Biography
Alexey Peshkov, inozivikanwa zviri nani seMunyori Maxim Gorky, yeRussian uye Soviet Mabhuku Muenzaniso weChidimbu. Akasarudzwa kashanu kuRobel Mubairo, ndiye akanyanya kuitwa Soviet munyori mukati meUSSR uye aifungidzirwa sergeyevich puskin uye lviv tolstoy Bussion Arterary art.
Iye akaberekerwa mutaundi reCanvino, iyo panguva iyoyo yaive munzvimbo yeNizhy Novgirod Province, uye zvino ndeimwe yematunhu eNizhy Novgorodhi. Maxim baba vake Peshkov aive mungojana, uye mumakore achangopfuura ehupenyu aikwanisa hofisi yekutumira. Amai vaVarvara Vasilsevna vakafira kubva kuChakhotka, saka Alyoshe Peshkov vabereki vaSekuru vakatsiva ambuya veAkulin Ivanovna. Kubva pamakore gumi nematatu, mukomana airemerwa kuti atange kushanda: Maxim Gorky aive mutumwa kuchitoro, bhakiti rakaputika, mubatsiri wePacary uye muripo we icon. Blapy Gorky Biography inoratidzwa mumunhu pachako mu "vechidiki" zviyero, "muvanhu" uye "maunyika mangu".
Mushure mekubudirira kwekuedza kuve mudzidzi weiyo Kazan University uye kusungwa nekuda kwekubatana nedenderedzwa reMarxist, munyori wenguva yemberi akazochengetedza njanji. Uye na23, jaya rinoenda kunodzungaira nyika uye akakwanisa kusvika kuCaucasus. Yakanga iri panguva ino yerwendo kuenda kuMaxim Gorkyly inonyora pfungwa dzake, iyo ichazova hwaro hwebasa rake ramangwana. Nenzira, nyaya dzekutanga dzeMarin Gorky yakatanga kuburitswa, panguva dzinenge nguva.
Vatova munyori anozivikanwa, Alexey Peshkov anosiya nyika dzakabatana, akabva aendeswa kuItari. Izvi zvakaitika zvachose nekuda kwematambudziko nevatungamiriri, sezvo dzimwe nguva zvinopa mamwe manhamba, asi nekuda kwekuchinja kwehupenyu hwemhuri. Kunyangwe kurwadziswa kuri kuenderera mberi kunyora mabhuku ekuchinja. Akadzokera kuRussia muna 1913, akagadziriswa muSt. Petersburg uye akatanga kushandira vaparidzi vakasiyana siyana.
Iyo inoshamisa kuti nevese marxist maonero, iyo October Revolution yePeshkov yakambonyatsofunga kusagadzikana. Mushure mehondo yevagari, maximy Gorky, uyo aive nekusawirirana nehurumende itsva, anosiya kunze kwenyika, asi muna 1932 pakupedzisira anodzoka kumba.
Munyori
Yekutanga yeiyo yakaburitswa nyaya maxim Gorky yakava yakakurumbira Mamar Miranda, iyo yakaburitswa muna 1892. Uye mukurumbira kumunyori akaunza mavara maviri-mavara nenyaya. Sezvineiwo, kutenderera kwemavhoriyamu aya kwaingova katatu kwakakwirira kunowanzogamuchirwa mumakore iwayo. Yemabasa anozivikanwa kwazvo enguva iyoyo, zvakakodzera kuti nyaya "mukadzi wekare izergil", "mukadzi wekare", "Chekash", "makumi maviri nematanhatu nedetembo" sokori ". Imwe nhetembo "rwiyo rwemberi" rwakava kutendeseka. Yakawanda maarin gorky inobhadhara kune mabhuku evana. Akanyora nyaya dzinoverengeka, "semuenzaniso," Samvar "," ngano dzeItari ", akaburitsa magazini yevana yekutanga yeSoviet yeSoviet yevana kubva kumhuri dzevarombo.
Zvakakosha kwazvo kuti unzwisise basa remunyori wemunyori Gorky "pazasi", "mutumwa" uye "Egor Boylchov nevamwe", maari " Kukosha kwetsika kwetsika kune zvinyorwa zveRussia zvine nyaya "Nokoma" uye "muvanhu", dzimba dzekushamwaridzana "amai" uye "Artamon Bhizinesi". Basa rekupedzisira reGorky ndiyo isiriyo-Epic "hupenyu hweKlim Samgin", iro rine zita rechipiri "makore makumi mana". Pamusoro pehunyanzvi uhwu, munyori akashanda kwemakore gumi nematatu, asi akange asina nguva yekupedza.
