Kuznetsov, aive ane hukama neAlexey Koshin. Iye aive akaroora mukwikwidzi wemukadzi wake.
Muchirimo cha1946, veAlexei Kosyhygin yezvematongerwo enyika yezvinhu zvezvematongerwo enyika zvinoenderera mberi nekuchinja. Iye zvino ndiye mutevedzeri wechirongo weDare revashumiri veUSSR. Nenguva isipi unorayirwa nemumiriri wenhengo dzePolitburo yeDare repakati reCPSU (B).
Pamusoro pekurangarira kunoshamisa uye kugona kunoshamisa kweAlexey Koshyin yakakurumidza kuwanda mundangariro dzehuwandu hwevanhu vazhinji vakawedzera ngano. Stalin akamudaidza kuti "arithmometer". Aive mukuru weAtpical. Haana kuda kubata kumeso uye kudzivirira mabiko. Misangano yake yaigara ichipfupika uye "yakaoma": Akakurumidza kuratidza kukosha uye "haana kukura pfungwa pamuti," pasina kuchibvumira kuti itaure pasi.
Joseph Visarionvich akafa, uye haana kuwana nguva yekuzadzisa chichibva kumisikidzwa nemimba, Koshinji akakwanisa kuramba nesimba. "Chenjera" Chengetedza "mushure mekufa kweGeneralisimi yakatanga kukurumidza 'kushungurudza" mapuranga "akaiswa naStalin.
Alexei Nikolayevich zvakare "akatama": Kunyangwe ivo vakatoshandurwa kubva pachigaro chemutevedzeri uye vakasarudza hushumiri hwendasitiri, asi ivo havana kumuregerera zvachose kubva kune simba - vakapa chigaro chishumiri chinokanganisa. Iye zvino Kosygin aive aine mhosva yekugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvinotapudza.
Akazvisiyanisa pano, achiratidza nzira yekufunga nebhizimusi rakapihwa. Naizvozvo, muzhizha ra1953, Alexey Nikolavich rakananga neushumiri hwevakadzorwazve rezvigadzirwa zvekudya, rakagadzirwa nedhirowa rehumambo hwakati wandei. Uye muna December wegore rimwe chetero, akadzokera kunzvimbo yemutevedzeri wechigaro cheDare revashumiri.
Mushumiri akaenda kumabasa ake, akafamba ngano. Semuenzaniso, mushure mekupera kwehondo, Alexey Kosygin yakakanda kuputa. Asi rimwe zuva akaenda kunotora fekitori itsva yefodya muGeorgia. Munguva yekukurukurirana nemukuru wayo, akamubvunza kuti aputi. Akamupa fodya yakazviputa nayo - akatambanudza pack yekugadzirwa kweAmerica. Minister akaitika uye kuruboshwe. Director wefekitori akachinja.
Munguva yekutonga kweKhrushchev Koshy Rike zvakare. Muna 1960s, anova mutevedzeri wekutanga sachigaro weSovmina weUSSR. Uye mushure mekunge "imba yekutandarira" muna 1964, Leonid brezhnever inowedzera koshin kuenda kuMusoro wehurumende. Panguva imwecheteyo, Brezhnev haafarire maneja ane ruzivo. Uye chete asiri-kutaura uye kusavapo kwechishuvo chekugara pasi uye kusavimbika kuve chikonzero chekuwedzera kwebasa kukura kwebasa.
Zvinokosha kuti Alexey koshin, iye oga wezvematongerwo enyika akatambudza mauto eSoviet kuenda kuAfghanistan.
Aive diplomat yakajeka iyo yakakwanisa kukurumidza kugadzirisa matambudziko akasiyana siyana. Nekutora kwake zvakananga, muArab-Israeli nharo dza1967 na1973 dzakagadziriswa. Akabatsira kuti atore kubvumidzwa kwemabhomba nevaAmerican indochina kutanga kwa1970s. Asi kukunda kwake kukuru pane diplomatic munda kunoonekwa sekubvumidzwa kweiyo acute Soviet-Chinese kukakavara. Ivo vanoti, Kuvonga kuchikuru-maawa 4-awa nhaurwa, Alexei Nikolayevich munhandare yeBeijing yakadzivirirwa neSoviet-Hondo yeChinese.
Kupfuura kubudirira kunodaidza kuenderana kwehupfumi hwehupfumi muindasitiri. Ivo vanonziwo "kosyginsky". Musoro weSovmina wakaudza kuwedzera kwekusununguka kwemabhizimusi emabhizimisi uye nekukwezva kwehupfumi hwenyika. Kutenda kwaari, chinhu chakadai sekugadzirwa kwakanyanya kwakabviswa munguva yakapfuura, iyo yakatsiviwa nechiratidzo chezvigadzirwa zvinoonekwa.
