Biography
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, vatongi vekunze vakafananidza gurukota razvino rezvekunze kweRussia Sergev na Andrei Gromyko. Nekuti iyo sergey viktorovich uye kupindura kuti uku kuenzanisa kwekubata kumeso, nekuti mumwe waanoshanda naye aive "diplomat yakakura yeSoviet Era." Mota yezviitiko zvake zvese pane ino ndima yaive:"Zvirinani makore gumi ekutaurirana kupfuura rimwe zuva rehondo."Uye vatinoshanda vatorwa vanonzi Andrei Gromyko "Mr." Kwete "" nekuda kwekusanzwisisika uye kusada kutora chinzvimbo chavo munhaurirano. Mufundisi uyu aive aine chepfu kuti "ziva" kubva kune vatinoshanda navo aaifanira kunzwa kazhinji kupfuura iye "kwete."
Hudu uye Vechidiki
Andrei Andrevich Gromyko akaberekerwa mumatanda emusha weBelarussian muna Chikunguru 1909. Panguva iyoyo, musha wedzinza wedunhu reMogilev of the Russia. Sezvineiwo, vagari vazhinji venguva zhinji vaishandiswa zita rimwe chete, asi panguva imwe chete iyoyo mhuri imwe neimwe yaive nezita rekuzvarwa.
Andrei Andrei Andreevich Mhuri yainzi Burmakov. Vakaitika kubva kuvarombo, asi vanopenya, kunyange iye akazvisimbirira pachavo muRussia. Uye muzvinyorwa zvepamutemo, zvakabva zvevamwe zvakabvarirwa, kunyangwe baba vake vakashanda kufekitori.
Vamwe vanyori venhoroondo, vachireva kuzvimiririra vanozvimiririra, vanopokana kuti naDrei Gromyko baba mune mafungu eStolypin enforms akasendama kuCanada. Mushure mekukuvara, ruoko rwadzokera kumba, asi rwakakwanisa kudzidza Chirungu, izvo zvakaringana.
Kubva pazera ramakore gumi nematatu, mwanakomana akatanga kushanda. Baba vakamutora pamwe chete neukuru hwesango. Aiwanzo kuudza Andrei nezvekugara kwake kunze kwegungwa uye nehondo yenyika yekutanga, ane chikamu chake chaive. Kuwedzera kuna Andrei, dzimwe hama nhatu dzakakura mumhuri. Vaviri vavo vakafa pamapundu ehondo huru yehondo, chetatu chakafa kubva kune magondo akagamuchira pamba.
Muna 1955, Gromyko payakaitwa nemuratidziro evatorwa vakatora nharo muhurukuro neyeGerman Chantsaullor neAdedenia, airatidza kuomarara kusingaenzaniswi uye kusavimbika. Gare gare kuMwanakomana wake, akatsanangura chinzvimbo chake nenyaya yekuti akanzwa kuvapo kusingaonekwe kwehama dzakaurayiwa muhondo, uyo akamuudza.
"Usape nzira, haisi yako, asi wedu."Kubudirira kupedza kudzidza kubva ku7-mutyairi mumatanda ekare, Andrei akaenda kunoenderera mberi. Akapedza chikoro chebasa muKomel, saka chikoro chinorima techno muMinsk Dunhu, uko chinzvimbo chinoshanda uye hunhu hwehutungamiri hwaive hwakasarudzwa secretary sangano reKomsomol. Uye pa22, yakamutswa kumunyori wechero bato.
Muna 1931, Andrei Gromyko akazova mudzidzi weMinsk Economic Institute. Asi chete 2 makosi akadzidza, nekuti akatumirwa kumusha uri padyo Minsk semufambisiko wechikoro. Iyo Institute of the Mudiki Director akapedza kudzidza muAbikoka.
Vanoverengeka vevechidiki vanoshanda zvakanyanya, pakati pavo Andrei Gromyko, komiti yepakati pebato reComerist reBelarus rakatumerwa kudzidza kubva pachikoro chedzidzo chezvidzidzo zvechibayiro cheBSSR. Pano vakagadzira yakaenzana magwaro ezvehupfumi. Semumwe wevadzidzi vakanaka kwazvo, muna 1934, akashandurwa kuita kuMoscow.
Yakadzivirirwa neyekuvhiringidzika kushamisika kuUS kurima uye kwakanangwa paRondedzero Institute yeiyo All-Union Academy Scientraces Sakeriors. Munguva ino, Andrei Andreevich Gromyko akadzidza Chirungu kuChirungu.
Muna 1938, akazova munyori wesainzi weInstitute of economics yeChikoro cheMasainzi eUSSR. Muchikuru uye anovimbisa sainzi akarongwa kuti atumirwe kuDrangeri yekuMabvazuva yeChikoro.
Basa
Sevairarama panguva yeAndrei Gromyko, iye anenge atoita kuzvidzora. Ndakaverenga mabasa ehupfumi haangori vesaenzi chete, asiwo memoirs emushandi wehumambo rehupfumi hweSergey, akaita fungidziro isinganzwisisike.
