Biography
Mumwe wevamachinda eRussia anoreurirwa kwazvo, ndiye muchinda Yarosolav akachenjera, mwanakomana waGreat Vydimir svyatoslavovavovachovich (Baptist). Akagamuchira zita rehunhu hwevakachenjera nerudo rwekuvhenekerwa uye kusikwa kwemutemo wekutanga wakakurumbira wemitemo, gare gare kupfuura "chokwadi cheRussia".
Uye iye ndiBaba, babamunini nasekuru revatongi vazhinji veEurope. Mukuratidzwa, Yaroslav akagamuchira zita raGeorge (kana Yuri). Chechi yeRussia Orthodox inokudza sekutendeka uye yakatanga kuunza zuva rekuyeuka kwake kune iyo matsvene. Gore rekusuwa ndiMarch 4, uye mune zvakajairwa - 5th.
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Nezve zuva rekuzvarwa kweYaroslav vladimirovich uye nhasi vanopokana. Asi venhoroondo zhinji uye masayendisiti vanowanzove kuti muchinda akazvarwa muna 978, kunyangwe pasina kuvimba kwakazara mune izvi. Bhavudhe ake ese ainyanya kuzivikanwa.
Vabereki vake vaive Vladimir svyatoslavovavovich, avo vaGurikovich, uye polotsk princess rogndovna. Kunyangwe pasina mvumo pano. Semuenzaniso, anonyanya kuzivikanwa munyori wenhoroondo Nikolai Kostmarov akapokana kuti yaive Rogdeda aive amai vaimbova amai varoslav. Uye ARRIGNON wake wechiFrance akafunga nezvose zvakaberekerwa muchinda weByzantine Tsarevna anna. Alligyly imamiriro ezvinhu aya anotsanangura kupindira kwake mumatare emukati mune 1043.
Asi nekuda kwekururamisira zvakakodzera kuti vamwe vanhu vazhinji vanonzwa kuda kufunga nezvekudzikama kwemukadzi akapa hupenyu hwakanyanya hwemachinda ekare eRussia.
Vana vese vakaberekerwa muwanano naRoggeda, Izyaslav, mstslav, yoslav naVsolod, Grand Duke vladimir vakatumira kufananidzira mumaguta akasiyana. Yaroslav yakawana Rostov. Asi sezvo mukomana aive aine makore 9 okuzvarwa kubva kumhuri, mutwinner vakamanikidzwa kwaari uye vhiivhe vekodhi (mune mamwe manhamba ebhawa). Gare gare, pachinda iri kusimuka yaMaroslav akachenjera yakatanga kutonga Novgorodhi, mutumwa wezvokumiririra akaisa musangano wepedyo.
Dare Rinodzora
Iyi nguva ndiyo chimiro chengarava uye ngano. Nguva yeMuchinda Yarosolav yakachenjera, pamwe nemunhu pachezvako, vamwe vanyori venhoroondo vanowanzova nezvokuita, vamwe - kuva nedhimoni. Chokwadi, semazuva ese, kune imwe nzvimbo pakati.
Iyo princess novgorod yakanga ine chinzvimbo chepamusoro pane manejimendi eRostov. Zvakadaro, Mutongi weVevgorod aive nechimiro chemuviri akazviratidza kuKiev, ndokuti, Vladimir. Naizvozvo, muchinda Jaroslav akangwara in Oblatory maitiro gore rega rega akabhadhara baba 2/3 yeiyo yakapihwa kubva kune yeiyo novgorod nyika dzeDani. Yakanga iri huwandu hwezviuru zviviri zveHryvnia. Vane chiuru vakaramba vachichengetwa veVelmazby pachake neboka rake. Zvinofanira kutaurwa kuti saizi yayo chete zvishoma nezvishoma kune iyo squad yeVladimir.
Pamwe, mamiriro ezvinhu aya akasundira mwanakomana kuti atore uye mune 1014 kuramba kubhadhara mutero upi naBaba. Vagari veLovgorodhi vakatsigira muridzi wemba yavo, ruzivoi urwu ruzivo rwepachengetedzwa. Vladimir akatsamwa uye akatanga kugadzirira hike yekukwanisa kugona kwemhirizhonga. Asi panguva iyoyo akange ari mumakore akare. Nenguva isakurumidza kufora kurwara uye zvakanyanya akafa uye kusiri kuranga mwanakomana.