Hupenyu Hwako
Hupenyu hwega hwega maxim gorky hwaive hazvo dutu. Mukutanga uye zviri pamutemo, akaroora makore 28. NeMukadzi wake Catherine Volzhina, jaya rakasangana muimba yekushambadzira "Nepepanhau reSamara", apo musikana akashanda sechinhu chakaringana. GORE mushure memuchato, mwanakomana waMahu akaonekwa mumhuri, uye mukunda waKatherine, akatumidza zita rake Pashure paiamai. Zvakare pakurerwa kwemunyori yaive Changamire Servdlov, uyo akatora zita rekupedzisira rePeshkov.
Asi rudo rwaGorky rwakakurumidza kunyangarika. Akatanga kuita hupenyu hwemhuri uye kuroora kwavo naCatherine Volzhina akashanduka kuita mubereki mubereki: vaigara pamwe chete nekuda kwevana. Kana mwanasikana mudiki Catya Katya akafa asingatarisiri, chiitiko ichi chinosiririsa chaive chichava chichava kusundwa pakumutswa kwemhuri. Nekudaro, maxim gorky nemukadzi wake, kusvika pakupera kwehupenyu, vakaramba vari shamwari uye vakatsigira tsamba yacho.
Mushure mekuparadzanisa nemukadzi wake, maxim gorky naAnton Pavlovich cheklovich cheiyo Mkhress yeMkhat theater Maria AndReva, akazova mukadzi wake chaiye anotevera makore 16 anotevera. Yakanga iri nekuda kwebasa rake raisienda kuAmerica neItari. Mwanasikana waKatherine, mwanakomana waAnderi, uyo aivata mu Max peshkov-gorky, akasara kubva kuhukama hwepamberi. Asi mushure mekuchinja, Andreev zvainakidzwa nebasa repabato, zvakava kutarisisa kumhuri, saka muna1919 zvakaitika uye hukama uhwu.
Pfungwa yacho isa zvinovava iye, achiti aive achienda kuMaria Budberg, aimbova baroness uye chikamu chenguva yake. Nemukadzi uyu, munyori akararama ane makore gumi nematatu. Kuroora, sewakapfuura, hakuna kunyoreswa. Iye mukadzi wekupedzisira maagin gorky aive wemakore makumi maviri nemana, uye vese vaiziva vaiziva kuti aive "achinamwazve nzou" padivi. Mumwe wevadikani emukadzi waGorky aive Chirungu FILTOR Merbert matsime, kwaakasiya ipapo mushure mekufa kwemumwe mukadzi. Pane mukana wakakura kuti Maria Budberg, uyo aive nemukurumbira wevatambi uye asina kujairika anobatana nemiviri yeNKVD, inogona kuve mumiriri maviri uye kushanda kwehungwaru hwerudzi.
Rufu
Mushure mekudzoka kwekupedzisira kuAmailand muna 1932, Maxim Gorky anoshanda mumabhuku uye magazini, nhoroondo yefekitori "," nhoroondo yevagari vehondo ", inoronga uye inobata yekutanga All-Union Congress yevanyori veSoviet. Mushure mekufa kusingatarisirwi kweMwanakomana kubva mukuzvimba kwemapapu emunyori wesnack. Pane kumwe kushanya kuguva yekuwedzera, aitonhora chaizvo. Mavhiki matatu eGorky aive nefivha, akatungamira kurufu muna June 18, 1936. Muviri wemunyori weSoviet wakabatanidzwa, uye guruva rakaiswa muKremlin Wall pane tsvuku. Asi pre-brain maxim gorky yakabviswa uye yakaendeswa kune iyo yekutsvagisa Institute yekuwedzera kudzidza.
Gare gare, mubvunzo wakamutswa kakawanda kuti munyori wenhoroondo uye mwanakomana wake anogona kuita muchetura. Mune ino kesi, iyo vanhu vemakomisheni Henry Ygoda yakaitwa, uyo aida mukadzi wake Maxim Peshkov. Zvakare fungidzirawo kubatanidzwa kweshumba trotsky uye kunyange Joseph Stalin. Munguva yekudzvinyirirwa uye kufunga nezve "nyaya yekuti" vanachiremba ", vanachiremba vanyengeri vakaiswa mumhosva, kusanganisira rufu rwemawere gorky.
Mabhuku Maxar Gorky
- 1899 - Thomas Gordeev
- 1902 - Pazasi
- 1906 - Amai
- 1908 - Hupenyu hwemurume asina basa
- 1914 - Mazuva
- 1916 - MuVanhu
- 1923 - MaSystem dzangu
- 1925 - Nyaya yeArtamonov
- 1931 - Egor Boduv nevamwe
- 1936 - Hupenyu Klim Samgin