Munguva yake yemahara, Gromyko yakatora chikamu mumakwikwi ekupfura uye kunyange kugamuchira "Voroshilovsky shooter" icon. Ari kufarira sainzi yemauto kuti aifunga kuti ari mutyairi wemauto. Asi pazera chaakange asingakwanise kuisa chikoro chekushanda.
Gare gare mumamoirs ake, Andrei Gromyko haana kutaura kudzvinyirira kwe1930s. Asi yaive "kuchenesa" mumakomisheni ezvekunze, vakatendeuka mumugumo wemasayendisiti wechidiki akadzokera uye akamutungamidza kuenda kumunda wedhisiki.
Muna 1939, Andrei Andreevich Gomyko akakoka komisheni yedare repakati rebato. VaSachigaro Vake Vychachav Molotov naGeorgy Merenkov vakasarudzwa kubva pakati pevadiki veCommunitisiti vevatambi vebasa rekudyidzana. Izvo zvinodikanwa zvikuru ndezvekutanga zvakabva uye zvimwewo ruzivo rwemitauro yekune dzimwe nyika. Kuenda kunobva kuBelarus kwaswedera kuzvinhu zvese. Panguva iyoyo, akaverenga mabhuku anotaura pachena, akaumbwa, asi panguva imwe chete iyoyo aive chibharo.
Diplomat
Therei's Diplomatic basa rakatanga nekukurumidza. Muchirimo cha 1939, aive akananga nedhipatimendi reAmerica Nkid nyika. Asi mukudonha, akadanwa kuna I. V. Stalin uye akagadza zano reUsr Embassy muAmerica. Anoregedza zano aisungirwa kuendesa ruzivo rusina kurasika kune wechidiki diplomat, Lieutenant General Alexander Vasilsov, musoro weDhipatimendi rehukama hwevashandi vezvombo.
Kubva 1939 kusvika 1943, Andrei gromyko akashanda semupi wezano kune iyo USSR PlenPotentialary hofisi muUnited States. Uye mukutanga 1943 akatsiva iyo USSR AMBassador kuUS Maxim Litivinova. Munzvimbo iyi yaakashanda kusvika 1946. Zviitiko zvinonyanya kukosha zvemakore aya ndiwo kugadzirira kweTehran, Potsdam naYalta Confence. Mune yakakurumbira Yaltia muna 1945, Gromyko akatora chikamu pachavo.
Kubva 1946, mukufamba kwemakore maviri, madiplomat akabata chinzvimbo chemumiriri zvachose weUSSR pasi peUNS. Zvinokosha kuziva kuti Andrei gromyko akasvika kuve yekutanga Soviet diplomat, iyo yakapihwa neiyi post. Uyezve, kubva 1946 kusvika 1949, Andrei Andrevich akabata chinzvimbo chemutevedzeri wezvekunze kwenyika dzeUSR. Mune chinyorwa chemagazini "yemagazini" yemagazini ", imwe yenyanzvi yakacherekedza" kugona "kweGomyko.
Asi mune ino post, mukuru akanganisa anogumbura: Pasina resolution yeKremlin pasi pekumanikidzwa kwehutungamiri hweMabhinda, akaisa vhiza yechibvumirano cheChina paChina. .
Kune izvi, Stalin, uyo akadzora zvisungo zvehupfumi neDPRKS egactilly, akabvisa Andrei Gromyko achibva pakatarisana nemutevedzeri wekutanga minister uye akamutumira mumiriri kuLondon. Pano, madiplomat yakashanda kusvika parufu rwaJoseph vissarionivich. Mushure mekufa kwaStalin, mumiriri akadzoserwa kuUSSR uye akagadza kutumira kwemutevedzeri wekutanga wezvekunze kwezvinhu zvekunze zveSoviet Union.
Munguva yechando ya1957, Andrei Gromyko yakava gurukota rezvekunze kweUSSR. Mune ino post, akagadzwa Nikita Khrushchev mushure mekupindirana nemushembo Shepilov, uyo akatungamira post iyi pamberi uye akaendesa kune post yemunyori wepakati wekomiti yeCPSU yepakati. Hunhu hwakapihwa kwavari Gromyko, vanofarira Khrushchev:
"Ichi chiBulldog: muudze - haapfeke yake rushaya kusvikira azadzisa zvese nenguva uye nenzira kwayo."Post of Gurukota rezvekunze kwezvinhu zveSoviet Union, Andrei gromyko akashandira kusati kwaitika kwenguva yakareba - makore 28. Izvo zvisingabvumirwe kubudirira mune ino sevhisi zvinosanganisira zvakakosha uye zvakabudirira kutaurirana pane iyo kutonga pamusoro pevagari vezvombo zvakajairika uye nenyukireya. Akaunti yake, kugadzirisa dambudziko reCaribbean uye kutaurirana kwakaoma nemutungamiri weAmerican Johnindey.
Muna 1970, muMushumiri wekunze weUSR akagadzira mupiro mukuru mukuvandudzwa kwerugwaro uye kugadzirira kwekusaina kwechibvumirano cheSoviet muEvider pa "Kusangana kweGerman" muHondo yePost-yehondo.