Nzvimbo yababa yakatorwa nemwanakomana wedangwe - Svyatopolk okay. Kuti azvidzivirire uye nekuchengeta simba mumaoko, akaparadza hama nhatu: Boris, ainyanya kudiwa naKievans, Glele uye Svyatoslav. Iyo imwe yekudya yaive yakamirira iyo Novgorod Posener. Asi akakwanisa kukunda iyo svyatopolka muhondo yeropa iri pasi porudo uye muna 1016 akapinda kiev.
Chidimbu chisina kusimba pakati pehama dzakagoverwa kuKiev mune Dnieper, nguva nenguva yakapfuura ne "kupisa" nhanho. Asi muZinomwe, iyo Svyatopolka haina, uye Yaroslav akachenjera akatanga hurumende isingadzivisirwe kuchigaro chechiKiev.
Kukodzera kukuru kweMuchinda Yarosolav vakachenjera kwakava kukunda pamusoro pePechenegs. Zvakaitika muna 1036. Sezvo iyo Mbiri yakati, guta rakaiswa neNofi panguva iyoyo apo mutongi akavezwa kuNovgorodhi, kwaakange atora chikamu mutemberi. Asi wakati agamuchira nhau yengozi, akakurumidza kudzoka, akakunda mapundu. Kubva pane izvi zvichienda mberi, zvinoparadza zvavo uye zvinopambwa kweropa paRub kwenguva yakareba.
Rakatanga "nguva yegoridhe yegoroslav vakachenjera. Mushure mekunge vawina vanokunda, velosa vakatorwa kuti vakuruku kuvaka. Panzvimbo yekukunda kukuru pamusoro pemasokisi, iyo sofia katatu yakaradzikwa. Aigona kunyanya kopi yekatsia muTsargrad. Yakashongedzwa nemaonesmies nemaonestaces uye mosaic, tembere yakarova runako rwekurarama nemazera uye inofadza maziso nhasi.
Welquise haina kudemba mari yekufamba zvakanaka zvakanaka uye vakokwa kupedzisa katsi yemasikisi echiGiriki. Uye magedhi egoridhe akakurumbira akaonekwa muguta, akadzokorora zvakafanana muTsargrad. Chechi yeKunyaradza yakura pamusoro pavo.
Zvemukati uye zvekunze mutemo
Mutongi akaedza kukanganisa kukanganisa kuchekwa kweRussia Orthodox chechi kubva ku yakaunzwa pamusoro payo neVisantia. Naizvozvo, muna 1054, kekutanga munhoroondo yeRussia, chechi yake yakatungamirirwa neRussia, uye kwete iyo Greek Metropolitan. Yake inonzi illarion.
Sangano remukati reYaroslav vakachenjera vakanatswa pakuvandudza kuumbwa kwevanhu uye kusunungurwa kwesimba rekutenda kwechihedheni. Kutenda kwechiKristu kwakavharirwa nesimba idzva. MuMwanakomana uyu akaenderera mberi nezvababa vake vakuru, Vladimir Baptist.
Mwanakomana akaraira kushandura mabhuku echiGreek vakanyorwa nemaoko akasimba. Iye pachake aifarira kuverenga uye kuyedza kudzidzisa rudo rwekuverenga nekuvhenekera pasi rake. Vafundisi vakatanga kudzidzisa vana nekuverenga. MuLovgorod, chikoro chevakomana vakaoneka, izvo zvakatora vadzidzi mazana matatu ekutanga.
Huwandu hwemabhuku hwakakura nekukurumidza uye bhuku huchenjeri hwakavakirwa mune rondedzero yenguva iyoyo. Kuvhenekerwa kuti uve mukurumbira.
Mune iyo nyaya yemakore, inotaurwa kune imwe musangano wemabhuku uye magwaro, ayo ari tsika yekufonera raibhurari yeyaroslav akachenjera. Masayendisiti akataura nezvehuwandu hwakasiyana: kubva pamazana mashanu kusvika 950 mavhoriyamu. Maererano nemimwe mishumo, raibhurari yakaendeswa kumuchinda (neruzivo - vazukuru vake vakuru) veSofia Cathedral.
Sezvo mabhuku ekare ayo makore chiuru asina kuwanikwa, kune akawanda hypotheses pane zvavanogona kuchengetwa. Vamwe vanopokana kuti inogona kuve mugomba reSofia Cathedral, vamwe vanotaura nezve catacet of the kiev-pechersk lavra, wechitatu - nezve vydubitsky monastery. Asi kune vanozvikudza vanotenda kuti maFolisi anokosha aisakwanisa kurarama mushure mekuparadza polids uye moto.