Alexey Koshyna akaverengera akaoma. Kupfuura zvese, chiratidzo chake chekukura kwehupfumi chakanyatso kuparadzwa ne "lenin nheyo" uye kunyange kurova "nzira yeBourgeois". Zvichida, saka, shanduko dzechitsauko chemasuma akasangana nekukanganiswa kwevakuru vekare idzo dzizopedza uye hadzina kuzadziswa. Asi chinhu chikuru ndechekuti, nekuda kwekutsamwa kwehutano, Alexey Nikolavich
Kwete kubva kare, vhezheni inoshamisa yakatanga kufamba neInternet, iyo Alexey Kosygrin Misa Nicholas II. Ndiko kuti, iye ari kupukunyuka Tsarevich Alexei Nikolayevich, mugari weimba yaRoov. Alligy kuti ndosaka mwana Alexei Koshigina jecha rakasimba. Avo vanotenda mune ino ngano vhezheni kunongedza kune imwe mhando yekufanana nemapikicha evana yeAlexey koshin uye Alexey Romanova. Ikoko hapana chakambonzwa munhu anonzwa kutambudzika kweSoviet anotambura kubva kuHemupilia.
Hupenyu Hwako
Uyu murume aishamisika zvisingaiti uye ane mwero. Uye zvakare - yakanaka kwazvo. Yakaburitswa neiyo post, aimbove mukuru weVIP akazosiya State Dacha uye akaenda kuimba yake ine mwero, achitora zvinhu zvako chete nemabhuku. Yake nyika yedzinza haina kumbobvira yaoneka.
Haana kupa hupfumi hwakakosha, kunyangwe aigona. Semuenzaniso, pakushanya kwenyika dzakasiyana, zvipo zvinowanzo kumuunza. Kana akabvuma kuenda navo, akabva aipfuura muchengetedzo yehurumende kana chikoro cheMusimba. Semuenzaniso, munyika dzeArab dzakakurumbira Soviet Official Somother, maSabers, akashongedzwa nemadhaimani uye mamwe matombo emabwe. Asi usambofa wakasiya chipo kwaari.
Hupenyu hwaAlexey Koshigina wega mukadzi wake chete waClaudia Anreyevna kriveshein. Vanoti mukadzi uyu anoremekedzwa naUsaliti pachavo. Mumukambani wake, haana kumbonzwa kutya.
Muna 1968, Nikorovich Nikoviche chirikadzi: Wawakadikanwa mudiwa paMay 1, paakamira pakafungo wePodium. Claudia Andrevna pachaicho akatumira murume wake, akarara muwadi yake, pane mutivi mutsvuku, achiziva kukosha kwekuvapo kwake pachiitiko chake.
Haana kumbobvira akaroora iye. Uye iyo inofungidzirwa yakabatana naLyudmila Zykina aingova kurasikirwa makuhwa. Gare gare mune imwe yekubvunzurudzwa, mutyairi weKoshin akati akataura kuti mukadzi wake akauya kumukadzi wake akafa akafamba nenzendo dzese dzebhizinesi se talisman.
Mumuchato unofara waKosheshein, mwanasikana weLyudmila akaberekerwa, akazova mutungamiriri weraibhurari yemabhuku ekunze uye akapa vabereki vevakuru vaviri - Tatiana naAlexey Gwishiani. Nhasi, Alexey Jemmenovich Gwishhiani Geoinforms Scientist, ras yeAcdemician uye director weGeophysical Center yeiyo Russian Academy yeStactemy yeStain.
Rufu
Alexey Kokygin aida hupenyu hwake hupenyu hwake hwese uye akaedza kuzviita kana zvichibvira. Akashora ski munguva yechando uye mutsara pane kayak muzhizha. Asi mushure me tsaona iyi, chikepe chakashandurwa naAlexei Nikolaevich hazvina basa kuti uchengetedze, akamira panjodzi.
Muna 1974 akange aine micrinsultI. Yakanga iri "bhero rekutanga". Mwoyo wacho wakatanga kupfupisa mushure mekunge muviri wajaira kumitoro "dzakaburitswa" kubva kwavari. Uye mushure memakore mashanu, Koshingin yakaonekwa zvakanyanya kurwiswa kwemoyo.
Muna Gumiguru, akasunungurwa kubva kumabasa enhengo yePolisburo uye Sachigaro weDare revashumiri. Akashandisa zvirevo amene, ayo vazhinji vevashandisi vake vasina kuitwa, vanonamatira pachigaro kusvikira pakupedzisira.
Mushure memwoyo wechipiri kurwisa zvakava pachena kuti mazuva emunhu uyu ainzi. Akafira mangwanani raDecember 18, 1980, paVayeveve weBrezhnev zuva rekuzvarwa. Kuti irege kufukidza chakakwirira chakakwirira, mariro akarongwa mushure memazuva matanhatu, Zvita 24, 1980. Alexei Nikolayevich akadzika uye akapiswa kubva kumadziro eKremlin.