Andrei Andrevich akadonha kutungamira kukurukurirana kwakaoma kwazvo muUnited States neUN, kwaakadzokorora kukwira pamusoro pegungwa. Uye aifanira kugadzirira kushanya kwekutanga kweUnited States President Nixon muUSSr, yekutanga yenhoroondo yehukama hweSoviet-America.
Kushanya kwekutanga kuItari kwaive kuchishandiswa zvakare Gromyko. Akavimbisawo hukama hwenyika nenyika ino - rimwe renyika huru rinotora mubatanidzwa waHitler.
Uye gurukota rezvekunze rakava Mutungamiriri weSoviet Salttemani akasangana naPapa weRoma. Kukurukurirana kwavo kwekutanga kwakaitika muNew York, kumusangano wekuMus muna 1965. Ipapo Paul Vi akaita ka4 times in the vatic.
Vakararama panguva iyoyo vanonzi Andrei Gromyko iyo inonyanya kuzivikanwa madiplomat. Maitiro ake ekukurukurirana akakonzera kuyemurwa kwemakompeni uye kushatirwa kwakakura kune rimwe divi rakatarisana. Iyo diplomat yakanyanya kuomeswa zvakanyanya uye yakanga isinganyanyo kusapindira. Ainyanya kugadzirira musangano, kudzidza anopikisa kubva kumativi ese. Pamusoro pekuziva zvidiki zvidiki zvedambudziko iri kutaurirana.
Izvi zvakamubvumidza kutonga iyo isinganyanyo pfungwa ine ruzivo. Gromyko akatungamira hurukuro zvishoma nezvishoma, kutaurirana kunogona kunonoka kwemaawa marefu. Mazhinji madiplomats haana kutsungirira maawa akawanda ekukurukurirana kwekuneta uye vaive nerve. Chete ipapo Andrei Andreevich akadhonza marara ake makuru.
Mushure mekufa kweLeonid Brezhnev, Kuve Munyori General, Yuri Andropov akagadza Gromyko yekutanga Mutevedzeri Sachigaro weCanzinda yevashumiri veUSSR. Post iyi, Andrei gromyko akagara kubva munaKurume 1983 kuna Chikunguru 1985. Uye munaJanuary 1988, mushure mekufa kwaKonsntin, vafambi vezvematongerwo enyika vakamukoka kuti atore tsamba yeDare reCPSU CONCE.
Asi Andrei Andreevich akaramba kufarira mikhail gorbacheva, achimupa hunhu hwakanaka kumusangano wezvematongerwo enyika. Maererano nerumwe ruzivo, gare gare mune zvisina kurongwa, akazvidemba chisarudzo chake.
Mushure mekusarudzwa kweMikhail Gorbachacheva, munyori mukuru weDare repakati reCPSU, iyo post yeMufundisi wezvekunze kweSoviet Uniard Shevardnavazve. Andrei Gromyko akapa chinzvimbo chemhemberero yemuchigaro weMudzidzisi weDare Guru. Asi muna Gumiguru 1988, akasunungurwa ane chekuita nehutano hwakanaka.
Hupenyu Hwako
Nemukadzi wake Lydia Grinevich, Ramangwana "Patriarch Diplomicy" akasangana muna 1931, paakapinda muMinsk Economic Institute. Ridhiya, saiye, aive mudzidzi weyunivhesiti iyi.
Hupenyu Hwako hweAndrei Gromyko naLydia Grinevich raive nemufaro. Yaive sero rine muenzaniso weSoviet Soviet, uko kwakakwana kwakakwana kwekuwirirana. Pakaitumirwa murume akatumirwa nemukuru wechikoro chekumaruwa, mukadzi akaenda shure kwake. Kwapera gore, ivo vakanga vane mwanakomana waAnotoni. Uye muna 1937 mwanasikana weEmia aionekwa.
Mukadzi haana kungopa "mweja emurume kana" akasimba, asiwo akaenzana naye. Akadzidza chiRungu uye kazhinji akatungamira zvatanga kuti madiplomats kumadokero akakokwa.
Vakaroorana vakamirira vazukuru - Alexey uye igor. Iyo inodiwa yekuda kwaAndrei andrevich yaive yekuvhima. Uye aive achiunganidza pfuti.
Rufu
Andrei gromyko akafa muna Chikunguru 1989. Rufu rwakauya kubva pamatambudziko mushure mekupwanya maAnorysm yeAdominal Aorta. Uye kunyangwe iyo yekukurumidzira prosthizics yakaitwa nenguva, asi muviri nemwoyo wakapfeka hazvina kufamba mutoro.
"TATIRARIRARARI VAKURU" aida kuviga rusvingo rweKremlin, asi iye amene akazununguka kumuviga paNovderevichy Cemetery.
Mushure mekunge mukuru weMukuru mukuru, mubvunzo wemariro pane mariro akatsvuka akange asisiri kuchikwira uye muKremlin necropolis hapana mumwe akavigwa.