Imwe vhezheni ine kodzero yekuvapo ndeye Yaroslav yakachenjera library yave chikamu cheiyo raibhurari yeRaibhurari yeIvan inotyisa.
Prince Yaroslav vakachenjera vakamira pamavambo emamongi ekutanga eRussia, kusanganisira mukuru - Kiev-Pecherverky. Iyo monastery isina kungoita mupiro mukuru kune kukwidziridzwa uye kuzivikanwa kwechiKristu uye ormthodoxy, asi zvakare airidzawo basa rakakura mukujekeswa. Kupfuura zvese, Mbiri yakaitwa pano nemabhuku akashandurwa.
Uye panguva ino yakanaka, "chokwadi cheRussia" chejarosolav akachenjera akazviratidza. Iyi ndiyo yekutanga seti yemitemo yeRussia, iyo vateveri vakawedzera uye vakawedzera.
Vanyori venhoroondo vanoonga zvikuru zvematongerwo enyika veVelmazby, maakawanawo kubudirira kukuru. Zvinoita sekuti aive wekutanga wemachinda eRussia anotarisisa kudzoka, uye kwete simba rezvombo.
Panguva iyoyo, michato yevaimba yemavambo yainzi nzira huru yekugadzira hukama nedzimwe nyika. Uye sezvo Kievan Rud pakati pebudiriro yevakachenjera yakashandurwa kuita yakavhenekerwa uye yakasimba mamiriro, ipapo "kuti abereke" naye, vatongi vazhinji venyika yeEurope vakatsanangura.
Mukadzi waJariyos akachenjera akave mwanasikana wamambo weSweden olaf - Inhigerda, uyo akagamuchira zita kuti Irina mushure me rubhabhatidzo. Kubva kuna baba vaine fuma dowry - guta reAldeagaborg (gare gare Ladoga). Iyo nyika iri padyo nayo yainzi Ingermanland (iyo inoshandurwa seynders ivhu).
Mwanakomana waMuchinda - Vselod - Akaroora Tsvevna. Vamwe vaviri vamwe vana - pamachinda echiGerman. Mwanakomana Izyaslav akatora mukadzi wake kuhanzvadzi yePoland Prince Casimir, uye Casimir pachake akawana hanzvadzi yake kuchenjera - dobogen.
Michato mumweya mumwe chetewo uri pakati pevanasikana veKiev Venzilmzy. Erizabheti aive akaroora mambo weNorway, Anastasia - kumutongi weHungary Andrei. Asi mukurumbira uye nekuremekedzwa aive mukadzi waAna Yaroslavna, akazova mukadzi waMambo wechiFrench Henry I. Semhedzisiro yehunyanzvi hwekunze, muchinda yaroslav akachenjera kure kure.
Hwaro hwemaguta
Muchinda Jarosolav akangwara akateedzana Yuriev. Zvakaitika muna 1030, paakadzoka kuCud. Guta idzva, rakatumidzwa ngirozi mushure memutumwa, rakaonekwa pamhenderekedzo yegungwa. Iye zvino anonzi Tartu uye ndiyo yechipiri yakakura kwazvo yeEstonia guta mushure meTallinn.
Rimwe guta reJoroslav rakachenjera ndero, kunyangwe vamwe vanyori venhoroondo vanoona chokwadi chenheyo dzayo nomuchinda kwete kusavimbika.
Kune imwe yyyyev yakavakirwa nemuchinda. Guta iri rakazove panguva imwe chete iyo nhare, iyo yakaverengerwa muPojon Defense Line. Akavhoterwa kuchengetedza Kiev kubva mumadyuns. Muna 1240, tatar-mongols yakaparadzwa, ichisiya chete matongo echechi. Kwandikomberedza uye guta rakamutsidzirwa, ratambira zita renzvimbo chena. Iye anonzi nhasi.
Hupenyu Hwako
Vanyori venhoroondo zhinji vanobvumirana kuti mudzimai waHhigerd, mushure mekubhabhatidzwa, akazova Irina, aive nemurume wake akasiya murume wake uye akasiya chiratidzo chiratidzo munhoroondo yeRussia. Panyika dzaigamuchirwa kubva kuna baba vake muna 1703, St. Petersburg rakavakwa naPetro rekutanga.
MuKiev, nekuda kwekurinda mwanasikana, Irina akaonekwa mutungamiriri wekutanga wechikadzi. Yakavakwa kuChechi yeSt I Irina. Imwe yemakoramu ake "akararama" kusvika pakati pezana ramakumi maviri. Zvino chete inzwi reIrininskaya mugwagwa wakafanana nekuvapo kwetembere.
Hupenyu hwevanhu veRaverlav vakachenjera sei uye Igigeria-Irina - nhasi zvakaoma kutaura. Izvo zvinongozivikanwa chete kuti muwanano pamwe nevanakomana vasanhatu uye nevanasikana vatatu vakazvarwa. Wawakaroora vakagovana maonero emurume wake uye akatamira mukutenda kwake, achiita zvakawanda zvekusimudzira kwake.
Handsome, yakakura kwazvo, zvinoita sekuti yakanga isiri. Mhou dzakasimba kwazvo uye chidimbu chimwe chete, muromo wakapusa wemombe uye maziso makuru haana kuwedzera kukwezva. Uye aive Chrome nekuda kwehurefu hwakasiyana hwemakumbo. Maererano nerimwe vhezheni - nekuda kwehudyu uye kukanganiswa kwebvi muhondo, uye kune imwe, nekuda kwechirwere chenhaka chekutenda.
Pane chinyorwa chezvakaitika kare kune dzidziso dzakasiyana dzevanyori venhoroondo. Vamwe vacho vanoti muchinda Jaroslav akachenjera akaroora kaviri.
Mukadzi wake wekutanga anonzi aishigian anna. Muwanano iyi, ndakazvarwa kunyange mwanakomana waIlya. Asi muna 1018, iye pamwe naamai vake, akabatwa naMambo wePoland Bolesolav akashinga uye akaendeswa kuPoland zvachose. Iyi vhezheni inofungidzirwa kuti inosimbiswa nenyaya yekuti zita Ana rinowanikwa mune mamwe mazita.
Asi pane vapikisi veiyi nharo nharo. Ivo vanopokana kuti zvese zviri nyore kwazvo. Anna ndiye monothe zita reIngrid Irina. Anonzi, pakupera kwehupenyu hwake, anozvikanda kuva nini, achitora zita iri. Muna 1429, Bhisbhiya Evimius akaverenga Ana kutarisana nevatsvene. Zvinoonekwa sekudenga patroness novgorodhi.
Zvinokosha kuziva kuti muchinda weYaroslav akachenjera akaiswa muZimbabwe chete muZimbabwe Century.
Rufu
Makore ekupedzisira ehupenyu, muchinda yaroslav akachenjera akapedza muVysHgorod. Akafira pazororo rekupemberera kweOrthodoxy pamaoko mumwe wevanakomana vake - VSevolod, akapukunyuka kwemakore mana mukadzi nevanakomana vakuru, Vladimir.
Zuva rekufa kwemuchinda rinoonekwa seFebruary 20, 1054. Akavigwa muSofia Cathedral muKiev, mune 6-ton marble sarcoparing. Nehurombo, zvakasara zveMutongi Mukuru Akanyangarika. Zvinozivikanwa kuti Sarcofagus muzana ramakore makumi maviri rakavhura katatu: Muna 1936, 1939 uye 1964. Uye zvaisagara zvichikwanisa uye nehana.
Pashure pokunge vavhura muna 1939, masara eYaroslav akachenjera akatumirwa kuna Leningradr, uko masayendisiti eAnthropology Institute kwenguva yekutanga akasimbisa kuti imwe yemakondo (murume, mukadzi uye vana) kubva kuvhuvhurwa ndezvemuchinda. Sekureva kweiyo yakawanikwa dehenya, anthropologist mikhail geasimov akakwanisa kudzorera kutaridzika kwemutongi.
Chasara chakadzokera kuKiev. Asi muna2009, guva rakaratidzwa zvakare uye vakawana kuti zviripo zvekare zvekare zveRurikovich haundi. Paive nemakona maviri echikadzi ari ipapo pane imwe nzvimbo - imwe nguva yeKievan ku, yechipiri yakatonyanya nguva yakareba scythian nguva. Uye muguva, mapepanhau "Izvestsia" uye chokwadi cha1964 chakawanikwa.
Vanyori venhoroondo zhinji nevaongorori vanowanzoenda kune vhezheni iyo zvisara zvinofanirwa kutsvakwa muUnited States. Zvinotaurwa vakapinda muna 1943, mauto eGerman paakadzoka.